A. D. 1 Leaders (Women) Adele Johnson. Martin A. Gleason..1025 150th St., Whitestone..Mae V. Gallis. 2 Geo. Torsney. Alex Frontera. Jas. A. Phillips. Peter Blasius. 3 Frank McGlynn.. Herbert Koehler... May K. Gensmere.. 2077 45th St., L. I. C........ Thos. J. Lanigan.. Wm. M. Blake. Wm. Ellard Mich. Gallagher Maurice Fitzgerald..133-17 John J. Lutz....... 8926 216th St., Queens Vil.. Mae Etter. Helen Reid. Address 2812 29th St., L. I. C. 2142 45th Rd., L. I. C. 8507 88th Ave., Woodhaven Queens County Republican Executive Committee Source: World Almanac Questionnaire (Headquarters, 86-15 Lefferts Boulevard, Richmond Hill) Chairman-Warren B. Ashmead, 159-17 Jamaica Ave., Jamaica. Treasurer-Joseph M. Conroy, 160-16 Jamaica Ave., Jamaica. Secretary-Ralph Halpern, 8380 118th St., Kew Gardens. District Chairmen (1) Frank Motl, 3151 34th St., Long Island City; (2) Anthony J. Argondizza, 6444 Grand Ave., Maspeth; (3) Erwin M. Riebe, 3008 93d St., Jackson Heights; (4) D. Lacy Dayton, 3619 221st St., Bayside; (5) Corning McKennee, 9016 Boulevard, Rockaway Beach; (6) George Archinal, 7732 78th St., Woodhaven. 8380 118th St., Kew Gar'ens Grace L. DeGroot..9526 117th St., Rich'd Hill Frederic E. Knauss.. 6950 Nansen St., Forest Hills Mathilde Stutz. 7713 Jamaica Ave., Woodhaven Richmond County Democratic Executive Committee Source: World Almanac Questionnaire (Headquarters, 38 Central Ave., St. George, Staten Island) County Chairman-Jeremiah Sullivan. Secretary-Albert Maniscalco. Treasurer-William J. Dempsey. Chairman-Robert S. Woodward, Country Club Grounds, Dongan Hills. Vice Chairman-Robert J. Johnson, 153 Clove Rd., W. New Brighton. 2nd Vice Chairwoman-Gertrude Knapp, Tenth St., New Dorp. Treasurer-Albert Randon, Bedell Ave., Tottenville. Secretary-William Mackowski, 19 Grove Place, Port Richmond. RADIO, TELEVISION, MOTION PICTURES Source: The National Broadcasting Company, Inc. 1600-William Gilbert conceived of the earth as a great magnet, with magnetic poles and a field of force about it. Laid foundation for later discoveries. 1745-Musschenbroeck of Leyden discovered the principle of the electrostatic condenser. 1780-Luigi Galvani discovered "galvanic" electricity. 1794-Alessandro Volta invented the voltaic cell. 1831-Laws of electromagnetic induction formulated by Michael Faraday. 1864 James Clerk Maxwell, of Cambridge University, proved the existence of and predicted the action of electromagnetic waves. 1872-First patent for wireless telegraphy system was granted to Dr. Mahlon Loomis, of Washington, D. C. 1875-Thomas A. Edison noticed an electrical phenomenon he called "etheric force." Led to development of the Fleming two-electrode vacuum tube. 1878-David Edward Hughes demonstrated a carbon microphone before the Royal Society in London. 1886-Heinrich Hertz, a German, produced and identified electromagnetic waves and proved that they could be transmitted through space with the speed of light. 1890-Edouard Branly developed the "coherer" as a detector of wireless signals. 1895-Guglielmo Marconi sent and received his first wireless signals across his father's estate in Italy. 1896-Marconi in England took out a patent covering his system of wireless telegraphy. Signaled over a distance of two miles at Salisbury, England. 1897-Marconi formed the Wireless Telegraph and Signal Company to manufacture wireless equipment and to provide a wireless communication service. The organization's name was later changed to Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co., Ltd. 1899-Marconi transmitted the first wireless signals over the English Channel. 1900-Historic patent No. 7777, covering a tuned wireless system, granted to Marconi. 1901-Marconi, in Newfoundland, received the first transatlantic wireless signal, the letter "S," transmitted from Poldhu, England. 1902-Wireless telephony demonstrated aboard ship in the Potomac River, near Washington, D. C. Human voice transmitted a mile without wires in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. 1904-Two-element vacuum tube detector invented by Ambrose Fleming. 1907-Lee de Forest invented the "audion," a three-element vacuum tube. The New York Times received on regular westward Marconi trans-Atlantic service a message in code from Clifden, Ireland, via Glace Bay, Nova Scotia. 1909 Jack Binns, wireless operator on the S.S. Republic, summoned rescue ships after his vessel had collided with the S.S. Florida. 1910-Radio message transmitted from airplane over Sheepshead Bay, New York City. 1912-Titanic disaster focused public attention on value of wireless at sea. 1914-Direct communication between Station WSL, Sayville, L. I., and POZ, Nauen, Germany, was established. Regenerative or feed-back circuit patented by Edwin H. Armstrong. 