Anglo-Saxon Architecture.

Rules for Ornamental Drawing.

THE illuminated manuscripts of the Anglo- WITH a view of extending a knowledge of Saxons bring to light the costume and the ornamental drawing and design, we purpose domestic manners of our forefathers clearer

than any other class of monuments now existing. It has often been observed that, whatever subject the earlier artists treated, they represented faithfully and invariably the manners and fashions of the day. In the British Museum there is preserved a copy of Alfric's Anglo-Saxon translation of the "Pentateuch," which was written in the closing year of the tenth century or at the beginning of the eleventh. It is nearly filled with pictures, and contains a great mass of architectural detail.

The universal fault of the Anglo-Saxon artists is the incorrect proportions, as seen in the subjoined sketches, but at the same time the architectural character is perfectly defined.

Fig. 1 is taken from the Cotton MS., and is intended for an arcade, and in several of the drawings persons of rank are placed between the columns distributing justice or giving alms to the poor.

Society of Arts.

giving a series of preparatory drawings, showing the different curves necessarily employed to produce an elegant and graceful appearance. In former numbers we have stated the

method of proceeding; with the first sketch LIST OF SUBJECTS AND PRIZES FOR we will, however, give the plan again.

Fig. 1 is a diagramic outline, which is commenced by drawing the arcs as dotted, and afterwards the exterior shape, care being taken to have each side equal from the centre. Fig. 2 is a finished one.

THE YEAR 1848.

STUDENTS' CLASS.-Prizes (in money or books) for the encouragement of studies for decorative design, open to competitors of either sex under twenty-one years of age. The object of these prizes is to promote that careful mode of early DISCOVERY OF MEZZOTINTO. It is well study, which the society considers essential to known that many of the important discoveries success and most conducive to the interest of in the arts and sciences, have been quite acci- art and manufactures. For the best original dental, or have arisen from very trivial circum-studies from nature (either cartoons or models), stances. The beautiful manner of finishing size of life, unless otherwise expressed, of_the prints, called mezzotinto, was discovered by following:-Of a group of Hands and Feet Prince Rupert, who going out early one morn- with characteristic action.-Of a group of ing, observed a sentinel, at some distance from Hands and Feet with characteristic action, his post, very busy doing something to his engraved in line, quarter size.-Of a Head piece. The prince inquired what he was of a Child.-Of a Head of a Child, enabout. The soldier replied that the dew having graved in line, quarter size.-Of a Draped fallen in the night, had made his fusil rusty, Figure from Nature, two feet high. Of and that he was scraping and cleaning it. The the front view of a Head of a_Ram,—of prince on looking at it, was struck with some- a Bull, or of a Horse.-Of an Owl,-of a thing like a figure eaten into the barrel, with Swan, of an Eagle, or Vulture, front view, innumerable little holes close together, like (not less than half size).—Of the Hop, and friezed work on gold or silver, part of which the Bindweed or Convolvulus Major, and the the soldier had scraped away. He concluded Red-berried Bryony.