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these, is attributed, 1. To his name. 2. To his "high-flying" speeches on the popular topics of influence and corrupHOR. 3. "In virtue of his youth, he Pained credit for incorruptible integrity.” 4. His manner was advantageous; he declaimed pompously, and when he reasoned, he gave proots of a quick, discern ing, and cultivated mind. His speeches, in relation to his age, deserved distinguished approbation; they obtained bind admiration. Au hundred young men at school and college would, in an essay, have turned the common places on liberty and patriotism, with equal dexterity, against the discomfited conductors of the American war. But not one could have been so trained in the habit of uttering them promptly. Fluency of elocucon, however, does not appear to be more closely connected with wisdom, than facility or elegance of composition. 5. By an act (the refusal of the office of clerk, of the Pells in Ireland,) which as it might equally proceed from patriotic disinterestedness, and the lowest cunning, his future conduct could alone render unequivocal, he confirmed the faith of a credulous people." 6. "Certau candidates for power incurred our displeasure, and we, cool, dispassionate Englishunen, took their rival to our bosam in pure despite."

In another part of this pamphlet, he exclaims, "O! superstitious nation! to whom an idol is necessary, though with the simple African thou be reduced to worship a serpent, or a crocodile, with the stupid Egyptian!" And soon after beards: it is moderate to assert, that neither Scipio, when he had delivered Rome from her most formidable rival, nor Washington, the founder of American ndependence, received more enthusiastic adoration than the political adventarer, whose patriotistn rested on the same blustering evidence, as Bobadil's valour." In 1802, appeared "Hygeia, or Essays, Moral and Medical, on the Causes Aftecting the Personal State of the Middiing and Affluent Classes." This work, which was printed at Bristol, consists of three volumes, and contains a variety of papers on personal prudence, and prejudices respecting health; on personal suprudence; British characteristics; on the use of tea; exercise; cloathing; schools; infancy; a more advanced age; catarrh; scrophulons constitution; conmption; hver cuumpinints; gout; dis← ondera, called nervous; febrile contagious dernes, &c. &c.

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In 1808, he published "A Letter to the Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks, bart. P.R.S. On the Causes and the Removal of the Prevailing Discontents, Imperfections, and Abuses, in Medicine," with the following motto: "Take Physic, Physic." On this occasion, he appears to join in the hue and cry raised against incompetent possessors of diplomas," and affects somewhat of that superiority over the M. D's. of the Scottish metropolis, which they themselves are said to evince," while looking down on the sons of Aberdeen, and St. Andrew's, with as much pride as was felt by Mars, when he was seated at the right hand of Jupiter."

He seems to think, that the usual period of three years, required for a degree in Scotland, is by far too short, and wishes therefore to extend it, to five or six, which space of time, he supposes, may be usefully employed, in a series of studies, of which the following is an outline,

، First year. - Dissection, anatomical lectures, reading, drawing, and comparison of anatomical engravings with the objects in nature. For relaxation, as much as for instruction, a course of chemistry and elementary reading :-this for winter. In spring and summer, a course of comparative anatomy, dissection of animals, botany and physiological reading, till the winter of the

Second year-Anatomy exactly as before, attendance on clinical lectures in surgery; if none are given, close study of surgical cases, particularly of surgical accidents at first; morbid anatomy practically, by every opportunity from this time forward. In spring, summer, and autuinn, practical chemistry, pharmacy, botany, materia medica.

Third year. In winter-Anatomy and surgery still; but external diseases now more than accidents. Spring, summer, and autumn-Midwifery, medical jurisprudence, comparative anatomy, physi ology, and the other before-mentioned pursuits occasionally.

fourth year. --Anatomy to be kept up, lectures on the practice of medicine, clinical lectures. Observation of medical cases, and practical reading, to bỹ a chief occupation through this year. The student may pass it at Edinburgh, at least from October to July.

Fifth and sixth years. -Close attendance on hospitals, with practical reading and lectures, at Paris and Vienna if accessible; otherwise in London. During the autumn of this or the preceding year,

some

some time, if possible, to be employed in attending military hospitals, especially in the field.

During the summers, oral instruction, it best offers, in other branches of natural history besides botany, in natural philosophy, and in the speculative sciences, if in these last any lectures should promise more than books. From one or the other, the acquisition of as many facts as possible concerning the mental operations, should be considered as an essential part of the stock of the knowJedge necessary to the physician."

After this the Doctor proceeds to inquire, whether it is meant to tolerate the existing irregular practitioners, and advertising quacks?" and "whether the present race of regulars deserve to have an unrestrained monopoly of the sick trade, secured to them by law?

