DECEMBER 1, 1907.
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

EMPIRE.

Minister Foreign Affairs-Baron A.L.von Aehrenthal Minister Navy-Adm. Count R. Montecuccoli.

AUSTRIA.

HUNGARY.

Minister Education & Worship-Count Alb. Appomji. | Minister for Croatia-Count Theo. Pejacsevich.

Reigning Families

OF THE PRINCIPAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

Francis Joseph I., the Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, was born August 18, 1830, and was proclaimed Emperor of Austria after the abdication of his uncle, Ferdinand I., on December 2, 1848. He was crowned King of Hungary June 8, 1867. He married, in 1854, Elizabeth, a daughter of Duke Maximilian of Bavaria. She died by the hand of an Anarchist in Geneva, September 10, 1898. They had issue:

1. Archiduchess Gisela, born 1856; married to Leopold, son of the Regent Luitpold of Bavaria, Issue, two daughters and two sons.

2. Archduke Rudolph, late heir apparent, born 1858; died by suicide, 1889. He married, 1881, Stephanie, daughter of the present King of the Belgians, and had issue one daughter, the Archduchess Elizabeth, born 1883; married, 1902, Prince Otto Windischgrätz. The widowed Crown Princess Stephanie married, March. 1900, Count Elémer Lonyay.

3. Archiduchess Marie Valerie, born 1868; married, 1890, Archduke Francis-Salvator of Tuscany. On the death of the Crown Prince, in 1889, the right of succession to the throne passed to the Emperor's eldest brother, the Archduke Charles Louis, who was born 1833. and died 1896; he married, 1862 (second marriage), the Princess Annunciata, daughter of King Ferdinand II. of Naples, and had issue the Archduke Francis Ferdinand, born 1863, who is the heir presumptive to the throne (inarried, morganatically, 1900, Countess Sophie Chotek. and renounced the claim of his issue by her to the throne); the Archduke Otto, born 1865, died 1906, married to the Princess Marie Josefa of Saxony, had two sons (Archdukes Charles, born 1887, and Maximilian, born 1895); the Archduke Ferdinand, born 1868, and unmarried, and the Archduchess Margaret Sophia, born 1870, died 1902; she married in 1893 Albert, Duke of Württemberg. By a third marriage, the Archduke Charles Louis had two daughters.

The Emperor has a second brother, the Archduke Louis Victor, born 1842, who is unmarried, and a sister-in-law, Empress Carlotta of Mexico, the widow of his brother Maximilian, executed at Queretaro in 1867. She is insane, and lives in Belgium with the King, her brother.

There are over seventy other archdukes and archduchesses of Austria, cousins of the Emperor, collateral relatives of the reigning house and members of the formerly reigning branches of Tuscany and Modena. The family is descended from Count Rudolph of Hapsburg, who was elected Emperor of Germany in 1273.

BAVARIA.

Otto, King of Bavaria, was born April 27, 1848, and succeeded his brother, Ludwig II., June 13, 1886, when that mad monarch committed suicide by drowning himself in the Starnberg Lake. Otto is also crazy, is shut up in one of his châteaux, and the kingdom is governed by Prince Luitpold, his uncle, as regent. The latter is also the heir apparent to the throne; was born in 1821; married, 1844, the Austrian Archduchess Augusta of Tuscany, who is dead, and has four children:

1. Prince Louis, born 1845; married the Austrian Archduchess Maria Theresa, and has six daughters aud four sons, the eldest of the latter being Prince Rupert, born 1869, and married, 1900, his cousin, Duchess Marie Gabrielle of Bavaria.

2. Prince Leopold, born 1846; married to the Austrian Archduchess Gisela, daughter of the Emperor Francis Joseph I. There are two daughters and two sons.

3. Princess Theresa, born 1850; Prioress of a Convent in Munich.

4. Prince Arnulf, 1852, married the Princess Theresia of Lichtenstein, and died 1907, leaving a son, Prince Henry.

King Otto has five consins who bear princely titles, children of his dead uncle, Adalbert.