1915-Voices transmitted from Naval station at Arlington, Va., to Eiffel Tower, Paris, a distance of 3,700 miles; also from Arlington to Hawaii, a distance of 3,000 miles. 1917-High-frequency alternator of increased power designed by E.-F. W. Alexanderson, of the General Electric Company. 1919-Radio Corporation of America was organized to take over Marconi facilities in the United States. 1920-Transmission of press bulletins on Harding-Cox election over Station KDKA, Pittsburgh, marks the beginning of broadcasting. First college football game broadcast at College Station, Texas. 1921-Station KDKA, Pittsburgh, broadcast the religious service of Calvary Baptist Church, Pittsburgh. 1922-Station WEAF broadcast in New York City a commercial message of the Queensboro Realty Company, the first advertising broadcast. 1923-Stations WEAF and WNAC linked in first network broadcast of 3 hours, 15 minutes. Louis A. Hazeltine, of Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. J., announced a non-radiating neutrodyne receiver for which he later received a patent. The 1924-Radio Corporation of America transmitted photographs across the Atlantic by radio. first pictures were sent from London to New York in twenty minutes. 1925-Inauguration of President Coolidge was broadcast by 24 stations. The all-electric home receiver was made possible through the introduction of alternating-current tubes. 1926-The National Broadcasting Company, first of the great American radio networks, was organized. First demonstration of true television, with images in half tones, given by John-Logie Baird. 1927-The Columbia Broadcasting Company was organized. United States Radio Commission created with authority to grant licenses for one year, fix wave lengths and hours of operation. 1928-Television image transmitted across the Atlantic by short radio waves from Station 2KZ, Purley, England, to Station 2CVJ, Hartsdale, N. Y. Television in color demonstrated. 1929-A communication from the Antarctic base of Richard E. Byrd announced that he and his companions had flown over the South Pole. Bell Telephone Laboratories demonstrated television in color in New York City. 1930-Ship program broadcast from a ship off Ambrose Light to Rockaway, N. Y., where radio waves were picked up and transmitted via land wire to New York City. Two demonstrations of television given in the auditorium of the Bell Telephone Company laboratories and the American Telegraph and Telephone Company in New York City. Persons in these two buildings, although separated by a long distance, were able to see and converse with each other as if in the same room. Talking picture sent by television at Schenectady, N. Y. 1931-"Hansel and Gretel" was the first complete opera to be broadcast from the stage of the Metropolitan Opera. Station W9XAP, Chicago, presented television broadcast of a play. 1934 The Federal Communications Commission was organized to regulate radio, wire telephony and wire telegraphy. It succeeded the Federal Radio Commission as a regulator of radio communications. Mutual Broadcasting System was organized. First radio police car for two-way operation demonstrated by General Electric Company at Schenectady, N. Y. Station W2XAP, a short-wave station of the General Electric Company at Schenectady, N. Y., completed a broadcast from the Arctic to the Antarctic. 1935-Production of metal tubes announced by the General Electric Company. Television moving picture broadcast made in Jenkins laboratory, Washington, D. C 1936 Former King Edward VIII, following his abdication, addressed a farewell to a world-wide audience believed to be the largest ever to listen to a single broadcast. 1937-The first major symphony orchestra to be organized and maintained by an American broadcaster expressly for the radio audience was founded by the National Broadcasting Company. 1938 Television sidewalk interviews conducted on the streets in New York. 1939-Regular public television service, comprising news and sports events and studio productions, begun in New York City by NBC. 1940-Republican National Convention in Philadelphia telecast there and in New York City. Commercial broadcasting over frequency modulated sound transmitters, operating on ultra-short waves. authorized by the Federal Communications Commission. 