this extract from the Journal of General Gourgaud Napoleon wished to die that fatal day With his bold grenadiers—but ran away! Yet, lest the spotless reputation of Buonaparte should suffer from this reverse, we will quote the passages, to show that he was wrongfully beaten : to his Travels in Russia. By Frederick books and of men. His first Embassy to Russia in 1517, required considerable courage; for the terIn Baron Herberstein and his works we ror which the idea of that country inspired, have a twofold example of the fate which had caused several persons to refuse or to frequently attends the reputation both of elude it: the object of it was also very diffiwhich he rendered to Austria in his nego- Czar, Basil Iwanowitz, waged a cruel war The great services cult. Sigismund, King of Poland, and the ciations, procured him, in his own age, a against each other; it was necessary to see reputation more solid than brilliant, yet them both, and to incline them to peace. At It was not probable that the Duke of one which did not long survive him. His the same time it was proposed to strengthen Wellington, having the forest of Soignés works, particularly his "Memoirs upon the alliance of Austria with the two soveand Brussels in his rear, would give battle. Russia," his fairest title to glory, had in-seigns, which might render the EmbassaThat would not have been likely, even deed the greatest success when they ap- dor suspected by both: there were also though the contest had been wholly in Bel-peared in Germany and the North of some marriages to be negociated. It is gium; but it was absurd to suppose he Europe: they were soon translated into therefore not surprising that Herberstein, would do so when the French army formed the Bohemian language, and even into Ita- after having incurred the greatest dangers, the whole of the disposable forces of the lian, but they have remained almost wholly and passed above six months at Moscow, Emperor; while the hostile armies formed unknown since the end of the 16th cen- reaped but little advantage from his labours. only one third of the forces leagued against tury; and it is but now that we may pre- He did much by insinuating himself into sage the revival of the reputation of their the good opinion of two violent Princes, author. who detested each other, and thus paving bassy. In this first visit, he began to culthe way for the success of the second Emlect materials for the great work which will immortalize him. France. Yet into this absurdity the Duke fell, as if for no other reason than to frustrate his adversary's intention of sleeping at Brussels : Napoleon supposed that Blücher would not have given battle at Ligny, nor the Duke of Wellington at Quatre Bras. Their armies ought to have united, and evacuated Belgium without loss, in order to wait the arrival of the armies of Russia and Austria on the Meuse. That is, they ought to have done what their enemy calculated upon, and not only retired without a contest, but have left him Belgium to "rise in mass," as the General tells us it would have done. With all their acuteness, these Frenchmen seem to have made the greatest mistake in estimating the characters of their opponents, Wellington and Blücher. But it would be idle to dwell on the futility and folly of General Gourgaud's narrative, the essence of which is fairly sampled in the following title to Chap ter XII. Empire of Russia, has employed the pen Herberstein was born at Wippach, in Car- The death of Maximilian, in 1519, was the occasion of Herberstein's mission to Spain, where he went to carry Charles V. the homage of the States of Austria. In 1521, the Archduke Ferdinand, who governed the States of Austria, retained Herberstein in his service, and sent him, in 1526, on his second embassy to Russia, with another negotiator from Charles the Fifth. This second Embassy had nearly the same object as the first; but it was more successful, since, in another stay of six months at Moscow, he concluded between Russia and Poland, if not a treaty of perpetual peace, at least a preliminary truce for five years. He was besides loaded with favours and presents by the Czar, who admitted him to his hunting parties and all his pleasures. the most interesting to us, on account of the But if this second Embassy to Russ'a is light which it throws on the state of that vast country in the 16th century, his Emmost honour as a statesman, and was the most advantageous to his country. All the writings of that time agree that the Austriau monarchy owed its safety to his eloquence, and his rare talents as a negociator. The Emperor having abdicated, the An-him in the sequel. At his return from Lo-bassy to Soliman is that