Germany, Japan and Italy signed in Berlin (Sept. 27, 1940) a ten-year military and economic treaty-the Treaty of Berlin-by which they pooled their totalitarian armaments and pledged to help one another against the United States if one of them becomes involved with America. The official English translation of the treaty follows: The governments of Germany, Italy and Japan, considering it as a condition precedent of any lasting peace that all nations of the world be given each its own proper place, have decided to stand by and cooperate with one another in regard to their efforts in Greater East Asia and regions of Europe respectively wherein it is their prime purpose to establish and maintain a new order of things calculated to promote the mutual prosperity and welfare of the peoples concerned. Furthermore, it is the desire of the three governments to extend cooperation to such nations in other spheres of the world as may be inclined to put fourth endeavors along lines similar to their own, in order that their ultimate aspirations for world peace may thus be realized. Accordingly, the governments of Germany, Italy and Japan have agreed as follows: Article One-Japan recognizes and respects the leadership of Germany and Italy in establishment of a new order in Europe. Article Two-Germany and Italy recognize and respect the leadership of Japan in the establishment of a new order in Greater East Asia. Article Three-Germany. Italy and Japan agree to cooperate in their efforts on aforesaid lines. They further undertake to assist one another with all political, economic and military means when one of the three contracting powers is attacked by a power at present not involved in the European war or in the Chinese-Japanese conflict. 4,230 Dawson 235,428 Zanzibar Article Four-With the view to implementing the present pact, joint technical commissions, members which are to be appointed by the respective governments of Germany, Italy and Japan, will meet without delay. Article Five-Germany, Italy and Japan affirm that the aforesaid terms do not in any way affect the political status which exists at present as between each of the three contracting parties and Soviet Russia. Article Six-The present pact shall come into effect immediately upon signature and shall remain in force ten years from the date of its coming into force. At the proper time before expiration of said term the high contracting parties shall at the request of any of them enter into negotiations for its renewal. In faith whereof, the undersigned, duly authorized by their respective governments, have signed this pact and have affixed hereto their signatures. Done in triplicate at Berlin, the 27th day of September, 1940, in the eighteenth year of the Fascist era, corresponding to the 27th day of the ninth month of the fifteenth year of Showa [the reign of Emperor Hirohito]. Hungary joined the Axis (Nov. 20, 1940), Rumanía (Nov. 23) and Slovakia (Nov. 24). Bulgaria signed as a member (March 1, 1941). Yugoslavia attached its signature (March 25) with the provision that Axis troops should not march through the country and that its sovereignty and territorial integrity should be respected. The regime that signed the pact with the Axis was overthrown two days later and the new Cabinet did not ratify the agreement. The subjugation of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers followed. Croatia, carved from a part of vanquished Yugoslavia, joined the Axis (June 15, 1941) in a ceremony in Venice. The Average Father of 32,000,000 in the U. S. Statisticians of the Census Bureau picture the average of 32,000,000 fathers in the United States as follows: Age: 44. The odds are 9 to 1 that he is a married man living with his wife and has one to two children living at home. The rest of the fathers are mostly widowers and a very small sprinkling of divorced males. The chances are 3 to 2 that he will