"What" adds he, could invalids lose by the suppression of all quack me dicines for consumption, while the regular faculty is in snug possession of the hot-well, here by the side of the Avon? What is there in Godbold's vegetable balsam, that this water cannot replace? and (faith in the gift of St. Vincent failing) have we not the air of Clifton close at hand, offering itself to us as presumptive heir to the reputation of the water? Should you allow the said water and the said air, to be abundantly calculated to satisfy any cravings of credulity; consider a little, I beseech you, the accommodation of that part of the faculty, which is engaged in the great corresponding branch of medical practice. This cannot be said to be carried on by corresponding societies; the term is too large; knots of two or three only, are concerned in this correspondence. These brother doctors, Sir, though separated so widely as I am from you at this moment, or more so, sympathize as tenderly, and are as ready to relieve one another's distresses, as those knights of old, of whom we hear as brothers in arms. Take for instance a Common case: the family doctor in London, Dublin, or where you please, cannot bear to think, that the son or daughter of a dear friend of his should die at home, just under his nose. So no sooner does it come to a Hotwell case (a term within a few weeks syponimous to a corpse) than off the invalid is sent with a pass. Invalid and pas are delivered to the receiving doctor, whose feelings, as he is a stranger, cannot be so much overpowered by the tenderness of friendship. And when the

patient is dead and disposed of, the receiving party you know, may never be again distressed by the sight of any of the family. He prescribes therefore, a way his friend had done before him, adding of course, so much per day of the said Hotwell water, which, I repeat it, may be considered as a worthy substitute for any quack composition ever put together. So it goes on, until the jaws of the patient are either locked by death or despair.”

He maintains, that the whole art of Hotwell physic, may be acquired by any person in three days, as it consists of nothing more" than a little vitriolic acid for the night sweats, chalk mixture for the bowels, poppy syrup, or that favourite nostrum the black drop, or what you please of the like, for the anodyne."

It is well known that the extreme heat which took place during the Autumn of 1808, occasioned a great mortality among the labouring classes, who were exposed to its influence in the open fields. This circumstance gave birth to a humane pamphlet, by Dr. B. entitled "Good Advice for the Husbandman in Harvest, and for all those who labour hard in hot berthes; as also, for others who will follow it in Warm Weather." From this we learn with equal sorrow and surprize, that the people in the

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happy vale of Gloucester" indulge in harvest debauchery to such an excess, that it has been proved " a Severn man's stomach will hold just nineteen pints!" This scene of inebriation excites the paternal animadversions of our author, who discants on the advantages of sobriety, and clearly demonstrates that the drink of one day exhausts more than the sober exertions of three." He observes, that a hot sun and a long day's hard labour are sure to produce a fever, which instead of being encreased by strong potions of ale and cyder, ought on the contrary to be kept down by thin diluting liquors. Hle recommends also, "that no one should swallow at once an excessive quantity of cold water, or stand much in a stream of cool air, while at rest, and growing less and less warm, after being drenched with sweat."

In August 1808, he transmitted two cases of hydrophobia, which were inserted in the "Medical and Physical Journal," for September; in the number for November, appeared another paper, giving an account of some dissections; and we believe, he was a frequent contributor to that periodical work.

of

Of his other literary labours, we have only time to enumerate the title pages,

viz.

1. The History of Isaac Jenkins.

2. Instructions for Persons of all Capacités, respecting their own Health and that of their Children; which, like the former, passed through many editions. 3. Manual of Health; and 4. Researches concerning Fever. We must here conclude the life and literary career of this extraordinary man, at the same time. The physician whose mind was ever on the stretch, to extend the confines of medical science, and discuver efficacious remedies for the relief of others, at last became a patient himself. He had for some time anterior to his death, exhibited manifest symptoms of dropsy, but never considered his end as so near. His dissolution perhaps was hastened by the rigour of the present Winter; for he complained frequently of cold at his extremities, and had actually sent to London, for an ingenions mechanic, who had undertaken to warm his spartment to an equalle temperature, by means of steam. His death occurred on the 24th of December, 1808, and on being opened, it was clearly discernible that the machinery had been worn out, and that the animal functions were necessarily suspended, from the progress of disease. The left lobe of the lungs was found to be in a morbid state, and, as might have been easily predicted, a lodgement of water had also been effected.

Thus died, after he had attained the fifty-second, or fifty-third year of his life, Thomas Beddoes, a man who possessed a warmth, a zeal, an ardour for the pur suit of medical science, which had seldom been equalled by any, and was assuredly excelled by none. His whole life was devoted to experiment, to enquiry, to correspondence with men of talents, and to the instruction of himself and others. He possessed a fine genius for poetry, and had the happy faculty of viewing every subject on its most bril liant side. His language was glowing, figurative, and sometimes even sublime. He despised quackery, and pretensions of every kind; and was accustomed to detect and expose these to the full as freely in his own as in other professions. In all the social relations of life, his con duct uniformly bore testimony to the excellence of his heart; for he was a good friend, a good father, and a good husband. A few years since, he married Miss Edgeworth, a lady of a respectable literary family in Ireland, by whom he has left four children,

Further particulars of his life will be speedily published under the auspices of his friends:-a work, which, if written with ability, cannot fail to be productive both of amusement and instruction.