which did him the glo-Belgic and Prussiau armies imprudently advance upon Paris. This manœuvre, which ought to have led to their ruin, proved completely successful. retto he seriously began his studies in the house of his parents, and went to finish them at Vienna, where he obtained, when only sixteen, the degree of Bachelor of Arts. And this is the sum and substance of All this will appear the more surprising the whole book;-All that Buonaparte in a youth of that era, destined to the prodid was right, and should have succeed-fession of arms, which he followed for five ed, but it failed; and all that the Allies did was wrong, and should have failed, but it succeeded. "Ah! Napoleon, why didst thou not die at Waterloo," instead of helping General Gourgaud* to indite so silly a book at St. Helena ?— This scribbling hero has, we observe, been sent out of the country under the alien act, since the foregoing was written.-Ed. ANALYSIS OF THE JOURNAL DES SAVANS, FOR SEPTEMBER 1818. View of the Life of Siegmund Baron Von years, and distinguished himself in the war To form an idea of the labours and the We regret that our confined limits oblige particulars, in order to speak of Herberus entirely to pass over many interesting stein's chief claim to literary fame, which is his " Rerum Moscoviticarum Coinmentarii." Before him, there were very few works respecting Russia which could give any idea of it; and, indeed, none written expressly on that vast country. Herberstein, who knew Russian, was able, in his two Embassies to Moscow, not only to derive, from the conversation of the most énlightened inhabitants, authentic and positive information, but also to consult the unpublished annals of the Empire. So many means of obtaining information, added to the sagacity of the historian as an observer, must necessarily produce an ex ledge that this book is not free from errors, cellent work; in fact, the original Latin even then antiquated, and is now dern history of Russia; and it is proved intelligible. This is the more to be as he did not servilely translate his own work, but, leaving out several details of the original, inserted several others which are there omitted and yet the preference given by the editors to the version of Pantaleon has rendered that of Herberstein very scarce. : To shew the extreme importance of this work, which in Russia and Germany is looked upon as classical, it is sufficient to say, after M. Adelung, that the author has collected in it all that could be known in his times respecting the antiquities, the natural productions, the geography, and the history of Russia and the adjacent countries; that he gives the most extensive information of what it was, in respect to religion, government, war, and commerce; and lastly, that he draws a most faithful picture of the manners of the inhabitants. Without giving an extract from the extract already made by M. Adelung, we must observe, that geography is especially indebted to Herberstein. The maps which he gave of Russia were the first that appeared in Europe: he even endeavoured to compare the modern names of the rivers with those which they bore among the ancients; he first proved that the Wolga was the Rha of Ptolemy, that the Don was the Tanais, and the Niemen the Cronon. In his historical researches respecting the people in the neighbourhood of Russia, he has dwelt those still more by some appendixes, where he M. Adelung's style is perspicuous, but it There are, in this volume, two portraits of Herberstein, one representing him at the age of 61: it is not coloured. In the other, which is coloured, he is represented in the Russian dress which the Czar had given 31st October, from his voyage round the world, as naturalist on board the Rurik. (See Literary Gazette, Nos, 58, 87, 88.) M. Von Chamisso is to furnish contributions on Anthropology and Natural History, to the account of the Voyage preparing by the Commander, Lieutenant Von Kotzebue. He will also communicate various particulars relative to the languages of the islanders of the South Seas. Very important information may be expected from him, concerning the nations of Radach and the Caroline Islands. BURCKHARD AND HIS WORKS. The English African Association, which has so laudably exerted itself for the discovery of the interior of Africa, is now on the point of publishing, through its secretary, Mr. Hamilton, (the under secretary of of state, author of the Egyptiaca, and other valuable works,) authentic accounts of the incomparable Sheik Ibrahim, the highspirited traveller Burckhard. Burckhard, a Swiss by birth, belongs, however, as a sage, such as Cicero paints, qui omnem orbem terrarum unam urbem esse ducunt," to the