1941-Commercial television broadcasting authorized by Federal Communications Commission. First commercial license granted to Station WNBT. New York City. Poll of Radio Editors Names Air Favorites The New York World-Telegram, a Scripps Howard newspaper, annually conducts a poll of radio editors in the United States and Canada to determine the popular leaders in the various forms of entertainment over the air. The poll is the oldest and most comprehensive of radio editorial opinion. In the tenth annual poll in 1940 votes were cast by radio editors representing all the large cities in the United States and Canada and also the smaller centers. Votes are tabulated on the basis of three points for each editor's first choice, two for second and one for third choice. Here are the leaders for 1937. 1938, 1939 and 1940. Roll Call of the Radio Industry, Dec. 1, 1941 Sales of time by broadcasters, 1941... $185,000,000 32,000,000 replacement tubes @ $1.10. .$ Electricity, batteries, etc., to operate 56,000,000 receivers 37,000,000 Radio parts, supplies, etc. 220,000,000 12,400,000 radios sold in 1941 at retail.. 434,000,000 Total Radio Sets in Use $1,044,000,000 Figures for sets include value of tubes in receivers. In recent years, replacement tubes have run 25% to 40% of total tube sales. All figures are at retail values. $60,000,000 136,000.000 358,000,000] 430,000,000 506,000,000] 425,600,000 690,550,000 842,548,000 34,000 $3,000,000 496,432,000 108,000 143.000 5,940,000 300,000,000 7,150,000 200,000,000 100,000 250,000 500.000 1,250.000 2,000,000 3,500,000 5.000.000 6,000,000 6,500,000 7,500,000 8,500,000 Operations of Broadcast Industry in U. S. Source: Federal Communications Commission The broadcast business in the United States (1940) reached a new high of $154,823,787, an increase of $24,855,761, or 19 per cent, over 1939. This amount was for the sale of time only, as reported by three major networks, five regional networks, and 765 stations. The industry also derived $13,181,948 from the sale of talent and other services (1940), an increase of $1,871,696 over 1939. In consequence, the broadcast service income (operating profit) of the entire industry increased (1940) by more than $9,000,000 over 1939, or about 39 per cent. This despite the fact that the industry's expenses increased by $13,806,089, of which $994,573 was for 62 new stations. The three major networks (National, Columbia, and Mutual) had combined time sales of $71,919,428 for the year, about 15 per cent over 1939. They paid out $22,123,760 to stations and regional networks compared with $18,023,195 the year previous. Thus, the three major networks recorded a broadcast service income (operating profit) of $13,705,043. This came from operation of their own stations as well as their networks and constituted 41 per cent of the broadcast income of the entire industry compared with 46 per cent (1939). There were 457 network stations and 308 nonnetwork stations operating (1940) compared with 397 and 308 respectively (1939). The industry employed (1940) approximately 22,000 persons on a full time basis, with a weekly payroll up $107,295 from 1939. The weekly payroll was $1,020,348 for all full time employees. This figure does not include any amounts for talent employed by sponsors, but it does include staff musicians and artists who are employed full time by networks and stations. For a typical week 21,646 persons were so employed as compared with 19,873 (1939), or an increase of 1,773. This increase was made up of an additional 215 executives and 1,490 employees below executive grade for individual stations; 14 executives and 65 employees for regional network, and 3 executives for major networks, with the latter having 14 less employees. The average weekly compensation for the 21,646 full time employees of the entire industry was $47.13, up $1.23 per person from 1939, including executives of the stations and of the networks. The average for the 19,326 employees of stations and networks below the executive grade was $41.68 for the week. The average weekly compensation for station executives was $84.69, while for station employees only, below the grade of executive, the average was $37.97. For major network executives the average was $251.68, while the average for major network employees below the grade of executive was $57.55. Part time employees for the industry were 4,007 and their total compensation for the average week was $110,144. This was in addition to the full time pay roll. The stations had 3,511 part time executives and other employees with a part time pay roll of $78,917 for the week, and the major networks had 492 part time executives and other employees with a part time pay roll of $31,171. Radio Call Letters