It is to be hoped, a portrait of Dr. B. has been in some way obtained, for it was one of his peculiarities, to refuse the frequent solicitations of some of his best friends to sit for his picture.

Extracts from the Port-folio of a Man of Letters. [Communications to this Article are always thankfully received.]

THE CHRISTENING OF AMERICA.

HIS important event occasioned in

The French, out of spite to the Spaniards, and with their usual officiousness and vanity, christened it Francia Antarctica, pretending that they were the first discorerers, under some lord of Villagagnon. ["Sub Villagagnonis Domino," says Poresech, Insulas. 3. p. 162.] This attempt pershed in the bud: but others arose, who christened it the Land of the Holy Creas: : by raistaking the appellation of Brazil, given to it by Cabral, upon the fcovery, for the whole continent. John Barros, Decad. i. l. 5. c. 2. Pet. Dumaziz. Dial. 5. de var. Hist. c. 2. f. 338. MOSELY MAG. No. 181,

Anton. de San. Roman. l. i. Hist. Indic. Orient. c. 11. p. 57, grievously lament, this term

the wood for dying,) superseded the term "Land of the Holy Cross," and observe, that it perhaps happened by the cunning of the devil. Borrellus (De Reg. Catholic.) contended that it ought to be styled Orbis Carolinus, from Ch. V. and this because Isidore, Pereira, Mantua, and a variety of authors were agreed upon this point, that to give names to nations and places was a peculiar privilege of kings and dukes. The majority, however, were for calling it the New World. This gave birth to a caluniny upon mother Earth, that she had many sisters, i. e. that there were

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more worlds than one in the universe: which was vehemently attacked, upon the authority of Aristotle, Jeroin, Isidore, and many more. James Pontanus (Progymnasm. p. 315.) ventured to say, that his information was not sufficient to denominate it the other quarter of the world, for which be met with due punishment. After much dispute, the vulgar both would and did call it America, which the learned adopted upon the authority of Quinctilian, 1. Instit. Orator. Utendum est verbo ut nummo cui publica forma sit, not, however, without precautionary quotations from Alliatus and Brechæus, in Rub. de Verbor. Significat. and others related by Gutierrez, lib. §. Pract. Quest. 14 a num. 132. Meron. Cevall. Commun. Opin. v. i. 2. 409. and Mar. Burguy de Laudimio, p, i. c. 1. num. 24, 25, &c. all of whom had taken infinite pains to inform the public, that the vulgar were not in the habits of taking much trouble about the exact interpretation and meaning of words.

RUISCELLUS.

This man, lib. 2, delle Imprese, fol. 28, contends, that the inscription, "Plus Ultra," upon the pillars of Hercules, which Charles assumed in his arms, should be read "Plus Outre,”—a sapient improvement!

ALPHONSO ALBUQUERQUE.

This famous Portuguese commander had formed an idea, by the help of the Abyssinians, to turn the streams of the Nile by a shorter cut into the Red Sea, that so he might render Egypt, because it was inhabited by the Turks, quite barren. This idea is loudly applauded by Maffæus, 5 Hist. Ind.

GASPAR SANCTIUS.

This man thus paraphrases the verse in Isaiah, "Every valley shall be exalted, every hill made low, the crooked strait, and rough places plain." The low depth of vallies shall be raised by a rampart thrown up, and the ground heaped together; on the other hand, the hills may be lowered, by throwing down the tops of the rocks; and what is crooked may be made straight by a rule; and what is gibbous and unequal may be levelled into a plain."--This commentator is not one of those who elucidate clear passages into obscurity, for his propositions are as pure and lucid as the crystal spring.

FESTUS POMPEIUS.-CHAOS,

This grammarian styles "Chaos, the seed of the World."-A very happy expression.

JEWS.

Ant. Naldus Quæst. Practic. No. 20. notes, that it was, about 1551, much in vogue in the Ecclesiastical State, for indi viduals to seize the children of the Jews and christen them vi et armis.

ROYAL APOSTLES, &c.