whole human race. He was a younger son of the ancient and most respectable family of that name, and born at Zurich. Full of generous indignation at the idea of becoming, under the banners of Napoleon, an instrument of oppression, he came at the end of the year 1808 to England, where he was introduced by the venerable Sir Joseph Banks to the African Association. He considered the death of Mungo Park as doubtful; and the fate of Houghton, Hornemann, and Ledyard, did not deter him. His moral character, his robust constitution, his rare quickness of understanding, which facilitated the acquisition of every species of knowledge, made his engaging in the service of the African Association desirable to all parties, and he received from every quarter encouragement and assistance. He departed from England on the 2d of May, 1809, and arrived at Aleppo (by way of Malta) in the beginning of July. He passed the whole of the three following years in acquiring so thorough an acquaintance with the language, manners, &c. of the country, as to assimilate himself entirely with the native Arabs. At one time he made excursions to the Lesgians and Houran, at another visited the ruins of Palmyra and Balbeck, at another resided for whole months in the most northerly Pro chiefly on the Nogai Tartars, Casan him. At the end is a map of Muscovy, vinces of Syria, among the Turcomans. the Crimea, and of the Kingdoms of Political economy also would find valua ble data in this work. Herberstein gives an account of the commercial prohibitions, and of the monopolies exercised by the crown, of the rate of interest, the prices of grain, &C. To be just, we must acknow after that which Herberstein had engraved His journals and observations during these at Augsburg, and which merits the atten-years, which he called his apprenticeship, tion of geographers. (To be continued) ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. CAPTAIN KOTZEBUE'S VOYAGE. Berlin, 6th November. Our learned countryman, M. Von Chamisso, returned here in good health on the are all in the possession of the African Association. On the 18th June, 1812, he began his first journey to Cahira, from Damascus. Avoiding the beaten track from El-Arish, to the frontiers of Egypt, he went, disguised as a poor Bedouin, by Palestine, to the East of the Jordan, by way of Szalte, through Arabia Petræa, and the desert of El Ty. When he arrived at Cahira, on the 4th of September, he was fully deter mined to penetrate into the interior with When dying, he dictated "Let Mr. Hamil- WINDOWS IN MEN'S BREASTS. Near me stood a man on whom I had conferred the greatest obligations, who hoped that I would render him still further acts of service, and who was continually talking to me of his gratitude. Now gratitude is the memory of the heart, and, like the mental memory, may he expected to leave some traces on the organ which it affects. So at least philosophers explain the matter. Though far from suspecting the sentiments of my friend, I was pleased with this opportunity of ascertaining that my obligatious had not been bestowed on one who was unworthy of them. I looked at his heart; but what was my astonishment to find it was as smooth as polished marble,my favours had made not the slightest impression on it. A gentleman entered with his wife; their hearts were perfectly tranquil. A young officer appeared. The heart of one of the couple became agitated. It was not the husband's. At this moment a foreign Ambassador was announced. Excellent! thought I, I shall now have the key to all the cabinets in Europe. But how was I diappointed! It was the most impenetrable heart that The idea, though not new, of the effect can be imagined-an absolute labyrinth. I of a little window in front of the human beheld nothing but folds above folds—a breast, was lately started in one of our pub-mass of intrigues and subterfuges. I turned, lic journals. The notion so pleased me, and perceived another heart, which I hoped that it was continually running in my mind; I should be able to comprehend with less I thought of nothing but Richeraud and difficulty. It was light and slippery, and Hervey reading the heart of a living man. continually in motion. I was curious to How happy should we have been, thought know whether it had ever received a wound; I, had nature, more skilful than our surOur Traveller collected also for the Asso-geons and anatomists, made such a window ciation, Glossaries of African Languages, before every heart? Ridiculous idea! for which he obtained by questioning the na- if the heart could be seen like the face, it tives who visited Egypt, during his forced would soon become deceitful and hypocristay in that country, also 