PROGRESSIVE PARTY CONVENTIONS—Continued. For taking the issuance of money out of the control of Wall Street, thereby preventing great financial institutions borrowing the money of the people at a low rate of interest and lending it to the people at a high rate of interest, as they may do under the present Democratic Currency law. For a strong trade commission with ample powers to regulate and control our great industrial corporations for the purpose of suppressing the evils of monopoly and other unfair trade practices. For amendment providing for popular election of all Federal District Judges for limited terms. For taking post-offices out of politics and promoting to postmasterships postal experts from the postal service. For giving more liberal pensions to our war veterans and their widows. For the strict enforcement of the merit system of the Federal Civil Service. For a Presidential preference primary. We bind our legislators to vote for a mothers' pension law. Massachusetts-We pledge our allegiance to these principles and policies: Uniform national labor laws. A non-partisan tariff commission. Regulation of the trusts. Restoration of competition by effective control rather than by ineffective Government prosecution, and revision of the Patent laws. Conservation and development of our natural resources in the interests of all and not of the favored few. Equal suffrage, initiative and referendum. Adequate power for the Minimum Wage Commission. Old-age pensions and adequate provision for mothers with dependent children. We favor the submission to the States of the 80-called Sheppard-Hobson amendment to the National Constitution providing for Nation-wide prohibition. We favor national prohibition. We stand for the substitution of law for war, and to that end we stand for a real international court of justice where disputes between nations may be heard and decided, and a real international Parliament where international questions may be discussed and settled. We stand for military armaments for police duty only. Michigan-We reaffirm our allegiance to our national and State platforms of 1912. non We favor equal suffrage; the short ballot; an Improved and simplified primary law; partisan municipal, township, village, county, and judicial elections; a State election ballot which shall dispense with political party columns, but provide for grouping the names of party candidates under the respective offices to which election is sought; a national Presidential primary and the recall. Equity demands an improved corrupt practices act, and to this reform we pledge ourselves. We pledge ourselves as favoring a protective tariff scientifically arranged upon the basis of the findings of an expert non-partisan tariff commission. We favor a Federal trade commission with powers over industrial corporations doing an Interstate or foreign business similar to the powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission in reference to common carriers, including the power to fix reasonable prices for commodities. We favor an adequate working men's compensation act, including within its benefits those who suffer from occupational diseases. Missouri-The platform demands that the right of suffrage be given women, and pledges the party to work for a suffrage amendment to the Constitution. Favors a workmen's compensation law and a non-partisan tariff commission. Declares emphatically against any alliance or amalgamation with the Republicans. New Jersey-In adopting their platform for the coming campaign the Progressives of New Jersey reaffirmed the national platform of 1912 and the State platform of 1913, which declares for the initiative, referendum and recall, in addition to several new planks. Woman suffrage is included in the platform as one of the most important features, caucus rule condemned, and a law fixing the quality of gas urged. Local option, a land tax, and abolishment of capital punishment are also advocated. An investigation of the food supply is favored. New York-National and State Platforms of 1912-These are "ratified and confirmed," with the declaration that "the time is not opportune to write new platforms in this State." People Must Rule-On this topic the platform says: "The first need is to get back into the hands of the people of the State the power of their own political and government affairs, which has long been denied them.' Barnes and Murphy-The platform declares: "Once rid the State for all time of Barnes at Albany, and Murphy at Albany will go by the very force of circumstances.' " Fusion is practically impossible under the present Direct Primary law, but the platform Invites co-operation to rid the State of Murphy and Barnes. The Hughes Direct Primary bill is indorsed and the present Direct Primary law is denounced as a deliberate bi-partisan perversion. Ohlo-We urge the adoption of a legitimate protective tariff, scientifically provided by a