The royal house of Bavaria comes from the Counts of Wittelsbach of the twelfth century, one of whose descendants was elevated to the rank of Elector, and a later one made King by Napoleon I.

BELGIUM

Leopold II., King of the Belgians, was born April 9, 1835, and was a son of Leopold I. Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (uncle of Queen Victoria), who was elected King of the Belgians in 1831, and Princess Louise, daughter of King Louis Philippe of France. The present King, who ascended the throne in 1865, was married, in 1853, to the Austrian Archduchess Marie Henriette (died 1902), and has the following children:

1. Princess Louise, born 1858; married to Prince Philippe of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.

2. Princess Stephanie, born 1864; married, 1881, to the late Crown Prince Rudolph of Austria, and has one daughter. Princess Stephanie married, 1900, Elémer, Count Lonyay of Nagy-Lonyay and Vasoras-Nameny. Chamberlain to the Emperor of Austria.

3. Princess Clementine, born 1872.

The King's brother was Prince Philippe, Connt of Flanders, born in 1837; married to the Hohenzollern Princess Marie, and died in 1905. His son, Prince Albert, is the present heir apparent, born in 1875, and married, in 1900, the Princess Elizabeth (daughter of Duke Charles Theodore of Bavaria). They have two sons, Prince Leopold, born in 1901, and Charles Theodore, born in 1903, and' a daughter, Princess Marie Jose, born 1906. Prince Philippe had also two daughters, Henriette, born 1870 married, 1896, the Duke of Vendome; aud Josephine, born 1872; married, 1894, Prince Charles of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.

The sister of the King is the hapless ex-Empress Carlotta of Mexico, widow of Maximilian. She was born in 1840, widowed in 1867, has no children, and is now insane.

DENMARK,

Frederick VIII., King of Denmark, succeeded to the throne of Denmark by virtue of the law of the Danish succession on the death of his father, King Christian IX., in 1906. He was born 1843; married the Princess Louise of Sweden in 1869, and has three daughters and four sons, the eldest of the latter being Crown Prince Christian, born in 1870, and married, 1898, Princess Alexandrina of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and has two sons; and the second, Prince Charles, born 1872, and marriod, 1896, Princess Maud, third daughter of King Edward VII., and elected King of Norway in 1905, as Haakon VII. The eldest daughter is married to Prince Charles of Sweden.

The King's brothers and sisters are:

1. The Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (Alexandra), born 1844; married 1863, and has four living children.

2. The King of the Hejienes (George I.), born 1845; married to the Grand Duchess Olga of Russia, and has one daughter and five sons the eldest of the latter being Prince Constantine,

3. The Dowager Empress of Russia (Dagmar), born 1847; married the late Czar Alexander III.' In 1866, and has four children, one being the present Czar.

4. The Duchess of Cumberland (Thyra), born 1853; married the present Duke of Cumberland (English title), son of the ex-King of Hanover, in 1878, and has two sons and three daughters,

REIGNING FAMILIES-Continued.

5. Prince Waldemar, born 1858; married, 1885, the Princess Marie of Orleans, daughter of the Duke of Chartres, and has four sons and a daughter. He was offered the crown of Bulgaria in 1886, but declined. GERMANY.

William II., German Emperor and King of Prussia, was born January 27, 1859; succeeded his father, the Emperor Frederick III., June 15, 1888. He married the Princess Victoria of SchleswigHolstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (born 1858), and has had issue:

1. Frederick William, Crown Prince, born 1882, married, June 6, 1905, to Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and has two sons, William Frederick, born July 4, 1906; and a sou born November 9, 1907; 2. William Eitel-Frederick, born 1883, married, February 27, 1906, Princess Sophie Charlotte of Oldenburg; 3. Adalbert, born 1884; 4. August, born 1887; 5. Oscar, born 1888; 6. Joachim, born 1890; 7. Victoria Louise, born 1892.