999 Arabian Pro- tical, and we should gain nothing after all. verbs, with an English Commentary; and Be that as it may, I could think on nothing made a translation of a burlesque Epic else, and the consequence was, that the Poem, in the popular language of Cahira, other night I had a dream on the subject, the subject of which is a contest between which, with your permission, I will relate. Wine and Bast, (this is the name of all in- I presume you have no objection to insert a toxicating preparations of hemp seeds and Dream in your paper, for many large voopium, in that country.) Even these col- lumes contain nothing else; and I am sure lections are highly valuable, and shew that it is no unusual thing to find a dream in a if his life had been prolonged, he would periodic journal. My dream was as folhave become one of the most instructive lows:travellers that ever visited these countries. Burckhard's last writing was composed in May 1817. From that time he made all preparations for penetrating into the interior of Africa, with a Caravan, which was destined for Murzuck. But on the 5th of October 1817, after he had been walking, full of health and spirits, with the British Consul general, Mr. Salt, in his garden, he was seized with so dreadful a dysentery, that, notwithstanding all the exertions of Dr. Richardson, travelling physician to Lord Belmore, who happened to be on the spot, he died on the 15th of the same month. According to his last will, he was buried as Sheik Ibrahim, with Mahometan ceremonies. To his friend Osman, an Englishnan, whom Mr. Salt had prevailed on the Pacha to release from slavery, he bequeathed 1000 piastres, and remembered is faithful servant and all his other friends. I thought I had become prime minister of a great and powerful kingdom. I gave a grand entertainment. The party was numerous, and every one present had, without knowing it, the little window above mentioned in front of his breast. I com I first observed two learned men, who were, to all appearance, on very good terms with each other, for they were inseparable during the whole evening. One was on the eve of publishing a new work. plimented him on his production, and promised to speak favourably of it to the king. At that moment I observed a gentle swelling of his heart. The thing was perfectly natural, and it was only what I expected; but I was not a little astonished to observe a kind of contracting motion in the heart of the other. His breathing was suspended, and I may almost say that he appeared to be stifled by the success of his friend. it had received a thousand-but they were all so slight that scarcely a scar was visible. They appeared merely like the pricks of a pin. Several gay gentlemen, however, flattered themselves that they had riveted this heart, but they were deceived. Cupid was out of humour with it, and resolved to be revenged. One of his arrows yet remained untried. It was a golden one, and golden arrows seldom miss their aim. The heart of the fair lady was pierced through and through. In one corner of the drawing-room sat a philosopher, who was far from being displeased at the notice he attracted. Philanthropy (formerly we should have called it humanity) was his whim. He thought of nothing but charitable institutions, Lancasterian schools, and soup establishments for the poor. A good action in which he did not participate gave him pain. I looked through the little window: his heart was distended to the utmost, but like a balloon, it was filled only with air. I detest hypocrites in morality, and coxcombs in virtue; but cold and insensible hearts please me as little. I had now one of the latter class before me. It was as smooth and as hard as stone; and had never been moved by any generous sentiment. It was not the heart of a Jew of the Hebrew race (for they are no worse than other people, and do not deserve the insults that are directed against them,) but of a Christian Jew, a money-lender and contractor. It may naturally be supposed that in so brilliant a party, some distinguished lite- | I turned to another, who was not a writer of poetry, but who took upon himself to judge of the productions of others. He was a philologist and critic by profession. I observed on his heart only a few livid spots, like those which are produced by envy; and some drops of gall were emitted on every motion of the organ. But though I was unfortunate enough to meet with so many black and impure hearts, it must be acknowledged that there were among the company some of a very opposite stamp. One person in particular deeply excited my interest, and whose heart I was for some time afraid to look at, lest it should not prove as amiable as I wished. She