INCORPORATED PLACES HAVING 5,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE-Continued.

INCORPORATED PLACES HAVING 5,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE-Continued.

Not incorporated.

Texarkana, Tex., has 5.256; Texarkana, Ark., a separate incorporation, 4,914. Winston, 10,008; Salem, 3,642-separate places, but practically one town, having only one post-office, Winston-Salem. POPULATION OF NEW ENGLAND TOWNS NOT INCLUDED IN THE ABOVE TABULATION.

Foreign-Born Population of Largest Cities

OF THE UNITED STATES-CENSUS OF 1900.

* Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Includes Newfoundland.

Total foreign-born population of Allegheny, Pa., 30, 216; Atlanta, Ga., 2,531; Charleston, S. C., 2,592; Columbus, O., 12,328; Denver, Col., 25,301; Fall River, Mass., 50,042; Hartford, Ct., 23.758; Indianapolis, Ind., 17,122, Jersey City, N. J. 58,424: Kansas City, Mo., 18.410; Louisville, Ky., 21.427: Lowell, Mass., 40,974; Memphis, Tenn., 5,110; Minneapolis, Minn., 61,021; Newark; N... 71,363 New Haven, Ct., 30.802; Paterson, N. J., 38,791; Providence, R. I., 55.855; Rochester, N. Y., 40, 748; St. Paul, Minn., 46,819; Washington, D. C., 20,119; Worcester, Mass., 37,652.

The City of New York contains (1900) 786,435 persons of German parentage, wholly or in part; 725,511 of Irish parentage: 245, 525 of Russian: 218.918 of Italian; 204 109 of English and Scotch; 113,237 of Austrian; 53, 469 of Polish: 52.430 of Hungarian; 29,441 of French; 44,798 of Swedish; 170,084 of other foreign countries. Total, 2,643,957.

Ninety-four per cent, of the foreign-born population is resident in the Northern and 6 per cent. in the Southern States.

Of the population in the United States, in 1900. 34.8 per cent. was of wholly or partial foreign parentage. This includes 13.7 per cent, of foreign born.

Finances of Largest Cities

The Census Office under date of October 4, 1907, issued a Bulletin presenting official statistics relating to the finances of cities having a population of over 30,000. This Bulletin summarized the contents of the annual report of the Census Office and covered the year 1905.

POPULATION AND AREA.

The number of cities included in this report is 154, of which 15 had over 300,000 Inhabitants, 25 between 100,000 and 300,000, 47 between 50,000 and 100,000, and 67 under 50,000. Of the 154 cities, New York had the largest land area-209,218 acres; New Orleans stood second, with 125,600; Chicago third, with 117,447; Philadelphia fourth, with 81,828, and Duluth fifth, with 40,556. The five cities named were the only ones with over 40,000 acres of land surface. Six cities had over 30,000 acres and less than 40,000. They are St. Louis, Mo.; Washington, D. C.; Denver, Colo.; Des Moines, Iowa; St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minn., with areas in the order named. The other cities covering over 20,000 acres were, in the order of decreasing areas: San Francisco, Cal.; Salt Lake City, Utah; Taunton, Mass.; Sioux City, Iowa; Los Angeles, Cal.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Buffalo, N. Y.; Cleveland, Ohio; Boston, Mass.; Springfield, Mass.; Portland, Ore.; Worcester, Mass.. Superior Wis.; Detroit, Mich.; San Antonio, Texas; Fall River, Mass.; Wichita, Kans.; Manchester, N. H.; Seattle, Wash., and Haverhill, Mass.

There

The city having the smallest land area was Hoooken N. J., with 825 acres. is often great disproportion between the area covered by a city and the number of its inhabitants. Duluth, Minn., with 64.942 inhabitants, takes in more territory than St. Louis, with its 636,973; Salt Lake City, with a population of 6,554 less than Hoboken, includes an area thirty-five times as great. Of the cities containing over 100,000 population, Allegheny, Pa., had the smallest land area-4,726 acres. Paterson, N. J., had the next smallest-5.157 acres; St. Joseph, Mo., the next-6,240 acres; Atlanta, Ga.. the next-7,680; Jersey City, N. J., the next-8,320, and Memphis, Tenn., the next-0,772 acres.

COSTS OF GOVERNMENT.

The costs of government to the taxpayer were represented approximately for the several cities by what the Bureau of the Census calls "corporate payments." These payments exclude all temporary transactions and payments of one department or fund of the city to another. For the 154 cities they aggregated, in the fiscal year 1905, $572,960,113, of which those of New York City constituted $164,493,177, or 28.7 per cent.