The Emperor's brother is Prince Henry, born 1862, and married, 1888, to his cousin, Princess Irene of Hesse, daughter of the late Princess Alice of England, and has two sons; and the Emperor has four sisters, all the children of the late Emperor Frederick and the Princess Victoria of England (the Dowager Empress Frederick, who died in 1901). The sisters are:

1. Princess Charlotte, born 1860; married, 1878, to George, hereditary Prince of Saxe-Meiningen, and has one daughter.

2. Princess Victoria, born 1866; married, 1890, to Prince Adolph of Schaumburg-Lippe.

3. Princess Sophia, born 1870; married, 1889, to Constantine, Crown Prince of Greece, and has three sons and a daughter.

4. Princess Margaret, born 1872; married, 1893, to Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse, and has five sons. The Emperor has an aunt, the Princess Louise, born 1838, widow of the late Grand Duke of Baden; and he has a number of cousins, descendants of the brothers and sisters of the Emperor William I. One of these is Princess Margaret, daughter of the late Prince Frederick Charles and wife of the British Duke of Connaught, son of Queen Victoria. The reigning family is descended from Frederick of Hohenzollern, a German count in 980, and Frederick William, the Elector of Brandenburg, 16409 88, whose son became King of Prussia.

GREECE.

George I., King of the Hellenes, born December 24, 1845, elected King in 1863. He is the brother of the present King of Denmark, Frederick VIII., and brother of the Queen of Great Britain and the Dowager Empress of Russia. He married, 1867, the Grand Duchess Olga, eldest daughter of the Grand Duke Constantine of Russia, grand uncle to the present Emperor. They have had six living children, five sons and one daughter. The eldest son is:

Prince Constantine, born 1868; inarried, 1889, the Princess Sophia, sister of the present German Emperor, and has three sons, Prince George, born 1890: Prince Alexander, born 1893, and Prince Paul, born 1901, and a daughter, Princess Helen, born 1896.

The King's eldest daughter, Alexandra, married, in 1889, the Grand Duke Paul, uncle of the present Emperor of Russia, and died September 24, 1891, leaving a daughter and a son.

ITALY.

Victor Emmanuel III., King of Italy, was born November 11, 1869, and is the only son of Humbert I., second King of United Italy, murdered by the Anarchist Bresci at Monza, July 29, 1900. He married, in 1896, Princess Helene, daughter of Nicholas, Prince of Montenegro, and has four children, Princess Iolande, born June 1, 1901. Princess Matalda, born November 10, 1902; Prince Humbert (heir apparent), born September 15, 1904, and Princess Giovanna, born November 13.1907. Emmanuel, Duke of Aosta, born 1869; is eldest son of the late Prince Amadeus, uncle of present King (and ex-King of Spain); married, 1895, Princess Helene of Orleans, daughter of the late Count of Paris, and they have had issue two children, Amadeus, boru 1898, and Aimon, horn 1900. The three remaining sons of the late Prince Amadeus are Victor, Count of Turin, born 1870; Louis. Duke of Abruzzi, born 1873, and Humbert, Count of Salemi, born in 1889 of his second marriage with his niece, Princess Letitia, daughter of Prince Napoleon Bonaparte and the Princess Clotilde,

The mother of the King is Queen Margherita, daughter of the late Prince Ferdinand of Savoy. She was born 1851, and married the late King 1868. The following are the aunts of the King:

1. Princess Clotilde, born 1843; married, 1859, to Prince Napoleon Jerome Bonaparte, the late head of the Bonaparte family, and has issue two sons and a daughter, Letitia. (See **Bonapartists, ")

2. Dowager Queen Maria Pia of Portugal, born 1847, and married, 1862, to the late King Louis of Portugal, and has two sons,

The King's great aunt by marriage, the Princess Elizabeth, widow of the Duke of Genoa, has a son (Prince Thomas, Duke of Genoa, married, 1883, Princess Isabella, daughter of Prince Adelbert of Bavaria, and has three sons and two daughters) and a daughter, the latter being the late King Humbert's wife. The family is descended from the Counts of Savoy, who flourished in the Eleventh Century.