was a young lady about 17 years of age, beautiful as an angel, and as modest as she was beautiful. She had not yet uttered a word. What was my joy and astonishment! Her heart was the purest and most candid of any one present. It scarcely appeared to throb, yet it was evident, that when the young lady opened her mouth, it would fly to her lips. I watched the motion of her eyes, and they at length met mine. I was young, for we are always young in our dreams. She blushed, and at that moment an arrow, darting from I know not whence, struck her heart, and inflicted a deep wound. It was the first she had ever received. The blood which flowed from it was like that of the Goddess wounded by Diomede. I wished to examine what was passing in my own heart, for I thought I felt the counter-stroke of the dart which had pierced hers. I looked in vain through the little window in my own breast-the glass was obscure and tarnished-a thick mist seemed to be before it. Thus no mortal can read his own heart! Foundation; The Hon. Charles Percy, of Christ | ton's Repulse Bay, and, a few degrees to CAMBRIDGE, NOVEMBER 13. MASTERS OF ARTS.-The Rev. Francis Evans, BACHELORS IN CIVIL LAW.-Thomas Richard BACHELOR OF ARTS.-Charles Edward Long, The subject of the Norrisian prize essay ARTS AND SCIENCES. THE POLAR EXPEDITION. In our last we mentioned the return of Captain Ross, with the two ships under his command, from Baffin's Bay. The statement put forth to the public, on this occasion, in the Newspapers, is, that clusion that THE FINE ARTS. BRITISH GALLERY. We were much gratified with a recent short visit to this National Gallery, where not only a number of our young. fair, and rising Ártists are engaged in studying the noble specimens left for their use, but even some of our best Painters have been availing themselves of the opportunity for improving their talent. And it is perhaps an evidence of as much judgment as modesty in such men, to feel that it is never too late for improvement. True genius of its weakness; and it is rather a proof knows its strength, but it is also conscious of presumption than of excellence, to conceive ourselves above instruction, On the day on which we glanced over the "Captain Ross has completely succeeded Gallery, no fewer than fifty-four artists in exploring every part of Baffin's Bay, and, were employed in imitating, taking sketches with the exception of errors in the latitudes from, and copying the immortal works beand longitudes, of verifying the statements fore them. Their accommodations seemed of that old and able navigator whose name to be perfect, and every facility afforded, it bears, and of ascertaining that no pas- not only to gather inspiration, but mesage exists between the Atlantic and Pacific chanical knowledge, from the greatest speOceans through Davis's Straits and Baffin's cimens of the greatest masters of their art. Bay, the whole being found to be sur-Our pleasure at beholding the busy and rounded by high land, extending to the intelligent throng, and in fancying how north as far as lat. 77. 55. and long. 76. W.: much reputation to them, and fame to their and in the 74th degree of latitude, stretch- country, might result from these labours, Nemone in sese possit descendere! nemo! ing westward as far as 84. W. longitude. is not casily described. We will not adThey traced the same the whole way down minister to vanity, by flattering these indiThis reflection vexed me: I became irri- to the Cape Walsingham of Davis, which viduals with the idea of becoming Raftated: I awoke, and had the mortification they ascertained to lie in lat. 66. and long. faelles and Titians, but we will assure them to find that with my dream had vanished 60.; from hence they steered for Resolu- that there never would have been either a the sweetest illusion of my whole life!tion Island, and then stood homeward. Raffaelle or a Titian without the painful They have made many curious observations and fatiguing pursuit of practices similar to and discoveries, of which, perhaps, will not those in which they were occupied. be considered as the least interesting, that Many of their productions, as we obof a nation being found to inhabit the Arc-served them hastily, seemed to possess untic regions, between the latitudes of 76. and common merit. 78., who thought that the world to the South was all ice; that generation had suc From a Flemish Journal. Perseus, LEARNED SOCIETIES. OXFORD, NOVEMBER 14. Thursday, in Congregation, the follow-ceeded generation of a people who had ing Degrees were conferred:BACHELOR AND DOCTOR IN DIVINITY.