-Of an Oak with and that some contrivance might be found to cover without foliage.-Of a Spanish Chesnut with a brass plate with such a grained ground of and without foliage. Drawing two feet high. fine pressed holes, which would undoubtedly-For the best group of Oak and Ivy Leaves, give an impression all black, and by scraping arranged together ornamentally. For the best away proper parts, the smooth superficies studies of Twelve British Wild Flowers. would leave the rest of the paper white. ComCLASS II-ORIGINAL DESIGNS FOR DECORAmunicating this idea to a painter, they made TION, OPEN TO COMPETITORS OF EITHER SEX several experiments, and at last invented a AND ALL AGES.-For the best Chalk or Monosteel roller, cut with tools to make teeth like a chrome Drawing, being an original composifile or rasp, with projecting points, which pro- tion, of Children half life size, for a circular duced the black ground; being scraped away compartment, the Silver Medal and Five and diminished at pleasure left the gradations Pounds.-For the best Chalk or Monochrome of light. Drawing, being an original composition, LAMB'S NEW LIFE-BOAT.-This new inven- of Figures half-life size, to fill a spandrel tion is that of Mr. Lamb, engineer of the of an equilateral arch of two centres, the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Silver Medal and Five Pounds.-For the best Company. It is formed of several water-tight Cartoon, being an original composition, of a compartments built in, in sections, with the group of the Rose, Shamrock, and Thistle, boat, in such a manner that the destruction of arranged ornamentally, a Silver Medal and one does not affect any of the others; they are Three Pounds.-For the best Cartoon of an rounded off at the top, by which plan, the arrangement of the White Lily, for a decoragreat bulk of the water (supposing the boat tive purpose. The Silver Medal and Two filled by a sea) is tipped out as she rolls, thus Pounds.-For the best design for a Chimneyenabling her to be emptied without the tedious piece with bas-reliefs, scale three inches to the process of baling; and as she cannot be sunk, foot, with working drawings full size. The Sileven when under canvas and quite full of ver Medal and Ten Pounds.-For a Model of a water, all the men have to do is to hold on, or, Chimney-piece with bas-reliefs; scale, three when in a storm, lashed. Both stem and stern inches to the foot, and details full size. The are alike, and so fitted that the boat may be Silver Medal and Twenty Pounds.-For the steered with an oar should the rudder be car- Model of Soup Tureen and Cover, to be exeried away. There are spacious hermetically cuted in Earthenware. The Silver Medal and closed air compartments both fore and aft; are Five Pounds.-For the Model of a Salad Bowl. suited for containing water, and the other, The Silver Medal and Three Pounds. For the food, and capable of holding a month's pro- best Drawings of a series of British Wild visions for fifty men, which number she can Flowers, to be treated for Printing on China, accommodate with ease. Access to these as ornaments. The Silver Medal and Five compartments is obtained by means of a manhole fitted on deck. In experiments that have been made with her, the utmost efforts to capsise her have failed, even when under canvas, and with eighty to ninety hands on board.