NETHERLANDS.

Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands and Princess of Orange-Nassau, born August 31, 1880, daughter of the late King William III. and Emma, daughter of Prince George Victor of WaldeckPyrmont. She married, February 7, 1901, Duke Heury of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

The Queen's mother is the late Regent Queen Emma, whose regency lasted from the death of the late King, her husband, November 23, 1890, until the end of the minority of her daughter, August 31, 1898. The Queen's aunt is the Princess Sophia, married to the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar. She has a son, Prince Charles, born 1844, and two daughters. This family, known as the House of Orange, is descended from the Princes of Orange, stadtholders during the Dutch Republic,

NORWAY.

Haakon VII., King of Norway, was before his election to the crown by the Norwegian people in 1905, Prince Charles of Denmark. He is the second son of King Frederick VIII. of Denmark; was born 1872; married, 1896, Princess Maud, third daughter of King Edward VII. of Great Britain, and has one son, Olaf Alexander Edward Christian Frederick, born July 2, 1903.

REIGNING FAMILIES-Continued.

PORTUGAL.

Charles I., King of Portugal, born September 28, 1863, son of the late King Louis and his spouse, the Princess Pia, daughter of King Victor Emmanuel of Italy. He succeeded to the throne October 19, 1889. He married, 1886, the Princess Amelie of Orleans, daughter of the Count of Paris, and has two sons, Prince Louis Philippe, Duke of Braganza, born 1887, and Prince Manuel, Duke of Beja, born 1889. The King has a brother, Prince Alphonse, Duke of Oporto, born 1865, and unmarried; and an aunt married to the Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, and has three sons.

The reigning family belongs to the House of Braganza, whose founder was an illegitimate son of King John I. (A. D. 1400) of the old line of Portuguese kings.

RUSSIA.

Nicholas II., Emperor of Russia, was born May 18, 1868, and succeeded his father, the late Emperor Alexander III., November 1, 1894. He is married to the Princess Alice (Alix) of HesseDarinstadt, daughter of the Princess Alice of Great Britain, and has four daughters and one sou-Olga, born in 1895; Tatjana, born in 1897; Marie, born in 1899; Anastasia, born in 1901, and Alexis (the Czareviteh), born August 12, 1904.

The late Emperor Alexander III., born in 1845, married, in 1866, the Princess Dagmar, daughter of the present King of Denmark, had issue three sons: 1. Nicholas, the present Emperor; 2. Grand Duke George (the late Czarevitch), born 1871, died 1899; 3 Grand Duke Michael, born December 4, 1878, and two daughters: 1. Grand Duchess Xenia, born April 6, 1875; married, August 6, 1894, her cousin, the Grand Duke Alexander, has four sons and two daughters, and 2. Grand Duchess Olga, born June 13, 1882, married to Prince Peter of Oldenburg. The uncles and aunts of the Emperor are: 1. Grand Duke Vladimir, born 1847; married, 1874, the Princess Marie of MecklenburgSchwerin, and has three sons and one daughter; Grand Duke Cyril, born in 1876; married, 1905, Melita, second daughter of the late Duke of Coburg and divorced wife of the Grand Duke of Hesse. Grand Duke Boris, who was in America in 1902, is the second son and was born in 1877.

2. Grand Duke Alexis, High Admiral, born 1850. He is unmarried.

3. Grand Duchess Marie, born 1853; married the late Duke of Edinburgh, and has had one son (deceased) and four daughters.

4. Grand Duke Sergius, born 1857; married, 1884, Princess Elizabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt, daughter of Princess Alice of England. Assassinated in 1905, he left no issue.

