The Geological Strata. THE strata composing the earth's crust is divided by most geologists into two great classes: 1. Those generally attributed to the agency of water. 2. To the action of fire; which may be subdivided as follows: (a) Aqueous formations, stratified, rarely crystalline (sedimentary or fossiliferous rocks; metamorphic or unfossiliferous). (b) Igneous formations, unstratified, crystalline (volcanic, as basalt; platonic, as granite). The geological record is classified into five main divisions or periods: 1. The Archæan, lifeless and dawn of life. 2. The Paleozoic (ancient life). 3. The Mesozoic (middle life). 4. The Cenozoic (recent life). 5. Quaternary, the age in which man's first appearance is indicated. Paleozoic 3. Purbeck. Jurassic 2. Oōlite. 1. Lias. 4. Rhætic. 7. Trias- 3. Upper. sic. 1. Lower. 3. Permian, Neocomian. Lower Greensand. Purbeck, Portland, Kimmeridge. Kössen beds, Dachstein beds; Alpine Muschelkalk Bunter-Sandstein, 2. Magnesian Limestone. 1. Lower Red Sandstone, or Rothli Carboniferous 2. Carboniferous. 3. Upper Coal-Measures. Age of Coal Era. Age of Fishes. Age of Archæan Period. 2. Lower Coal-Measures. [gendes, Lower Carbonifercus. Mountain Lime- Catskill Red Sandstone. Portage. Genesee Slate. Hamilton beds. Marcellus Shale. Upper Helderberg, Scho- Oriskany Sandstone. Lower Helderberg. Onondaga Salt Group. Water Lime. Old Red Sandstone. Salina beds. Eozoic (dawn of life). 1. Laurentian. Huronian. Azoic (lifeless). Latitude and Longitude Table. (LONGITUDE RECKONED FROM GREENWICH.) Specially prepared for THE WORLD ALMANAC. 011 ..16 50 56 N. 0 28 23.3 E. 0 2 5.4 W. 4 44 15.3 W. 3 58 29.3 W. 017 23. 6 E. 3 53 28.9 W. 553 20. 7 E. 5 9 3.0 W. 0 022.7 E. 4 44 31.0 W. 733 46, 3 E. 5 2 5.0 W. 4 40 14,6 W. 5 4 2.0 W. 4 29 5.0 W. 4 59 50, 7 W. 11 11 56. 8 W. 113 58.0 E. 4 12 27.5 W. 519 32.0 W. 0 632,5 W. 5 50 26.7 W. 0 42 53.8 E. 537 41.3 W. 5 137.4 W. 519 21.9 E. 156 3.7 E. 05018. 8 E. 352 46.0 W. 659 47.6 W. 0 25 21.1 W. 01243.1 W. 8 13 47.1 W. 4 33 49. 2 W. 154 16.0 W. 5 25 51.1 W. 045 1.5 E. 1 735.6 W. 619 9.7 W. 024 36.8 E. 0 17 10.6 W 021 23.3 W. 0 0 0.04 14 21. 1 W. 039 53.8 E. 4.49 7.9 W. 5 29 26.0 W. 9 49 20,5 E. 736 41.9 E. 1031 28. 0 W. 527 12.3 W. 5 710.7 W. 036 44.7 W. 01217.3 W. Lt. denotes a light-house. Greenwich, Eug. Halifax, N.S. Hamburg, Ger.. Hanover, N. H.. Havana, Cuba... Hobart Town, Tas.. Hong Kong, China". Honolulu (Reef Lt.). Key West, Fla., Lt.. Kingston, Jam Lisbon, Portugal*. Liverpool.. Observatories, H. M. S. 557 37.8 W. 520 59.4 E. 01445. 4 W. 8 3 50.0 E. 021 34.6 E. 9 39 54,1 E. 636 26.7 W. 043 15.7 W. 454 18.7 W. 230 17.2 E. 8 634.1 W. 046 26.1 E. 4 642.7 W. 057 1.8 E. 54712,0 W. 5 927.8 W. 2 4 1.2 E. 451 42.1 W. 6 013.9 W. 455 53.6 W. 0 29 12.2 E. 5 511.0 W. 142 40.0 E. 61235.8 W. 2 3 2.2 E. 727 59.6 W. 0 5 0.4 W. 518 8.8 W. 314 0.0 W. 549 14.1 W. 0 9 20.9 E. 21927.8 W. 449 28.0 W. 5 038.5 W. 1025 0.0 W, 441 1.2 W. 3 49 57.7 E. 2 915.5 E 4 6 2.5 W. 351.26.0 W. 057 40.3 E. 4 58 37.5 W. 44537.5 W. 444 52, 6 W. 5 944, 0 W. 252 41. 4 W. 510 21.8 W. 7 6 48.7 E. 049 55.6 E. 456 0.6 W. 748 38.7 W. 8 942.8 W. 4 24 29,8 W. 5 322.0 W. 524 21.7 W. 8 919.9 W. 8 555.7 E. 655 25.0 E. 330 43.6 W. 0 22 52.0 W. 2 113.5 E. 6 049.1 W. 2 29 16. 6 E. 11214.0 E. 10 449.5 E. 041 14.5 E. 918 58.0 E. 02031.7 E. 4 46 34.8 W. 049 22.1 E. 6 24 31.8 W. 8 13 33. 8 W. 1 521.5 E. 124 7.4 E. 5 815.7 W. 11 39 6.5 E. 455 50.6 W. 9 18 36.9 E. 4 52 50, 4 W. 2 36 44,7 E † Highest latitude in U. S. territory. Races of Mankind. THE following is compiled from the arrangement by Ethnologist Figuier and others: WHITE RACE. Teutonic Family.......Scandinavians, Germans, English. Latin Family. European ......French, Spaniards, Italians, Moldo-Wallachians. Libyan Family.. .......Egyptians, Berbers. Semitic Family. A ramean Hyperborean Persian Family. ...... Arabs, Jews, Syrians. ...Persians, Afghans, Kurds, Armenians, Ossetines. Georgian Family.......Georgians, Circassian Family......Circassians, Mingrelians. YELLOW RACE. Lapp Family...... Mongol Family...... Tunguse Family..... and Koriak Families. Mongols, Kalmucks, Buriats. Turcomans, Kirghis, Nogays, Osmanlis. Yakuts. Chinese Family........Chinese. Indo-Chinese Family.. Burmese, Siamese. BROWN RACE. Sikhs, Jats, Rajpoots, Mahrattas, Bengalese, Cingalese. ....Malabars, Tamals, Telingas. Abyssinian