permanent commission armed with full authority; we urge measures that will permit American labor and capital to develop an American merchant marine that will win back the markets of the world; we demand the overthrow of the foolish academic policy that offers millions of blackmail to a Central American State. We pledge our support to the constitutional amendment granting suffrage to the women of Ohio. We pledge our party to the adoption of the State-wide prohibition amendment initiated by the temperance people. We favor an amendment to the Federal Constitution providing national prohibition of the liquor traffic. Pennsylvania-The Progressive party in Pennsylvania is pledged to a protective tariff drawn up by a non-partisan commission. The proposals to give Colombia $25,000,000 for the Panama strip and to repeal the tolls provision are condemned. The national Progressive platform of 1912 is reaffirmed and approval is given to the Interstate Trade Commission bill, the Copley Child Labor bill, and the Nolan Convict Labor bill now before Congress. On State issues the platform reads: We stand for the right of the people to deal directly with the liquor traffic. We therefore reaffirm our position upon this matter and pledge ourselves to the immediate passage of a local option law, with the county as a unit. We believe that the Hobson amendment to the Federal Constitution should be submitted to the States. We believe women should be enfranchised. We advocate the passage by the next Legislature of the resolution submitting the suffrage amendment to the voters, and we pledge ourselves to do our utmost to secure its ratification. We believe that the obligation to pay veterans is primarily a Federal obligation, and that every effort should be used by our representatives in Congress to have this obligation generously fulfilled. We believe, however, that the State should provide for the Emergency Men of 1863. Utah-We indorse and renew our allegiance to our national party platform adopted at Chicago and we particularly emphasize the necessity for the initiative, referendum and recall, and the direct primary in all elections. We strongly favor the adoption of an amendment to the Constitution of the United States which shall confer upon women the right of franchise. Vermont-We reaffirm our belief in the principles enunciated by the national Progressive platform of 1912. We advocate the establishment of a nonpartisan expert tariff commission. We favor the passage of the joint resolution now before Congress providing for the submission of a constitutional amendment prohibiting the traffic in intoxicating liquors to the several States for adoption or for rejection. We demand that at the next session the Legislature enact a law which shall give to women the right to vote so far as not prohibited by the Constitution and such amendment to the Constitution as will eventually allow women full right of suffrage. POLITICAL NATIONAL CONVENTIONS. (For Presidential Conventions prior to 1908, see 1912 ALMANAC.) 1908. DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION. THE Democratic National Convention was held at Denver, Col., July 7-10. Nominations were made July 10. William J. Bryan, of Nebraska, was nominated on the first ballot, the vote being: Bryan 892; John A. Johnson, of Minnesota, 46. REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION. The Republican National Convention met at Chicago, Ill., June 16. One ballot was cast, July 19, as follows: Nomina The Prohibition Party National Convention was held at Columbus, Ohio, July 15-16. tions were made July 16. Eugene W. Chafin, of Illinois, was nominated for President on the third ballot, receiving 636 votes, against 451 for William B. Palmore, of Missouri, and other candidates. OTHER NATIONAL CONVENTIONS. The People's Party National Convention at St. Louis, April 2-3, unanimously nominated Thomas E. Watson, of Georgia, for President. The Socialist Party National Convention, held at Chicago, May 10-17, nominated Eugene V. Debs, of Indiana, for President on the first ballot, the vote being: Eugene V. Debs, 152; James F. Carey, of Massachusetts, 17; Carl D. Thompson, of Wisconsin, 16; A. M. Simons, of Illinois, 2. The Socialist Labor Party National Convention was held in the city of New York, July 4. Martin R. Preston, of Nevada, was nominated for President unanimously. The Independence Party National Convention was held at Chicago, July 29. Thomas L. Hisgen, of Massachusetts, was nominated for President on the third ballot, the vote being: Thomas L. Hisgen, 831; Milford W. Howard, of Alabama, 38; John Temple Graves, of Georgia, 7; William R. Hearst, of New York, 2. 