5. Grand Duke Paul, born 1860; married, 1889, Princess Alexandra, daughter of the King of the Hellenes. She died September 24, 1891, leaving a son, the Grand Duke Demetrius, and a daughter. In 1902 he contracted a morganatic marriage with Olga Pistolkohrs, now Countess Hohenfelsen. The Emperor has one grand uncle (son of the Emperor Nicholas I.), Grand Duke Michael, born 1832, field marshal in the Russian Army; married, 1857, Princess Cecelia of Baden, and has issue six living children, the eldest daughter, Anastasia, born 1860, being the widow of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

A grand uncle, the Grand Duke Constantine, born 1827; died January 12, 1892; married, 1848, Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg, and had issue five children, the Grand Duke Nicholas, born 1850, being the eldest, and the Grand Duchess Olga, born 1851, the eldest daughter, being married to the King of the Hellenes.

A third grand uncle, the Grand Duke Nicholas, born 1831, field marshal in the Russian Army, died in 1891; married, in 1856, the Princess Alexandra of Oldenburg, and had issue two sons, Grand Duke Nicholas, born 1856, married, 1907, Anastasia. daughter of the present Prince of Montenegro, and sister of Queen Helene, of Italy, and Grand Duke Peter, married, in 1889, Militsa, sister of the preceding.

The Russian reigning family is descended from Michael Romanoff, elected Czar in 1613. The members of the family for over two centuries, however, have married so generally into the German royal houses that the present Romanoffs are practically, by blood, Germans; as much so as their kinsman, the head of the German Empire.

SAXONY.

Frederick August, King of Saxony, born May 25, 1865, succeeded his father, King George, October 15, 1904 He married in 1891 Archduchess Louise of Austria (from whom he was separated in 1903. The King has three daughters and three sons, the Crown Prince being George, born 1893. The King has two sisters, Mathilde, born 1863, unmarried, and Maria Josepha, born 1867. married to the late Archduke Otto of Austria, and two brothers, Johann Georg, born 1869, married first to Duchess Isabella of Warttemberg (died 1904), and in 1906 to Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon, and Max, born 1870, a priest in Holy Orders,

A great aunt of the King, Princess Elizabeth, born 1830, married Prince Ferdinand of Sardinia, and after his death in 1856 Marchese Rapallo, who died in 1882. The widow of King Albert, Queen Carola, is also living.

The royal house of Saxony is one of the oldest in Europe, having given an emperor to Germany as early as the beginning of the Tenth Century. The Elector of Saxony assumed the title of King in 1806, and was confirmed therein in 1815.

SPAIN.

Alphonso XIII., King of Spain, born May 17, 1886, nearly six months after the death of his father, Alphonso XII. His mother is Maria Christina, an Austrian princess. He married in 1906 the English Princess Victoria Ena, daughter of Princess Beatrice, by whom he has a son and heir, Alphonso, Prince of the Asturias, born May 10, 1907, The King has one living sister, the Infanta Maria Theresa, born 1882, his eldest sister, the Princess of Asturias, Maria-de-las-Mercedes, born 1880, wedded in 1901 to Prince Charles of Bourbon-Caserta, having died on October 17, 1904, after giving birth to a daughter, since christened as Infanta Isabel.

The King's aunts are the Infantas Isabella, widow of the Count de Girgenti; Maria, wife of Prince Louis of Bavaria, and Eulalie, wife of Prince Antonio of Orleans (separated from him by deed of separation), who visited the United States and the World's Fair in 1893.

The King's grandmother, ex-Queen Isabella, born in 1830, crowned 1833, abdicated 1870, died April 9, 1904. Her husband, the Infant Francis d' Assisi, born 1822, died in 1902.

The King's grand aunt, the Infanta Louisa, widow of the Duke of Montpensier (son of King Louis Philippe of France), now dead, was the mother of a son and three daughters; 1. The wife of the late Count of Paris, and mother of the French pretender, the Duke of Orleans; 2. The late Queen Mercedes, wife of Alphonso XII., deceased; 3. The Infanta Christina, also deceased.

A second cousin of the King is Don Carlos, born in 1848, and a pretender to the Spanish throne, who is married, and has four daughters and a son, Prince Jaime, born in 1870.

. The Spanish reigning family are Bourbons, descendants of King Louis XIV. of France,