Of the 154 cities whose statistics were presented in this special report, the Census had secured and presented in previous reports and bulletins of 1902, 1903 and 1904, the statistics of 148. The corporate payments for these cities for the four years, 1902 to 1905. were as follows: $468,747,556, $522,699,016, $553,229,200 and $569,503,687. The corporate payments or costs of government for these 148 cities for 1903, 1904 and 1905 were 11.5. 18 and 21.5 per cent greater, respectively, than for 1902. The corresponding payments for New York City in the four years mentioned were $129,095,546, $156,886,282, $167,060,171 and $164,493,177.

Of the total corporate payments of these 154 cities, 66.6 per cent. were for the current expenses of operation and maintenance, including the support of the departments and industries; 32.1 per cent. were for outlays, or improvements of a more or less permanent character; and 1.3 per cent. were for reduction of indebtedness. The corresponding percentages for the cities investigated in 1902 were 71.2 for expenses, 27.3 for outlays and 1.5 for reduction of debt. The relative increase of payments in the four years was, therefore, somewhat greater for permanent improvements than for mere expenses of operation and maintenance.

Of cities with an estimated population of over 300,000, the per capita corporate payments were largest in Boston and smallest in Milwaukee. Next in order, after Boston. were New York and Washington; and of the cities with small relative cost of government, New Orleans, Detroit and Chicago are close rivals with Milwaukee.

Of the payments for general expenses, 61.8 per cent. were for salaries and wages, and and 38.3, respectively. The per cents. of the total expenses formed by those of the principal departments or branches of service were as follows: Schools, 25.9; Police Department, 12.7; highways, 10.8; interest on public debt, 10.1; Fire Department, 9.5; general government, 9; sanitation, including costs of Health Department, sewers, etc.. $.s; charities, 5.7; recreation, including parks, 3; miscellaneous protection of life and property, 1.7; libraries, 1.2, and other unclassified, 1.6.

38.2 per cent. were for other purposes. In 1904 the corresponding percentages were 61.7

RECEIPTS.

During the fiscal year 1905 the corporate receipts for the 154 cities were $575,814,774. The corresponding receipts for the 148 cities for which the Bureau of the Census secured reports for the years 1902 to 1905 were as follows: $476,668,975, $528,586.954, $588,611.566 and $572,404,512. It is to be noted that these receipts were largest in 1904, and smallest in 1902. As compared with 1902, the receipts were greater by 10.9 per cent. in 1903, by 23.5 per cent. in 1904 and 20.1 per cent. in 1905.

Of the corporate receipts of the 154 cities in 1905, 66.5 per cent. were derived from general revenues, including taxes, licenses and kindred sources; 20.7 per cent. from cominercial revenues, including those from quasi private industries, and receipts in fees, charges, etc., for services performed, and 12.8 per cent. from loans which increased city indebtedness. The corresponding percentages for 1902 were 68.3, 19.3 and 12.4. These percentages indicate a slight tendency for the receipts from commercial revenues and from loans to increase faster than those from general revenues, or from taxation.

Of the commercial revenues, the most important were those derived from quasi private Industries operated by cities. Of these industries, city water-works take the first place. and docks and wharves the second. The total municipal income from water-works in 1905 was $47,657,957, of which amount New York City received $9,748,870. The aggregate

FINANCES OF LARGEST CITIES-Continued,

receipts from docks and wharves were $3,458,058, of which amount New York City received $3,097,950.

Of the general revenue receipts, $309,441.271 were derived from general property taxes and from penalties for delayed payment thereof; $9.858,582 were from special property and business taxes; $1,063,922 from poll taxes, and $87,032,593 from licenses and permits, of which amount $29,616,245 were derived from liquor licenses and taxes. The amount of $2,875,882 was received from fines and forfeits; $24,029,267 from subventions and grants from other civil divisions and from private donations and gifts, and $194,018 was obtained from miscellaneous sources.

MUNICIPAL QUASI PRIVATE INDUSTRIES.