1912. DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION. The Democratic National Convention was held at Baltimore, Md., June 25-July 2. Balloting for a candidate for President began June 28 and a nomination was reached July 2. There were forty-six ballots taken. The first, tenth, twenty-fifth, forty-second and final ballots were as follows: The Republican National Convention was held at Chicago, Ill., June 18-22. the candidate for President was cast June 22, as follows: * 344 delegates withheld their votes and 6 delegates were absent. PROGRESSIVE NATIONAL CONVENTION. One ballot for First Ballot. 107 41 17 2 The National Convention of the Progressive party met at Chicago August 5 and on August 7 unanimously nominated Theodore Roosevelt for President on the first ballot. SOCIALIST NATIONAL CONVENTION. The Socialist National Convention was held at Indianapolis May 17 and nominated Eugene V. Debs for President on the first ballot, the vote being: Eugene V. Debs, of Indiana, 165; Emil Seidel, of Wisconsin, 56; Charles Edward Russell, of New York, 54. PROHIBITION NATIONAL CONVENTION. The Prohibition National Convention was held at Atlantic City, N. J., July 10-12, and nominated Eugene W. Chafin, of Arizona. for President without opposition. PEOPLE'S PARTY NATIONAL CONVENTION. The National Convention of the People's Party was held at St. Louis, August 13; adopted a platform but made no nomination for President. THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1916. THE next Presidential election will take place on Tuesday, November 7, 1916. The President and Vice-President of the United States are chosen by officials termed "Electors" in each State, who are, under existing State laws, chosen by the qualified voters thereof by ballot, on the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November in every fourth year preceding the year in which the Presidential term expires. The Constitution of the United States prescribes that each State shall appoint," in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors equal to the whole number of Senatorsand Representatives to which the State may be entitled in Cougress; but no Senator or Representative or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States shall be an elector. The Constitution requires that the day when electors are chosen shall be the same throughout the United States. At the beginning of our Government most of the electors were chosen by the Legislatures of their respective States, the people having no direct participation in their choice; and one State, South Carolina, continued that practice down to the breaking out of the civil war. But in all the States now the electors are, under the direction of State laws, chosen by the people on a general State ticket. The manner in which the chosen electors meet and ballot for a President and Vice-President of the United States is provided for in Article XII. of the Constitution, and is as follows: The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President; and they shall make distinct fists of all persons vote for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of government of the United States, directed to the l'resident of the Senate. The same article then prescribes the mode in which the Congress shall count the ballots of the electors, and announce the result thereof, which is as follows: The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shali choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choo-e a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole uumber of electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. The procedure of the two houses, in case the returns of the election of electors from any State are disputed, is provided in the Electoral Count' act, passed by the Forty-ninth Congress. The act directs that the Presidential electors shall meet and give their votes ou the second Monday in January next following their election. It fixes the time when Congress shall be in session to count the ballots as the second Wednesday in February succeeding the meeting of the electors. The Constitution also defines who is eligible for President of the United States, as follows: No person except a natural-born citizen or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years. The qualifications for Vice-President are the same. THE DETERMINATION OF THE RESULT OF THE 1912 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION WAS AS FOLLOWS: Feb. 12, 1913, the two houses being assembled in the Hall of the House of Representatives for the count of the electoral vote, and the count having been duly made and certified to, and the announcement thereof made to the two houses assembled, the statement of the Tellers closed in these words: This announcement of the state of the vote by the President of the Senate shall be deemed a SUFFICIENT DECLARATION OF THE PERSONS ELECTED PRESIDENT AND VICEPRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, each for the term beginning March 4, 1913, and shall be entered, together with a list of the votes, on the Journals of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The count of the electoral vote