were poor enough. So, taking it all together, you will see that the boys and girls of to-day would find themselves anything but happy if they should be suddenly set down in the America of Washington's day, with all the wants and none of the comforts of to-day, and told to make men and women of themselves.

But it was these men and women, these boys and girls that Washington was elected to govern and make a nation of. He set about it at once. The first thing he did was to select the men with whom he could talk and work as his advisers. They were to be the heads of the different departments of the government — the State Department, which looked after the things that were to be carried on between the United States and other nations; the Treasury Department, which looked after the money matters of the country; the War Department, which looked after the soldiers and sailors; and the Law Department, which settled questions in dispute, and advised the other departments what to do in such cases. Since Washington's time other departments have been added — the Navy Department, the Postoffice Department, the Department of the Interior and the Department of Agriculture; but when the first American president went into office, there were but four of these departments, and the heads or secretaries of these four departments were selected by Washington, and made by him his advisers or Cabinet, as it is now called.

You must not think that because the people hailed Wash

ington as a hero and cheered him as president, that everybody agreed upon the way things were done or ought to be done. They did not. There was discussion, and wrangling, and dispute and quarrelling in Congress and out, just as there is now, and just as there has always been, ever since men began to act for themselves, and tried to govern themselves. This is what makes what we call political parties; and, as there were Tories and Patriots in the Revolution, and as there are Republicans and Democrats to-day, so, when the government was first formed, there were two parties, the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists—those who liked the United States (or Federal) government, and believed in the Constitution, and those who liked best the old plan of the states governing themselves and did not believe in the Constitution. Washington and Franklin were the greatest Federalists, and their following was large.

But Washington knew that even those who did not believe as he did might be men of wisdom, with a right to their opinions. He did not think, as do so many boys and girls and a great many grown folks also, that the person who does not believe as they do is a stupid or dangerous knownothing. So, when he made up his advisers or Cabinet, President Washington invited, among others, Hamilton, the most earnest of Federalists, and Jefferson, the warmest of Anti-Federalists. He did this because he considered them the best men he could select for the departments he wished to give into their charge; and Thomas Jefferson was ap

pointed Secretary of State, and Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury - the two most important places in the Cabinet.

It is often the little things that bother people the most. Now it seems a small thing to worry over, just how to speak of the president, and just how he should see the people. But it turned out to be quite an important affair. You see the nation was new; it was made up of people who had been used to kings and royal governors both those who respected them and those who disliked them. It is a hard thing to satisfy everybody. Certain of the people thought that, as the head of a nation, the President should have some grand title like His Grace, or His High Mightiness or, as the Senate really decided, His Highness the President of the United States and Protector of their Liberties; others wished to have no title whatever, for fear the presidents should think themselves too grand and "give themselves airs." Washington, himself, cared little for titles. "A grand name is of no value," he said, "if the man who bears it is not worthy or noble, or one who tries to so live and act that the title shall really be suited to him." "It is best to be a plain and simple Mr.' if one is but a gentleman," he said. He was therefore really pleased when it was decided to address him just as the Constitution called him "the President of the United States " and "Mr. President," and the title has remained unchanged from Washington's day to this.

So many people wished to see him from curiosity, on