Pounds. For the best Working Drawing of a group of Fish and Game treated ornamentally as a bas-relief. The Silver Medal and Five Pounds, for a Cartoon; and the Silver Medal and Ten Pounds for a Model.-For the best

The

two Waiting Rooms, a Watercloset inside, and another outside. A Kitchen Cellar, and Three Rooms for the Station Clerk. Scale, one-eighth of an inch to the foot, with such Details to a larger scale as the author may consider necessary for the full developement of his design.

Design for a Stained-Glass Window, to suit a description, where the outlay must neccessarily room or passage in the Italian style of archi- be very limited, that both with a view to ecotecture. The Silver Medal and Ten Pounds.-nomy of material, and likewise to external For the best Working Model of an original effect, it will be considered desirable that the Design for a Silver Goblet, suitable to be awar- cottages should be erected in pairs, the wall ded as a Prize value One Hundred Guineas, in between them containing the flues; in such conformity with the bequest of the late Dr. cases the details of one only will be required. George Swiney. The decorations to be emble- It is necessary that consideration should be matical of Justice. The large Gold Medal of given, firstly, to the most convenient arrangeTwenty-five Pounds. -For the best original ment of the parts; secondly, to the best means Design and Working Drawings for a Pair of of ventilation, drainage, supply of water, Carriage Gates, in iron; scale, two inches to cleanliness, and economical heating; and the foot, and details full size. The Silver lastly, to combine therewith the most pleasing Medal and Ten Pounds. For the best orna- and picturesque effect attainable with reference mental Design suitable for Printing on a Child's to the limited outlay. The cost of a Double Mug. The Silver Medal and Five Pounds.- Cottage erected in Middlesex, when completed, For the best Design and Working Drawings with the requisite Landlord's Fixtures, must for a pair of Folding-Doors, with bas-reliefs not exceed £300.-For the best original Design on the panels. The Silver Medal and Ten for an Intermediate Railway Station. Pounds. For the best Drawings of an original Gold Medallion. There must be a Campanile, Design for an ornamental carved Sideboard, or Clock Tower, and a Platform 300 feet long combining elegance with utility. The Draw-roofed over; also a Porch, a Booking Office, ings to be to a scale of three inches to a foot, with the requisite Working Drawings full size. The Silver Medal and Twenty Pounds.-For the best original Design and Working Drawings for a Chandelier to be executed in Metal, scale, quarter full size. The Silver Medal and Ten Pounds.-A Model of a Bracket to support a CLASS III.-Medals of Gold or Silver, and figure two feet high. The Silver Medal and Honorary Testimonials, will be given to ManuFive Pounds.-A Design for a Tea Caddy to be facturers and others, who shall exhibit, at the executed in Wood. The Silver Medal and Society's House, in the year 1848, fine and Five Pounds-A Design for an Encaustic original specimens of the following British Tile, pattern in the Italian style. The Silver Manufactures recently executed: - Ribbon Medal and Three Pounds.-Models of a Door and Silk Weaving.-Chintz Printing.-Paper Knocker and Scraper. The Silver Medal and Hangings.-Iron and Brass Casting, applied to Five Pounds.-A Design for a Tea-Urn or ornamental purposes.-Metal Figure Casting. Table Tea-Kettle, with Working Drawings full-The most beautiful novelty in Earthenware. size. The Silver Medal and Ten Pounds.- -China Painting.-Printing and Colouring on For a Design for an ornamental Cast-iron China.-Ornamental Cutlery.-Largest SpeciPillar to support the roof of a railway plat-men of perfect Electrotype Figures.-Best Speform; scale, three inches to the foot, the cimen of Turquoise Blue on China not affected details full size. The Silver Medal and Five by acids.—Best Specimen of Crimson on China. Pounds. For a combined Design for a Finger -Best Work of Art applied to Paper Hanging. Plate and Lock Furniture to match. TheThe best Specimen of Glass Staining.Silver Medal and Five Pounds.-A Design and Working Drawings for a Pendant Hall-Lamp, for Gas. The Silver Medal and Five Pounds. -Model for a Table Candlestick, to be executed in Metal or China. The Silver Medal and Five Pounds. For a new Design of a Glass Decanter and a Wine-Glass. The Silver Medal and Five Pounds.-For a new Design for a Tea Tray to be executed in Papier-Mâché. The Silver Medal and Five Pounds.-For a Model for an Ornamental Case for a ChimneyPiece Clock. A Gold Medal or Twenty Pounds. For a Design for a Chimney-Glass Frame. The Silver Medal and Five Pounds. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS, &c.-For the best Design for a Labourer's Cottage in the Country. The large Gold Medal or Thirty-one Pounds Ten Shillings. The Drawings to comprise a general Plan, Elevation, and Section, drawn to a scale of three-eighths of an inch to the foot, together with the requisite Working Drawings to a larger scale, and a General Specification of the internal Finishing and Fittings proposed. The Design must provide a Living Room, a Scullery, and three Bedrooms. Presuming that in structures of this

Medals and Honorary Testimonials will be given for the best Specimens produced during the preceding year in Bookbinding.-Laid Paper for Writing, of the greatest Strength, Lightness, Beauty, and Durability.-Typography.-Printing in Colours for Books.-All these are to be sent in on or before the 5th of February.-The Society states that its Rewards are not limited to the subjects specified, but that Rewards will be given to other meritorious works in all branches of Art.

Copies of the Designs or Models rewarded in Class II. are to be deposited and left in the Society's Museum; but the copyright will remain with the artist, provided that the work is executed for sale, and published, and that a manufactured specimen is exhibited at the Society's Exhibition of Decorative Manufactures in the year following.

In case the work shall not be so executed and exhibited, the Society reserve to themselves the right of causing the same to be executed on such terms as they may think expedient.

The Society expressly reserves to itself power in all cases, of giving such part only of