Source: Federal Communications Commission Under international agreement, the first letter or the first two letters of radio call signals indicates the nationality of the station. As a general rule, land stations use three letters, ship stations four letters, and aircraft stations five letters. One or two letters and a single figure followed by a group of not more than three letters Identify amateur stations and commercial stations. The Federal Communications Commission now has approximately 65,000 active radio call letter assignments outstanding, exclusive of Government stations. Licensing of both radio stations and operators is now according to a definite plan. This Is in contrast to the early days of radio when there was little or no system. At the turn of the century it became apparent that wireless stations should bear certain designated letters in order to avoid confusion. The Berlin International Radio Convention of 1906 proposed such a system, effective in 1908. This procedure of assigning call letters was adopted by the United States when it ratified the convention in 1912. Ratification of the Berlin convention gave the United States use of three initial letters-N, K, and W. Hence the domestic assignment of combinations beginning with these letters. These are allocated by the Federal Communications Commission as follows: Call letters beginning with N are reserved for the exclusive use of the United States Navy and the United States Coast Guard. Call letters beginning with K are assigned to stations located west of the Mississippi River and in the territories of the United States. Call letters beginning with W are assigned to stations east of the Mississippi River. Call letters beginning with KH followed by various combinations of three letters are reserved for aircraft radio stations. Any existing call letter assignment not in accordance with this policy is due to the fact that the station was licensed before the allocation plan was adopted. Though limited to the use of K or W as the initial letter, the Commission has provided distinctive calls for FM broadcast stations by adopting a system of letters with interposed numbers. Between the initial letter and supplemental letter (or letters) two numbers are used. These numbers indicate the frequency assignment. This is possible because all FM stations are on the odd hundreds of kilocycles in the 42000-50000 kilocycle band. Thus, the first figure and the last two figures of the frequency assignment can be dropped. In addition, the city or area is indicated by the second letter or a combination of second and third letters. Thus, Boston stations terminate with B, with stations in New York City terminate with NY. Example: W41B would indicate an FM station in Boston operating on 44100 kilocycles. By the same token, K43SF would apply to an FM station in San Francisco using 44300 kilocycles. There is no international bar to the use of this FM identifying system. A like principle is followed for broadcast stations in Chile. Its domestic use will not disturb the approximately 15,000 remaining four-letter call combinations now being assigned at the rate of 40 to 50 a week. Under international treaty, ship stations have priority in assignment of four-letter calls. Prior to radio regulation, wireless stations used whatever call letters struck their fancy. Thus, a commercial station at Point Judith, R. I., used BJ, and one in New York City adopted NY. Enactment of the pioneer radio act in 1910 reassigned calls and did away with duplication. William S. Paley Amateur Radio Awards The Paley award is presented annually by William S. Paley, president of the Columbia Broadcasting System, "to the individual, who, through amateur radio, in the opinion of an impartial board of awards, has contributed most usefully to the American people, either in research, technical development or operating achievement, and to be open to all amateur radio operators in the United States and Canada." 1936-Walter Stiles, Coudersport, Pa., for supplying through his amateur transmitter the sole direct means of communication for 4,000 citizens of Renova, Pa., who were cut off from the outside world in the Allegheny River floods, March 1936. 1937-Robert T. Anderson, operator of amateur radio transmitter W9MWC, Harrisburg, Ill., for his efforts in the January, 1937, flood emergency when he worked for four days with only ten hours' sleep to obtain means for the evacuation of 1,500 inhabitants of Shawneetown, Ill., which was threatened with inundation by the Ohio river. 1938 Wilson E. Burgess, amateur radio operator |