having been completed, and the result announced, the joint meeting of the two houses was dissolved, and "The Senate returned to its Chamber." SALARY OF THE PRESIDENT. The salary of the President of the United States was the cause of discussion in the First Congress, in view of the fact that the Constitution declared that the President should receive compensation for his services. Washington had notified his fellow citizens that he desired no salary. The limits suggested in Congress ranged from $15,000 to $70,000. The salary was finally placed at $25,000 and this remained the compensation until President Grant's second term (March 3, 1873), when it was increased to $50,000, Chapter 2918 of the Laws of the Second Session of the Fifty-ninth Congress, approved March 4, 1907, appropriated for travelling expenses of the President of the United States, to be expended at his discretion and accounted for by his certificate solely, $25,000.” In the Second Session of the Sixtieth Congress the matter of increasing the President's salary was again considered, and it was decided that the President's salary be fixed at $75,000 a year. REFERENCE NOTES TO THE TWO FOLLOWING PAGES. *The candidates starred were elected. (a) The first Republican Party is claimed by the present Democratic Party as its progenitor. (b) No candidate having a majority of the electoral vote, the House of Representatives elected Adams, (c) Candidate of the Anti-Masonic Party. (4) There being no choice, the Senate elected Johnson. (e) Eleven Southern States, being within the belligerent territory, did not vote. (f) Three Southern States disfranchised. (g) Horace Greeley died after the election, and Democratic electors scattered their votes. (h) There being a dispute over the electoral vote of Florida, Louisiana, Oregon, and South Carolina, they were referred by Congress to an electoral commission composed of eight Republicans and seven Democrats, which, by a strict party vote, awarded 185 electoral votes to Hayes and 184 to Tilden. (1) Free Democrat. (j) Free Silver Prohibition Party. (k) In Massachusetts. There was also a Native American ticket in that State, which received 194 votes. (m) Middle of the Road or Anti-Fusion People's Party. (n) United Christian Party. (0) Union Reform Party. 752 Presidential Elections. NOTE. There is, properly speaking, no popular vote for President and Vice-President; the people vote for electors, and those chosen in each State meet therein and vote for the candidates for President and Vice-President. The record of any popular vote for electors prior to 1828 is so meagre and imperfect that a compilation would be useless. In most of the States, for more than a quarter century following the establishment of the Government, the State Legislatures "appointed " the Presidential electors, and the people therefore voted only indirectly for them, their choice being expressed by their votes for members of the Legislature. In this tabulation only the aggregate electoral votes for candidates for President and Vice-Presi dent in the first ten quadrennial elections appear. ELECTORAL VOTES. 1789. Previous to 1304, each elector voted for two can didates for President. The one who received the largest number of votes was declared President, and the one who received the next largest number of votes was declared Vice-President. The electoral votes for the first President of the United States were: George Washington, 69; John Adams, of Massachusetts, 24; John Jay, of New York, 9; R. H. Harrison, of Maryland, 6: John Rutledge, of South Carolina, 6; John Hancock, of Massachusetts, 4; George Clinton, of New York, 3; Samuel Huntingdon, of Connecticut, 2; John Milton, of Georgia, 2; James Armstrong, of Georgia; Benjamin Lincoln, of Massachusetts, and Edward Telfair, of Georgia, 1 vote each. Vacancies (votes net cast), 4. George Washington was chosen President and John Adams Vice-President. 1792. George Washington, Federalist, received 132 votes; John Adams, Federalist, 77; George Clinton, of New York, Republican (a), 50; Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, Republicao, 4; Aaron Burr, of New York, Republican, 1 vote. Vacancies, 3. George Washington was chosen President and John Adams Vice-President. 1796. John Adams, Federalist, 71; Thomas Jefferson, Republican, 68; Thomas Pinckney, of South Carolina, Federalist, 59; Aaron Burr, of New York, Republican, 30; Samuel Adams, of Massachusetts, Republican, 15; Oliver Ellsworth, of Con necticut, Independent, 11; George Clinton, of New York, Republica n, 7; John Jay, of New York, Federalist, 5; James Iredell, of North Carolina, Federalist, 3; George Washington, of Virginia; John Henry, of Maryland, and S. Johnson, of North Caro lina, all Federalists, 2 votes each; Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, of South Carolina, Federalist, 1 vote. John Adams was chosen President and Thomas Jefferson Vice-President. 