The Merchant Fleets of the World Source: Lloyd's Register of Shipping; figures cover vessels of 100 tons or over On 1892. 1893 No. of Gross On No. of Gross 30,997 65,576,612 30,979 64,885,972 30,923 65,063,643 29,255 50,919,273 1931 31,983 23,672,698 1904.. 29,283 34,786,132 1916...30,167 48,683,136 1928. 31,926 24,236,865 1905...29,750 35,998,180 1917.. 1929. 1894 30,640 24,547,597 1906. 30,087 37,550,477 1918 1930 1895 30,288 25,086,199 1907 30,197 39,435,788 1919 1896 29,801 25,593,186 1908...30,524 40,920,551 1920 1897 28,280 25,889,044 1909.. 30,536 41,447,825 1921 1898. 27,982 26,543,360 1910...30,053 41,912,520 1922. 1899...27,816 27,613,851 1911... 30,082 43,144,909 1923.. 1900...27,840 28,957,358 1912.. 30,316 44,600,677 1924. 1901 1902 On July 1 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920. 1921 19 2 31,595 57,314,065 1932...32,247 69,734,310 Italy Belgium Tons 276,427 272,160 233,606 28,209 30,479,971 1913...30,591 46,970,113 1925...32,916 64,641,418 1937 29,524 65,271,440 28,630 32,302,412 1914...30,836 49,089,552 1926.. 29,409 66,870,151 1903.28.901 33,501,855 1915...30.720 49,261,769 1927 32,175 65,192,910 1939... 29,763 68,509,432 GROSS TONNAGE OF MERCHANT FLEETS OF CHIEF NATIONS U. S. Gr. Brit. Germany France Japan Norway Holland Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons 8,389,429 19,541,368 4,706,027 2,285,728 1,826 068 2,529,188 1,522,547 1,736,545 8,469,649 19,134,857 4,151,552 2,216,643 1,847,453 2,771,022 1,508,916 1,896,534 8,871,037 19,637,418 3,156,008 2,152,524 2,059,C01 2,307,164 1,552,382 1,757,605 9,924,518 21,035,149 3,225,294 2,029,884 2,299,405 1,806,576 1,288,245 1,283,790 12,907,300 16,555,471 3,503,380 2,233,631 2,325,266 1,857,829 1,591,911 1,370,097 16,324,024 18,330,424 672,671 3,245,194 2,995,878 2,114,190 1,848,348 2,406,958 17,026,002 19,571,554 717,450 3,652,249 3,354,806 2,584,058 2,225,787 2,650,573 16,986,196 19,295,637 1,887,408 3,845,792 3,586,918 2,600,861 2,632,713 2,866,335 16,952,018 19,281,549 2,590,073 3,737,244 3,604,147 2,551,912 2,625,741 3,033,742 15,956,967 19,105,838 2,953,671 3,498,233 3,842,707 2,505,393 2,556,417 2,832,212 15,377,480 19,440,711 3,073,713 3,511,984 3,919,807 2,680,642 2,600,831 3,028,661 14,797,717 19,399,797 3,110,918 3,490,606 3,967,617 2.841,905 2,564,904 3,240,630 14,585,300 19,309,022 3,363,046 3,469.980 4,033,304 2,824,225 2.654,003 3,483,383 14,537,958 19,875,350 3,777,251 3,344,465 4,139,815 2,968,207 2,816,705 3,428,817 14,377,114 20,166,331 4,092,552 3,378,663 4,186,652 3,224,493 2,939,067 3,284,660 13,946,846 20,438,444 4,229,235 3,530,879 4,316,804 3,668,289 3,086,315 3,331,226 13,642,183 23.379,999 4,254,601 3,566,227 4,276,341 4,065,506 3,118,170 3,335,673 13,546,620 22,784,383 4,164,842 3,557,006 4,255,014 4,166,839 2,963,840 3,390,572 13,357,799 21,819,687 3,901,274 3,512,219 4,258,159 4,079,540 2,765,457 3,149,807 13,045,037 20,841,218 3,690,990 3,298,053 4,072,707 3,981,354 2.618,016 2,928,396 12,852,250 20,510,921 3,703,662 3,025,136 4,085,650 3,967,972 2,558,383 2,884,406 402,221 12,556,563 20,385,138 3,718,417 3,002.455 4,215,690 4,054,485 2,511,281 3,098,159 388,413 11,788,272 20,398,157 3,927,916 2,843,688 4,475,110 4,346,782 2,630,802 3,174,089 420,454 11,515,258 20,719,090 4,231,657 2,280,783 5,006,712 4.613,175 2,852,012 3,258,992 430,624 11.470.177 21.001.925 4,482,662 2,933,933 5.629,845 4,833,813 2.969,578 3,424,804 408,418 MERCHANT VESSELS LAUNCHED, BY COUNTRIES, 1920-1938 The United States Maritme Commission states that there are no later data. 63,323 1,101 2,690,580 24,300 444 1,545,196 Principal Rivers of the United