live in a city of 2,500 or more. The odds are 8 to 1 that he has a job in private or non-emergency work. If he works in an industrial establishment his yearly wage is about $1,100 or $1,200 a year. It is 9 to 1 he is white and 3 to 2 he is a native American whose parents were born here. He spends about $1,200 a year for family purchases in retail stores; he worries over a $480 annual tax bill. About 2,250,000 fathers each year have the thrill of a childbirth in the home, about 25,000 of which involve twins, 274 triplets and 2 quadruplets. One father in the United States has 27 children. United States Trade with Latin-American Countries Commodity Total Exports. Iron and steel mill products. Industrial machinery Chemical products Electrical mach. and apparatus. Textile manufactures. Rice, flour, other veg. prod. Crude petrol., refined oils. Paper and paper materials Millions of dol. 1938 1939 1940 489.7,562.5 718.5 40.1 61.6115.3 67.6 69.6 74.5 53.1 56.3 74.3 Commodity Bituminous coal. Total Imports 28.7 39.2 55.2 Coffee... 34.7 34.5 37.2 Crude petrol., semifin, oils. 28.3 28.5 25.7 Raw wool 7.7 10.8 22.7 Hides and skins Meats, fats, milk, edib. animal prod 14.7 17.8 19.8 Cocoa Agricultural implements Lumber and wood products. 21.9 16.2 14.4 Sodium nitrate. Millions of dol. 1938 1939 1940 3.0 5.1 8.7 12.0 10.3 7.5 94.1 112.5 148.4 447.4 495.8593.0 133.8 136.2 124.3 79.7 75.0 69.7 26.6 30.1 51.9 18.9 23.3 47.6 7.8 17.1 46.7 9.8 19.0 24.4 12.1 13.2 13.1 10.7 11.2 12.5 148.0 170.7 202.8 170.7/202.8 AVIATION International Aeronautical Records Source: The National Aeronautic Association, duPont Circle, Washington, D. C., representative in the United States of the Federal Aeronautique Internationale, world sport governing body for aeronautics. The officers of the association are: Charles F. Horner, president; George B. Logan, vicepresident; William R. Enyart, secretary, and John H. Jouett, treasurer. The International Aeronautical Federation was formed (1905) by representatives from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Switzerland and the United States, with headquarters in Paris. Regulations for the control of official records were signed (Oct. 14, 1905). Thirty-eight countries were members of the association (1939). The records presented here are as of Oct. 1, 1941. World records are defined as maximum performance, regardless of class or type of aircraft used. Records accepted by the Federation follow: WORLD AIR RECORDS Maximum speed over a 3-kilometer course (1.864 miles)-755.138 km. p. h. (469.220 m. p. h.)—Fritz Altitude 22,066 meters (72,394.795 feet) Anderson and Stevens, United States, November 11, 1935. All other records, international in scope, are termed International records and are divided into classes, free balloons, airships, airplanes, seaplanes, amphibians, gliders, and helicopters. In the following tables categories are used and are defined as: 1st category. 2nd category. 3rd category. 4th category.. Light airplanes Engine cylinder displacement .397-549 cubic inches 122-244 cubic inches Light seaplanes Distance closed circuit (International)-12,935.770 kilometers (8,037.899 miles)-Angelo Tondi, Roberto Dagasso and Ferruccio Vignoli, Aldo Stagliano, Italy, July 30-31-Aug. 1, 1939. (United States)-5,036 kilometers (3,129.219 miles)-Major C. V. Haynes and Capt. W. D. Old, U. S. A., A. C. pilots; Capt. W. G. Bryte, Lt. A. C. Brandt, Sergt. A. Cattarius, Sergt. D. L. Spicer and Corp. J. E. Sands, U. S. A., A. C., crew; Dayton, O., Aug. 1-2, 1939. Distance airline (International)-11,520.421 kilometers (7,158.440 miles)-Squadron Leader R. Kellett, Flight Lt. R. T. Gething and Pilot Officer M. L. Gaine (one plane); Flight Lt. A. N. Combe, Flight Lt. B. K. Burnett and Sergt. H. B. Gray (second plane); Great Britain, Nov. 5-7, 1938. (United States) 8,065.736 kilometers (5,011.800 miles)-Russell N. Boardman and John Polando, from Brooklyn, N. Y.. to Istanbul, Turkey, July 28-30, 1931. Altitude (International)-17,083 meters (56,046.473 feet)-Col. Mario Pezzi, Italy, Oct. 22, 1938. (United States)-13,157 meters (42,165.880 feet)-Lt. Apollo Souceck, Anacostia, D. C., June 4, 1930. Maximum speed (International)-Speed 755.138 km. p. h. (469.22- m. p. h.)