1800. Thomas Jefferson, Republican, 73; Aaron Burr, Republican, 73; John Adams, Federalist, 65; Charles C. PinckThere being a tie vote for Jefferson and Burr, the choice devolved upon the ney, Federalist, 64; John Jay, Federalist, 1 vote. House of Representatives. Jefferson received the votes of ten States, which, being the largest vote cast for a candidate, elected him President. Burr received the votes of four States, which, being the next largest vote, elected him Vice-President. There were 2 blank votes. 1804. The Constitution of the United States having been amended, the electors at this election voted for a President and a Vice-President, instead of for two candidates for President. The result was as follows: For President, Thomas Jefferson, Republican, 162; Charles C. Pinckney, Federalist, 14. For Vice-President, George Chinton, Republican, 162; Rufus King, of New York, Federalist, 14. Jefferson was chown President and Clinton Vice-President. 1808. For President, James Madison, of Virginia, Republican, 122; Charles C. Pinckney, of South Carolina, Federalist, 47; George Clinton, of New York, Republican, 6. For Vice-President, George Clinton, Republican, 113; Rafus King, of New York, Federalist. 47; John Langdon, of New Hampshire, 9 ; James Madison, 3; James Monroe, 3. Vacancy, 1. Madison was chosen President and Clinton Vice-President. 1812. For President, James Madison, Republican, 128; De Witt Clinton, of New York, Federalist, 89. For Vice-President, Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, 131; Jared Ingersoll, of Pennsylvania, Federalist, 86. Vacancy, I. Madison was chosen President and Gerry Vice-President. 1816. For President, James Monroe, of Virginia, Republican, 183; Rufus King, of New York, Federalist, 34. For Vies President, Daniel D. Tompkins, of New York, Republican, 183; John Eager Howard, of Maryland, Federalist, 22; James Ross, of Pennsylvania, 5; John Marshall, of Virginia, 4; Robert G. Harper, of Maryland, 3. Vacancies, 4. Monroe was chosen President and Tompkins Vice-President. 1820. For President, James Monroe, of Virginia, Republican, 231; John Q. Adams, of Massachusetts, Republican, 1. For Vice-President, Daniel D. Tompkins, Republican, 218; Richard Stockton, of New Jersey, 8; Daniel Rodney, of Delaware, 4; Robert G. Harper, of Maryland, and Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania, 1 vote each. Vacancies, 3. James Monroe was chosen President and Daniel D. Tompkins Vice President. 1824. For President, Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, Republican, 99; John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, Republican, 84; Henry Clay, of Kentucky, Republican, 37; William H. Crawford, of Georgia, Republican, 41. No candidate having a majority of the electoral vote, John Quincy Adams was elected by the House of Representatives. For Vice-President, John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, Republican, 182; Nathan Sanford, of New York, Republican, 30; Nathaniel Macon, of North Carolina, Republican, 24; Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, Republican, 13; Martin Van Buren, of New York, Republican, 9; Henry Clay, of Kentucky, Republican, 2; Calhoun was chosen Vice-President. ELECTORAL AND POPULAR VOTES. Martin Van Buren Eleo-f Polit- Candidates for 178 John C. Calhoun 219 M. Van Buren, 7 Amos Elmaker (c).. 1:0 R. M. Johnson (d)* 234 John Tyler*. L, W. Tazewell.. 163 Millard Fillmore, 1,237,243 38,175 James G. Birney. N. Y.. Lib 1848. La 62,300 1,360,101 139,557 N. Y..F. Soil. 291,263 220,896 254 William R. King 1852...... Zachary Taylor*, Franklin Pierce. N. H.. Dem.. 1,601,474] N. J.. Whig 1,380,576 N. H..F.D. (0) Mass.. Whig.. 49 William A. Graham.... N. C.. Whig. F. D... 1880. 1884. 1888.... 1892. 1896.... 1900.. 1904... Charles O'Conor. James Black. Ky.. I.. Rep... Thomas A. Hendricks.. Ind... B. Gratz Brown. Rep 2,216,067 407,342 e 212 Andrew Johnson*. Dem.. Mo Dem.. Charles J. Jenkins.....Ga.. David Davis...... Dem.. 29,408 Samuel J. Tilden... N. Y.. Dem.. 4,284,885 250,935 Rutherford B. Hayes..O.. Peter Cooper.... James B. Walker. James A. Garfield*, John G. Woolley.. Wharton Barker.. Theodore Roosevelt*. Rep... 4,933,950 N. Y.. Gre'nb Ky. Proh.. 9,522 Amer.. Rep... 4,449,053 2,636 Ο 7,018 Pa Dem 4,442,035 Iowa... Gre'nb 307,306 Me.... Vt..... Amer.. Proh.. 10,305 707 184 T. A. Hendricks...... h 185 William A. Wheeler*. Gideon T. Stewart 214 Chester A. Arthur B. J. Chambers... S. C. Pomeroy. 168 Allen G, Thurman... 277 Adlai E, Stevenson”. 292 Theodore Roosevelt Eugene V. Debs. Silas C. Swallow.. 31,949 1908..... William H. Taft *. William J. Bryan... Rep... 7,678,908 1,269,804 321 James S. Sherman*. Ind.... Soc.... 420,793 Ariz... Proh 253,840 Ind.... Peo.... N. Y... Soc. L. 13,825 Donald L. Munro. Va.... Soc. L. Mass.. Ind.... 82,872 901,873 Emil Seidel. August Gillhaus..... Cal Prog.. N. Y.. Soc. L. 83 0.. ::: The candidates starred were elected, |