States Source: U. S. Geological Survey, Army Engineer, and Weather Bureau records. Webster County, Miss. Junction of East and West Forks, Rey- Junction of Locust and Mulberry Forks, Junction of Salt and Double Mountain Chatham County, N. C.. Dodge County, Minn Junction of South Fork and Beaver Creek, Junction of East and West Forks, Sawyer] Colfax County, N. Mex Silver Bow County, Mont. Rocky Mountain National Park, Colo. Columbia Lake, British Columbia Junction of Etowah and Oostanaula Junction of Poor and Clover Forks, Har- Junction of East and West Branches, at Lava Lake, Deschutes County, Oreg. Junction of Mud and Camp Creeks, Fay- Columbia County, Wis. Junction of North and West Forks, Tran sylvania County, N. C. Lincoln County, Ky. Junction of Taylor and East Rivers, Gun- Junction of North and South Forks, Sul- Wells County, North Dakota Junction of Jackson and Cowpasture Blue Mountains, Grant County, Oreg. Junction of North and South Forks of Junction of North and Middle Forks, Lee Lake Ewauna, Klamath Falls, Oreg. Junction of Flint and Chattahoochee Rivers, Seminole County, Ga. Lake County, Colo. Junction of Wind and Popo Agle Rivers, Gulf of Mexico.. 90 500 1,450 330 336 White River.... 280 Tombigbee River.. 178 Gulf of Mexico. 870 906 Deep Rivers, J. Potter County, Pa.. Lake Ontario. 144 Catron County, N. Mex. Junction of Wells and Trail Creeks, Sub- Milk.. Junction of Pemigewassett and Winnipe Al Minnesota.. Mississippi, Upper Big Stone Lake, Minn. Near Lake Itasca, Minn. Head of Passes. 2,470 Near Lake Itasca, Minn. To mouth of Missouri River. 1.205 GREAT RIVERS-(Continued) Source Source of Red Rock River, Mont. Junction of East and West Branches, Junction of West Fork and Tygart Rivers, Junction of Tuscarawas and Walhonding Junction of Eno and Flat Rivers, Durham Junction of North and South Forks, Ashe Niobrara County, Wyo.. Junction of Grizzly and Little Grizzly Junction of Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers, Pittsburgh, Pa. Potter County, Pa Junction of Elm and Onion Creeks, Lyon County, Kans. Mobile Bay Platte River.. Nueces Bay.. Mississippi River. Mississippi River. Missouri River. Red River.. Missouri River.. Chesapeake Bay 639 618 338 981 1,306 500 605 West Branches, 310 287 375 185 1,018 545 445 1,800 380 Faquier and Rappahannock Counties, Va, Junction of North and South Forks, Montgomery County, Va.. Washington County, Wis. Junction of South and Caddo Forks, Hunt County, Tex.. Siskiyou County, Calif. Upper St. Croix Lake, Wis. Iron County, Mo Lake Washington, Brevard County, Fla. Hillsdale County, Mich. Custer County. Idaho Junction of South and Middle Forks, Madera County, Calif. Silver Lake, Archuleta County, Colo Junction of Wateree and Congaree Rivers, Richland, S. C... McDowell County, N. C.. Near Tuscarora, Schuylkill County, Pa.. Auglaize County, Ohlo Junction of North and South Forks at Riverton, Va... Cheyenne County, Colo. Ocean Plateau, Teton County, Wyo. Junction of North and South Rivers at Port Republic, Va. Junction of South and Middle Forks, Park, County, Colo... Otsego Lake, Otsego County, N. Y Junction of North and Log Rivers, Charlton County, Ga. Tippah County, Miss. Near Embry in Paulding County, Ga. Yellowstone River. Mississippi River.. Kansas River... Ohio River.. Ohio River........ The length of a river is that of the channel to which the name generally is applied. The Snake River is in a definite canyon from Kinney Creek to the mouth of the Grande Ronde River, approximately 100 miles, although the designation Hell's Canyon might be applied to the 30 miles from Kinney Creek to Temperance Creek through which the river drops at the rate of about 1212 feet per mile. The width of the river through this part of the canyon varies from 100 to 500 feet. and the width of the canyon varies from 5 to 10 miles. The greatest width and greatest depth of Hell's Canyon is probably at He Devil, the elevation of which is 9,387 feet. The elevation of the Snake, northwest of He Devil, is 1,350 feet, making a difference in elevation, in 51⁄2 miles horizontally, of 8,037 feet. Albany.. Hudson Bay... 610 Jordan Dead Sea. Amazon.. Atlantic Ocean. 3,900 Kootenay. 1,500 La Plata.. 2,900 Lena.. Amu Darya Aral Sea Amur. Tartary Strait Athabaska. Lake Athabaskaj Back. Bra'putra Lgth River 950 405 390 325 1,750 200 Rio TheoColumbia Riv.. 400 dore RooseAtlantic Ocean. 2,300 velt (River Arctic Ocean...2,800 of Doubt). Riv. Madeira.. 75 Loire. Bay of Biscay 650 Saguenay St. Law. Riv... 765 Mackenzie. Beaufort Sea...2,525 St. John.... Bay of Fundy.. 605 Madeira....Amazon River.2,000 St. Law'nce Gulf St. Law...1,900 Bay of Bengal 1,680 Magdalena Caribbean Sea. 950 St. Maurice St. Law. Riv... Dnieper River. 500 Maros... Theiss River... 500 Salween ... Gulf of MartaVistula River.. 450 Marne. Hudson Bay...1,000 Mekong Atlantic Ocean. 2,900 Meuse. Black Sea 1,725 Murray. Murray River.1,160 Nelson Black Sea.. Northern. White Sea.. Darling Black Sea.. 1,400 Niger. 1,100 Ob. 450 Oder Orange. 400 Orinoco. 400 Ottawa. 700 Paraguay. Euphrates. Persian Gulf... 1,700 Parana.. Pacific Ocean. 695 Peace. 385 Red (of No.) Bay of Bengal.. 1,540 Po. Arabian Sea Hwang HoGulf of Chili. Indus 1,700 Rio Negro..Amazon River. 1,400 Zambezi.. Irrawaddy..Bay of Bengal..1,250 11 ban.... Arctic Ocean The source of the St. Lawrence River is in the State of Minnesota. The St. Lawrence is viewed as a part of the Great Lakes Waterway and its source is considered the head of the St. Louis River which feeds into Lake Superior. The St. Louis River rises in Minnesota. Area (sq. miles) of great river basins-Amazon (2,772,000); Congo (1,425,000); Nile (1,293,000); Mississippi (1,290,000); La Plata (1,198,000); Yangtze (689,000); Volga (592,000); St. Lawrence (565,200); Danube (320,300); Colorado (250,000); Rio Grande (232,300). † American span 800 ft.; Canadian, 750 ft. (See below.) Two suspension spans each 2,310 ft. long; three of 1,160 feet; and a cantilever span 1,400 ft. long. The Henry Hudson Arch, Bridge, New York City. has the longest plate girder, fixed steel arch in the world. The main central span is flanked by 300-ft. continuous steel girder viaducts of 60-ft. spans. The total length of steel is 1,555 feet and the total length of entire structure is 2,000 feet. Clearance, 142.5 feet, above high water; cost of lower level, $1,255,690; cost of upper level, $800,000. The upper level was opened in 1938. The $18,000,000 Bronx-Whitestone Bridge is a link in the Belt Parkway program of the City of New York. It connects the Belt Parkway from the northerly end of the Cross Island Parkway on the Easterly boundary of Queens, across the East River into the Bronx where it connects with Eastern Boulevard and with the projected southern extension of the Hutchinson River Parkway leading to Westchester, upstate, and Connecticut. The bridge is 4,000 feet long from anchorage to anchorage, with a main span of 2,300 feet. entire length including approaches, 7,140 feet; height of span above high water, 150 feet at center and 135 feet at Channel line near Bronx Shore. The bridge deck is 74 feet wide divided into two 29-ft roadways (separated by a curb) and two sidewalks. The towers are 377 feet high. The $35,000,000 Golden Gate Bridge (1933-1937) crosses the portal of the harbor of San Francisco. | Its towers are 746 feet high; the deck is 200 feet above high-water at the center of the span. Eleven lives were lost during construction--ten of them on Feb. 17, 1937, when dislodged wood and steel tore open the safety net underneath the span and carried the men down into the water. In the construction of the $77,000,000 cross-bay bridge which joins San Francisco and Oakland with a center rest on Yerba Buena Island, 24 persons were killed and over 1,100 were injured. The $60,000,000 Triborough Bridge at N. Y. City is a toll structure and consists of a suspension bridge of 1,380 ft. channel span and 705 ft. side spans over the East River at Hell Gate; a vertical lift bridge over the Harlem River with lift span of 310 ft.; fixed truss spans over the Bronx Kills with channel span of 350 ft.; plate girder viaduct structure in Queens, on Ward's and Randall's Island, over Little Hell Gate and in Manhattan, and with concrete viaduct construction at points in Queens, Manhattan and the Bronx and at the junction of the Manhattan branch with the Queens to Bronx branch on Randall's Island. The Thousand Islands International Bridge, formally opened on Aug. 18, 1938, extends from Collins Landing (near Alexandria Bay) in New York State to Ivy Lea (near Gananoque) in Ontario. This crossing, 81⁄2 miles long, utilizes the islands to reduce the span lengths required. The crossing over the American channel, from the mainland to Wells Island, consists of a suspension bridge 800 ft. main span, with an underclearance of 150 ft. above the river. The Canadian crossing includes: a continuous truss of two 300-ft. spans (from Hill Island to Constance Island), a steel arch of 348-ft. span (from Constance Island to Georgina Island), and a suspension bridge of 750-ft. span and 120 ft. underclearance from Georgina Island to the Ontario mainland. The boundary at the International Rift, between Wells Island and Hill Island. is bridged by a 90-ft. rigid frame arched span of reinforced concrete with masonry facing. Near Seattle, Wash., a "ribbon" of 100,000 tons of floating concrete, stretching out across Lake Washington, drew crowds on July 2, 1940, for its dedication as the first pontoon bridge of its kind in engineering history. Built by the state with Federal financing assistance, it is the longest pontoon bridge ever built and the first of reinforced concrete. With connecting highway links, the structure provides a cutoff of 15 miles in crossstate travel. The bridge is composed of 25 pontoons, each filled with watertight compartments. The pontoons are bolted together, and each has two or more 65-ton anchors, The four-lane bridge is more than a mile in length. The span, built in a year and a half, was financed by a P. W. A. grant of $3.794,000 and a bond issue of $5,500,000, to be retired by toll charges. The Calvin Coolidge Memorial Bridge, which crosses the Connecticut River near Northampton, Mass., was opened to traffic on Oct. 12, 1939. The Connecticut River Bridge, between Middletown and Portland, the largest bridge in New England, formally opened on Aug. 6, 1938, is of steel and concrete and cost $3,500,000. Including the approaches, it is 3,420 feet in length. A new bridge across the Mississippi River at La Crosse, Wis., was opened in Sept., 1939. It is of steel and concrete and is 2,206 feet long. One of Europe's longest bridges, 10,432 feet, completed in September, 1937, extends across the sound, between the Danish islands of Zealand and Falster. It cost about $8,844,000. |