-Fritz Wendel, Germany, April 26, 1939. (United States)-speed 567.115 km. p. h. (352.388 m. p. h.)-Howard R. Hughes, Santa Ana, Calif., Sept. 13, 1935. Speed for 100 kilometers (62.137 miles)) (International)-Speed 634.320 km. p. h. (394.147 m. p. h.)— Major Gen. Ernst Udet, Germany, June 5, 1938. (United States)-Speed 470.896 km. p. h. (292.600 m. p. h.) Miss Jacqueline Cochran, Acomita, N. M., April 20, 1940. Speed for 1,000 kilometers (621.369 miles) (International)-Speed 524.185 km. p. h. (325.713 m. p. h.) -Furio Niclot, Italy, Dec. 9, 1937. (United States)-Speed 492.341 km. p. h. (305.926 m. p. h.), Miss Jacqueline Cochran, Burbank-San Francisco-Burbank, Calif., course, Sept. 15, 1939. Speed for 2,000 kilometers (1,242.739 miles) (International)-Speed 533.847 km. p. h. (331.716 m. p. h.), Miss Jacqueline Cochran, Mt. Wilson, Calif.-Mesa Giganta, N. M.-Mt. Wilson, Calif., course, April 6, 1940. (United States) same. Speed for 5,000 kilometers (3,106.849 miles) (International)-Speed, 404.936 km. p. h. (251.615 m. p. h.), Nicholas Chebanov and Vladimir Matvejev, Sebastopol course, Aug. 28, 1939. (United States) -Speed 272.030 km. p. h. (169.031 m. p. h.) D. W. Tomlinson and J. A. Bartels, Floyd Bennett-Bolling Field-Floyd Bennett Field course, May 16-17, 1935. Speed for 10,000 kilometers (6,213.698 miles) (International)-Speed 311.620 km. p. h. (193.631 m. p. h.) -Comm. Rossi and Adjt. Chief Emont, France, Aug. 15-16, 1939.* LIGHT AIRPLANES (first category) Distance, Airline (International)-3,318.198 kilometers (2,061.703 miles)-A. Goussarov and V. Gieboy, U. S. S. R., Sept. 23, 1937.* Speed for 100 kilometers (62.137 miles) (International) -Speed 392.584 km. p. h. (243.940 m. p. h.)Giorgio Parodi, Italy, Aug. 27, 1939. (United States)-Speed 333.179 km. p. h. (207.027 m. p. h.)Clarence R. McArthur, New Orleans,, La., June 26, 1938. Altitude (International)-9,075 meters (29,773.560 feet)-Herman Illg, Germany, July 7, 1939. (United States)-5,721 meters (18,769.646 feet)-Grace Huntington, Burbank, Calif., May 31, 1939. LIGHT AIRPLANES (second category) Speed 100 kilometers (International) -Speed 383.386 km. p. h. (238.225 m. p. h.)—S. J. Wittman, Distance, Airline (International)-6,303.840 kilometers (3,917.017 miles)-Horst Pulkowski and Lt. R. Jenett, Germany, from Bengasi, Libya, to Gaya, British India, Dec. 29-31, 1938. (United States)3.986.944 kilometers (2,477.367 miles)-J. M. Jones, Nov. 29-30, 1938. LIGHT AIRPLANES (fourth category) Distance, Airline (International)-1,909.833 kilometers (1,186.713 miles)-Heinz Gabler, Germany, Aug. 2, 1939. (United States)-1,631.878 kilometers (1,014 miles)-Robert E. Bryant, from Miami, Fla., to Camden, N. J., July 31, 1939. SEAPLANES (Class C2) Distance, closed circuit (International) 5,200 kilometers (3,231.123 miles)-Mario Stoppani__and Carlo Tonini, Italy, May 27-28, 1937. (United States)-2,525 kilometers (1,569 miles)-Lts. B. J. Connell and H. C. Rodd, San Diego, Cal., Aug. 15-16, 1927. Distance, Airline (International)-9,652.001 kilometers (5,997.462 miles)-Capt. D. C. T. Bennett and First Officer I. Harvey, Great Britain, from Dundee, Scotland, to near Port Nolloth, S. Africa, Oct. 6-8, 1938. (United States)-5,280.015 kilometers (3,281.402 miles)-Lt. Commdr. Kneffer McGinnis, U. S. N., Lt. J. K. Averill, U. S. N., N. A. P., T. P. Wilkinson, U. S. N., from Cristobal Harbor, C. Z., to San Francisco Bay, Alameda, Calif., Oct. 14-15, 1935. Maximum speed (International)-Speed 709.209 km. p. h. (440.681 m. p. h.)-Francesco Agello, Italy, Indicates no United States record has been established. |