Orosius, 1. 7. c. 14. says, that the Goths, Huns, &c. invaded Italy, by an impulse of Providence, that they might be converted. Boscus de rgh. Eccles. says, that Tiridates having vanquished the Armenians, compelled them to become Christians. He adds, that the Burgundians and Franks became so, through a vow made if they were suc cessful in a battle. Charlemagne forced the Saxons into Christianity. Rhegin. Eginh. and Aimoin. No. 785. Dubraorus, c. 5. 1. 6. Helmodius, 1. 6. c. 16. 19. 24. say, that Otho the, Great thus converted the Bohemians. So also Boleslaus, king of the Poles, (see Arnold, 1.7. c. 9.) converted the Prussians. So. Waldemar, king of the Danes, the Rugiani. (Helmod, I. 1. c. 43. 1. 2. c. 12. 13.) So Isid. Hist. Gothor. æra 650, notes, that the emperor Heraclius, Sisebert, king of Spain, and Dagobert, king of France, compelled the Jews to be baptized. So our Alfred forced Guthrun and the Danes. Medina de Restit. 9. 27. and Johan. Azorius Instit. Monal.

1. 8. c. 24. and others say, that baptism was the usual condition of granting quarter to infidels.

DEFENDER OF THE FAITH➡ATHANASIUS.. The Hist. Eccles. 1. 10. and Tiber. Decianus. d. l. 5. c. 12. n. 28. say, that walking in the street, saw a Jew boy namAlexander bishop of Alexandria, when ed Athanasius,playing at bishop,and christening other children; through which he compelled them all to persevere in the Christian faith: and thus it happened that Athanasius became a very great "Fidei Propugnator," Defender of the Faith.

ABRAHAM A DOCTOR-DOCTOR, TITLE OF.

This, as a degree, commences with the 12 cent. but Lucian in Dea Syria, notes, that there were publics hospites among the Assyrians, called Doctores, because they narrated and explained all things. Accordingly, Peneda de Reb. Talom, 1. S. c. 27. num. 8. says, "the very hospitality of Abraham shows that he was a doctor." See Joseph. Antiq. i. c. 16. Euseb. Præp. Evang. 1.9. c. ult.

MANDEVILLE AND THE SEVARANBIANS.

A circumstance, which the writer hereof is enabled to communicate, will at once

once decide the controversy (see vol. xxvi. p. 17. 224.) respecting Dr. Mandeville's being or not being the author of the History of the Sevarambians.

I am possessed of a copy of this work in Low Dutch, (quarto, small size,) translated from the French into that language by G. v. BROEKHUYZEN, embellished with many curious copper cuts, printed at Amsterdam, for Timotheus ten Hoorn, bookseller, in the Nes, (a street so named) 1682. According to the biographical dictionaries in common use, Dr. Mandeville died in 1733, about the 63d year of his age: if so, he must have been born about 1670; and it is admitted that he graduated at Leyden in 1691.

The Dutch edition is divided into four parts only; the fourth is called, the fourth and last part, and concludes with relating the return of the fictitious Captain Siden to Smyrna. Perhaps a fifth part was afterwards added, previous to the publication of the second English edition in 1716. In my Dutch copy, each of the four parts has a separate title-page, with the same date, 1682. In the preface, (page 1) Virgilius is styled bishop of Co. logne (not of Salzburg).

The writer of the letter inserted in Vol. xxvi. p. 224, will, I am persuaded, excuse my taking the liberty of submitting to his consideration, whether his own judicious remarks in the last paragraph will not warrant a conjecture that the real author of the History of the Sevarambians was the learned professor he there mentions. With respect to time and other circumstances, nothing appears in the accounts extant of Bayle's life that renders such a supposition improbable.

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have rejected Admiral Blake, then of Wadham, from a fellowship of Merton, on account of the lowness of his sta

ture.

EDWARD THE SECOND.

Adam Tarlton, bishop of Hereford, is said to have been the great engineer and contriver of this king's murder. Fuller says, that when he preached before the queen, then in pursuit of her husband, his text was, the words of the sick Shu namite," My head, my head,”—a curious text. It was not so: but the real one you and the woman"-a most blasphewas striking; "I will put enmity between mous and detestable application, and delivered from the pulpit!

ARMS OF THE CITY OF LONDON.

Said to have received the addition of the daggers from Sir William Walworth's punishment of Wat Tyler's insolence. It appears from a stone near Runnymede, bearing the date of 1285, that they were blazoned with daggers at that period.

BATTLE OF TOWTON-YORK AND LAN

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This was a Romish archbishop, a pretended proselyte, who obtained from James I. the deanery of Windsor. He was very fond of persuading others to charitable actions, but would give nothing himself. Upon an application to the chapter of Windsor, one of the prebends answered “ Qui suadet, sua det.”

JEHOVAH,

This word was first introduced in the translation of the Bible in 1541. Bishop Sparrow, brought in the pronunciation and writing says Peter Salatinus, had of it, never before used or heard of in any language.

NATHANAEL IN SCRIPTURE,

He is the same apostle as Bartholomew-Bar-Tholmai, the son of Tholmat. St. John always calls himn Nathanae!, the three other Evangelists Bartholomew.

MARTIAL.

Menage says, that there is no Latin poet whatever in whose works there are so many things as might occur in conver sation as in his.

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