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them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed; and shall commission all the officers of the United States.

SECT. IV. The president, vice-president, and all civil officers of the United States shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanours.

ARTICLE III.

SECT. I.-The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.

SECT. II.-1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity, arising under this constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shal be a party; to controversies between two or more states, between a state and citizens of another state, between citizens of different states, between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects.

2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party, the supreme court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as the congress shall make.

3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed with any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the congress may by law have directed.

SECT. III.-1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. 2. The congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted.

ARTICLE IV.

SECT. I.-Full faith and credit shall be given, in each state, to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state: and the congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.

SECT. II.-1. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states.

2. A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime,, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he ffed, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime.

3. No person held to service or labour in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labour; but shall be delivered up, on claim of the party to whom such service or labour may be due.

SECT. III.. New states may be admitted by the congress into this Union; but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state, nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more

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states, or parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned, as well as of the congress.

2. The congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular state.

SECT. IV. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and, on application of the legislature, or of the executive, (when the legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence.

ARTICLE V.

The congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this constitution; or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments; which, in either case, shall be valid, to all intents and purposes, as part of this constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the congress: provided, that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall, in any manner, affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the

senate.

ARTICLE VI.

1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this constitution, shall be as valid against the United States, under this constitution, as under the confederation.

2. This constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby; any thing in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.

3. The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this constitution: but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.

ARTICLE VIL

The ratification of the conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this constitution between the states so ratifying the same. GEO. WASHINGTON, President.

WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary.

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.

ART. I.-Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

ART. II.-A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

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ART. III. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

ART. IV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

ART. V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service, in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject, for the same offence, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself; shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

ART. VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favour; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.

ART. VII.-In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

ART. VIII.-Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

ART. IX. The enumeration in the constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

ART. X.-The powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

ART. XI. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States, by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.

ART. XII.-1. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for president and vice-president, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name, in their ballots, the person voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as vice-president; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as president, and of all persons voted for as vice-president, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of government of the United States, directed to the president of the senate; the president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted: the person having the greatest number of votes for president shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as president, the house of representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the president. But in choosing the president, the vote shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote: a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from twothirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to ▲ choice. And if the house of representatives shall not choose a president, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the vice-president shall act as presi

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dent, as in the case of the death, or other constitutional debility, of the president.

2. The person having the greatest number of votes as vice-president shall be the vice-president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the senate shall choose the vice-president: a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. 3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of president shall be eligible to that of vice-president of the United States.

ART. XIII.—If any citizen of the United States shall accept, claim, receive, or retain any title of nobility or honour, or shall, without the consent of congress, accept and retain any present, pension, office, or emolument of any kind whatever, from any emperor, king, prince, or foreign power, such person shall cease to be a citizen of the United States, and shall be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under them, or either of them.

POPULATION OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES.

Total population in 1701, 262,000. Total population in 1749, 986,000.

EXPENSE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.

Estimated amount of expenditures from 1775 to 1784,-in specie,$135,193,703.

Emissions of continental money from 1776 to 1781. Old emission, $357,476,541. New emission, $2,070,485.

By comparing this amount of paper money with the preceding estimate of the expense of the war, in specie, it will be seen that the average depreciation of the whole amount issued was nearly two-thirds of its original value.

TROOPS EMPLOYED DURING THE REVOLUTION.
[From Dr. Holmes's Annals.]

Land forces employed by Great Britain in America, 1774–1780. 1774 6,884 | Died and deserted 19,381 Lost of the army 24,717 5,336 Lost of the navy

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1775 11,219 Prisoners

1776 45,965

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4,314

29,031

83

22,337

4,314

British corps and recruits sent from Great Britain or Ireland to North

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Men and marines employed by Great Britain during the American war, Raised for his majesty's navy, marines included, from September 29, 1774, to September 29, 1780

175,990

of whom, in five years, beginning with 1776, and ending with 1780,

Died

Were killed
Deserted

18,5452
1,234
42,069

Total, 19,788

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Troops raised in Great Britain and Ireland for his majesty's land service, (militia and fencible men in North Britain not included,) from Septem

ber 29, 1774, to September 29, 1780

Of which died in North America and the West Indies
Taken prisoners, including those under the convention

of Saratoga

Deserted

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Discharged the service

76,885

10,012

8,629

3,801

3,885

26,327

Account of the ships of the line and frigates taken or destroyed during the

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French frigates taken, 27; American, 12; Spanish, 11; and Dutch, 2; beside which, 5 Spanish and 4 American frigates were lost. Total, 61. British, one 64 and two 50's taken by the French

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Do. ships of the line lost British frigates taken by the French, 6; by the Americans, 1; and 17 lost. Total, 24.

STANDING ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1836.

The Western Department of the Army comprises all west of a line drawn from the southernmost point of East Florida to the northwest extremity of Lake Superior, taking in the whole of Tennessee and Kentucky. The Eastern Department embraces all the east of such line, including Fort Winnebago.

The Head Quarters of the General-in-Chief are at Washington, in the District of Columbia; those of the Western Department are at Memphis, in Tennessee; and those of the Eastern Department are in the city of New York. General Officers,

Major-General Alexander Macomb, General-in-Chief.

Washington City.

Head-Quarters,

Edmund P. Gaines, Brigadier-General-Major-General by Brevet. HeadQuarters, Memphis, Tennessee.

Winfield Scott, Brigadier-General-Major-General by Brevet. Head-Quarters, New York City.

Colonel Roger Jones, Adjutant-General.

Colonel John E. Wool, Inspector-General.

Colonel George Croghan,

Do.

Brigadier-General Thomas S. Jesup, Quartermaster-General-Major-General by Brevet.

Organization of the Army.

One Major-General; 2 Brigadier-Generals; 1 Adjutant-General; 2 In spector-Generals; 1 Quartermaster-General; 4 Quartermasters; 1 Commissary-General of Subsistence; 2 Commissaries; 1 Surgeon-General; 12 Surgeons; 55 Assistant Surgeons; 1 Paymaster-General; 14 Paymasters; I Commissary-General of Purchases; 2 Military Store-keepers; 18 Colonels; 28 Lieutenant-Colonels; 22 Majors; 136 Captains; 159 First Lieutenants;

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