Family.. Abyssinians, Berabras, Gallas. Fellans. Malays, Javanese, Battas, Bougis, Maccassars, Dyaks, Togals, Polynesian Family....Maoris, Tongas, Tahitians, Pomotouans, Marquesans, Sandwichians. Micronesian Family.... Ladrone, Caroline, and Mulgrave Islanders. Mongolian Branch. Turk Family. Yakut Family Sinalc Branch. Japanese Family .....Japanese. RED RACE. Andian Family.........Quichuas (or Incas), Antis, Andians, Araucanians. Patagonians, Puelches, Charruas, Tobas, Moxas, Abipous,etc. Southern Family....... Aztecs, Mayas, Lencas, Othomis, Tarascas, etc. Northwestern Family. Chinooks, Digger Indians, Nootkans, etc. Papuan Family........ Fijians, New Caledonians, etc. Andaman Family......Andamans, Australians. Height and Weight of Men. TABLE OF AVERAGE HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF MALES, BASED ON ANALYSIS OF 74,162 ACCEPTED APPLICANTS FOR LIFE INSURANCE AS REPORTED TO THE ASSOCIATION HEIGHT. OF LIFE INSURANCE MEDICAL DIRECTORS, Age. Age. 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 Pounds. Pounds. Pounds, Pounds, Pounds. Pound3. 133 134 131 Age. Age. Age. Age. Age. 134 134 5 feet 1 inch 122 126 129 131 134 136 136 136 134 140 140 143 148 147 A Height and Weight Table compiled by a Committee of the Medical Section of the National Fraternal Congress, 1900, which is the analysis of 133,940 applications of selected risks, in a few instances differed very slightly from the above. HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF WOMEN. The following table gives the relative height and weight of women, all ages. The weight of ordinary clothing, however, is included: Metric System of Weights and Measures. THE METRIC SYSTEM has been adopted by Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Peru, etc., and except Russia and Great Britain, where it is permissive, by all European nations. Various names of the preceding systems are, however, frequently used: In Germany. kilogram 1 pound; in Switzerland, 3-10 of a metre 1 foot, etc. If the first letters of the prefixes deka, hecto, kilo, myria, from the Greek, and deci, centi, mili, from the Latin, are used in preference to our plain English, 10, 100, etc., it is best to employ capital letters for the multiples and small letters for the subdivisions, to avoid ambiguities in abbreviations: 1 dekametre or 10 metres - 1 Dm.; 1 decimetre or 1-10 of a metre- 1 dm. The METRE, unit of length, is nearly the ten-millionth part of a quadrant of a meridian, of the distance between Equator and Pole. The International Standard Metre is, practically, nothing else but a length defined by the distance between two lines on a platinum-iridium bar at 0° Centigrade, deposited at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, Paris, France. The LITRE, unit of capacity, is derived from the weight of one kilogram pure water at greatest density, a cube whose edge is one-tenth of a metre and, therefore, the one-thousandth part of a metric ton. The GRAM, unit of weight, is a cube of pure water at greatest density, whose edge is one-hundredth of a metre, and, therefore, the one-thousandth part of a kilogram, and the one-millionth part of a metric ton. The Metric System was legalized in the United States on July 28, 1866, when Congress enacted as follows: The tables in the schedule hereto annexed shall be recognized in the construction of contracts, and in all legal proceedings, as establishing, in terms of the weights and measures now in use in the United States, the equivalents of the weights and measures expressed therein in terms of the metric system, and the tables may lawfully be used for computing, determining, and expressing in customary weights and measures the weights and measures of the metric system. The following are the tables annexed to the above: TABLES FOR THE CONVERSION OF METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES INTO CUSTOMARY UNITED STATES EQUIVALENTS AND THE REVERSE. From the legal equivalents are deduced the following tables for converting United States weights and measures: SQUARE MEASURE. 10.155 20.310 30.465 40, 620 5.0.775 6.0.930 7.1.085 8-1.240 9. 1.395 1-10.764 221.528 2 2.392 332,292 33.588 4-43.055 4 4.784 5-53,819 6 1.196 1 35.314 5- 5.980 64.583 6 886.111 8 9.568 9-10,764 LIQUID MEASURE. 1 0.02832 DRY MEASURE. EQUIVALENTS IN DE- |