The report presented a number of tables relating to the operation of quasi private industries by the 154 cities. Among those tables was one giving detailed data relating to the value, indebtedness, earnings, costs of operation and earning capacity of the waterworks of the several cities. The table showed the earning capacity of these water-works on three different bases: (1) Excess of actual receipts from the public over the actual payments for operating expenses; (2) excess of the actual receipts from the public, plus an estimated charge for the value of water used by the city for public purposes, over the actual payments for operating expenses, plus an allowance of 3 per cent. of the value of the plant this allowance being for depreciation and Sinking Fund provisions, and (3) excess of the receipts, etc., as in (2), over the costs and allowance given in (2), plus an estimate of the taxes which the city would have received had the industry been operated as a private enterprise. On the three bases, as above described, there was computed the principal which would produce the resulting excess of receipts if that principal earned the rate per cent, which the individual city pays on its outstanding indebtedness.

A

The total reported present value of water-works in these 154 cities was $535.957,239; the outstanding indebtedness incurred by reason of water-works was $270,733,611. The carning capacity on the basis first described was $593,858,778; on the basis described under (2) it was $354,170,467; while on the basis last described it was only $199,263,378. few cities showed no earning capacity on any of these bases, and only a very few showed such capacity, on the third basis, equal to the cost, or even to the reported valuation of the plant. Among the cities last referred to was New York, with water-works which were reported to have cost $139,085,000, and whose present value was returned as $74,672,OST: these water-works had an earning capacity on basis (1) of $195,592,617, on basis (2) of $151,876,794, and on basis (3) of $119,043.029. Another such city was Chicago, with water-works whose cost and present value were both reported as $39.099,236; these waterworks had an earning capacity on basis (1) of $62,569,250, on basis (2) of $46,267,925, and on basis (3) of $42,172,250.

The reports stated that a great difficulty was experienced in obtaining comparative statistics of the cost of quasi private industries, principally because of the lack of uniformity in the methods of public accounting. Scarcely any two industries are operated with the same concept of the end to be obtained or the results to be secured in order that the management may be called a success.

The value of all properties of quasi private industries at the close of the fiscal year 1905 was $831.368.707. The outstanding indebtedness on their account was reported as $445,572,406, showing that, taken as a whole, the 154 cities had earned from revenues nearly one-half of the costs of these industrial plants. This large relative payment for the plants of quasi private industries, and the small relative amount of bonded indebtedness by reason of their establishment, is in marked contrast to the condition of affairs among the larger cities of Great Britain.

CITY DEBT.

The total indebtedness of the 154 cities in 1905 was $1,618,414.005, of which $1,444,725,797 was classed as "funded" and the remainder as "floating." Of that remainder, $75,494,792 was classed as "revenue or tax loans"; $77,982.998 as "special assessment loans; $18,950,122 as "outstanding warrants," and $1,260,296 as "miscellaneous obligations." Of the aggregate indebtedness thus reported by the 154 cities, $1,521,630.914 was incurred by the city government. $36,822,609 by independent school districts for the same territory as the city, and $59,960,482 by civil divisions having such similar territory and also authorized to incur debt.

The total indebtedness of the 148 cities for which reports were received for the years 1902 to 1905 was $1,297,735,510 in 1902; $1,396,421,820 in 1903; $1,528,724,360 in 1904, and $1,010,074,280 in 1905,

The indebtedness, less Sinking Fund assets, for these 148 cities for the years mentioned was $1,026,228,373, $1,106,327,124, $1,225,851,090 and $1,290,678,632. In four years the population of these cities increased 7.9 per cent., while the indebtedness, less Sinking Fund assets, increased 25.8 per cent., or more than three times the per cent. of increase of population. As a result, the per capita net indebtedness, which was $51.14 in 1902, had risen to $58.48 in 1905.

COSTS OF MAINTAINING PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

The report presents a table showing the costs of maintaining free public schools for the several cities, including in such costs the interest on investments in school buildings and grounds. The relative investments of the cities in school property may be noted by the varying amounts allowed for interest on such investments. These varied from 7 cents per capita in Charleston, S. C., and 22 cents in Atlanta. Ga., to $1.33 in Denver, Colo., $1.35 in Pueblo, Colo.; $1.43 in Newton, Mass., and $1.53 in Spokane, Wash. In like manner the aggregate per capita costs of maintaining schools, including the foregoing allowance for interest, varied from $1.57 in Charleston, S. C.; $1.96 in Knoxville, Tenn., and $1.98 in Montgomery, Ala., to $7.22 in Boston, Mass.; $7.90 in Newton, Mass.; $8.40 in Spokane, Wash, and $8.67 in Pueblo, Colo. A part of the great variation is due to incorrect estimates of the value of school property and, in the case of the two cities last mentioned, to a probable low estimate of city population.