-The Rev. George Radcliffe, M.A. and Student in Divinity, of Brasennose College. MASTERS OF ARTS:-Rev. Thomas Watkin Richards, Fellow of Queen's College, on the New never tasted the fruits of the earth, had no The Gallery, we were informed by its obliging Keeper, closes on the 5th of December; and the studies will be exhibited to the Governors, Subscribers, &c. on the 8th, 9th, and 10th. We are much mistaken if it does not display what will delight every lover of our Native School, considered either in the light of progress made, or of promise given. PORTRAITS, &c. The letters from Aix-la-Chapelle continue to speak of Sir Thomas Lawrence's progress in taking the portraits of the Sovereigns and most distinguished Statesmen assen bled at that city. The Emperor Francis is in a Field-Marshal's uniform, and covered with Orders: report says, a spirited and admirable likeness. Prince Metternich and Prince Hardenberg have given several sittings. And the Spirit that sate on her soft blue eye, Like slaves they obeyed her in height of power, 'Tis Woman alone, with a firmer heart, ture portrait of Shakspeare, in the style of 1817. W. mother of Sir James Bland Burgess. There SKETCHES TAKEN FROM DOVER CASTLE seems to be no good ground for calling this picture a likeness of Shakspeare, as it may with equal or rather greater probability be ascribed to any individual of the era to which it belongs. A more recent resuscitation of a treasure in the Arts is mentioned in a letter from Brussels, which asserts, that an English gentleman there has rescued from oblivion an original picture of Vandyke, representing the interesting scene of our immortal Shakspeare-"Hamlet contemplating the skull of Yorick." The picture was accidentally discovered among the rubbish of a coach-house at Brussels; but so completely covered with dust and dirty varnish, that it was scarcely visible. On its being carefully cleaned, it was found to be in perfect preservation-the colouring as fresh and brilliant as it came from the easel of the painter. It is half-length, the countenance of Hamlet full of expression; the hands touched with all the truth of nature, and with the exquisite delicacy of the pencil of Vandyke. This picture is now ascertained to have formerly belonged to the Count Aylesbury, who married the Princess of Horne, and that it was originally painted for Charles I. by Vandyke, when he ws in England. Walpole, in his "Anecdotes of Paintings in England," mentions, that after the King's death many of his finest pictures were taken away by his servants for their wages, and carried into Holland and Flanders, where they were sold. Upon this story we shall merely observe, that it must be impossible to practise any deception with respect to such a painting, as this is described to be, by Vandyke. The works of that master are not to be forged with success; and when once seen, this picture will either establish itself at first sight as genuine, or be classed with the older impostures of the Brussels Gazet'e. ORIGINAL POETRY. [Literary Gazette.] thou shalt stand A Deity, sweet wOMAN, and be worshipped. Ford. Gone from her cheek is the summer bloom, And her breath hath lost all its faint perfume, And the gloss hath dropped from her golden hair, And her forehead is pale, tho' no longer fair :- DURING A STORM. That eve they anchor'd, from th' horizon's hem And angry blast which scream'd thro' sail and Had sported thrice three summer suns away roam The temperate breeze their sun-bronz'd temples The deep, can prize a harbour and a home! blessing The painted pinnace dancing from the land Yet felt he more than ever sprang from these, mother, Joy mark'd the hours pursuing one another- This was a day of banqueting on board; The flag flaps o'er them like a crimson cloud. Their incense, fresh as zephyrs when they rove Among the blossoms of a citron grove: Soft sounds (invisible spirits on the wing) Were heard and felt around them hovering: The wand-struck deck becomes an orient bower! In short, some magic seem'd to sway the hour, A very wilderness of blushing roses, Just such as Love' would chuse when he reposes, Hangs like Hesperian gold; and, tied in slicaves, The pendant orange from a lush of leaves Carnations prop their triple coronals: The grape, out-peeping from thick foliage, falls Like cluster'd amethysts in deep festoons; And shells are scatter'd round which Indian moons Had sheeted with the silver of their beams: Perform its office-feeling's telegraph! But O, what, more than all, the scene beseems, Impassion'd smiles, and tears of rapture starting-Fair, faultless forms, glide there with wing-like Oh, how unlike the tears which fell at parting! And all were their's-that good ship's gallant Of blood into the check, as it would rush With the heart's welcome ere the tongue could half |