this purpose; otherwise, he would not in the negociations of 1806, have proposed to divest France of so important a portion of her colonial possessions, in both the East and West Indies. It is therefore apparent, that if France ever become a great naval power, England must not only compel her to the necessity of it, but must undertake to be her instructor; and that for making an attempt which must necessarily employ so large a proportion of her resources, she can have no motive but the expectation of terminating a war, the continuance of which cannot fail, from the nature and extent of our strength, to be the perpetual object of her vigilance and her apprehension,"

Our author farther enforces his argument by a glance at past events, from which he draws this just and important conclusion:--That the present aggrandisement of France is not owing to the imprudent peace we made with her, but to our various efforts made to oppose her in every part of the globe where we imagined any prospect of success; and that, if Lord Grey had restored peace in 1806, it is highly probable that the continent would not have been reduced to its present unfortunate

state.

"Reflections of this nature (adds Mr. R.) may besupposed to have been as likely to occur to Lord Grey as to any man now living. He must have recollected what the relative situation of France and this Country was in 1806, and he cannot but be sensible, that the astonishing difference between that and the present, has been occasioned, not by a peace, but by a continuation of the war; which, whilst it has increased the resources and extended the dominions of France, has greatly diminished the power and influence of this country; has actually destroyed a great proportion of her military, and has reduced her to a situation, not only comparatively, but positively lower, than she was at the time such pacification was proposed. Yet with a full view of these circumstances, his lordship stands forward to say, that because the power of France is unhappily established over the greater part of Europe, we must continue the war! Το what are we to attribute the origin of

VOL. IX.

French aggrandizement, but to the attack of the allied sovereigns of Europe upon the then almost defenceless territory of France? To what is every accession that she has made, to be in fact imputed, but to a perseverance in the same hostile measures? Yet it must be confessed, that at times, just and reasonable hopes might have been entertained, that the power of the states confederated against her would prove successful, and be found sufficient-if not to conquer France, at least to keep her within her own limits; but, notwithstanding these warlike powers, ar rayed against her on every part of her frontiers, she has broken through the iron boundary, and diffused herself, like

side. Upon what grounds is it then to an ungovernable torrent, on every be argued, that the subjugation of France, which, when she was in a state of disorder and debility, could not be effected by the united efforts of Europe, should now, when she has acquired an accession of power beyond all that could have been conjectured, be accomplished by the sole efforts of this country, not only without the aid of, but in opposition to, those very powers, in alliance with whom we commenced the war? To what strange perversity

are we to attribute the conduct of our

statesmen, who, in proportion as the attainment of the object becomes more impracticable, and the attempt more dangerous, strengthen and confirm theinselves in their determination to pursue it; who, after having been repeatedly foiled in the attempt to conquer France by superiority of numbers, now expect to accomplish it with an inferiority so remarkable as to render all comparison as ridiculous; who, instead of learning caution from their own disappointments and their own weakness, feel only exasperation at the power of the enemy; who indulge their wishes, rather than their expectations, and in the eagerness of their desires to humiliate that foe whom they have so eminently contributed to raise, forget that the same causes will continue to produce the same effects; and who have flattered their own passions, and prejudices to such a degree, as even to stigmatize as IRRATIONAL, or INSANE, all those who would oppose their destructive career.-In the debate on this subject in the house of Lords, the Earl of Liverpool is said to have ob served, in his reply to Lord Grey, that

P

administration. The friends of peace aad reform have, however, to acknowledge their obligations to Lord Grey for his frankness: he can no longer deceive them; the opinions his lordship has so openly avowed must render it a matter of perfect indifference whether he be in or out of administration. Were he indeed to retire to his seat in Northumberland, to give up politics altogether, and to spend the remainder of his days in solitude and penitence, he probably would save himself much vexation, and his best friends the mortification of witnessing a political career, which, to borrow his language applied some years since to the career of " the geeat statesman now no more", but now the object of his lordship's panegyric,"exhibits one continued tissue of 66 apostacy!"

66

PEDRO REDIVIVUS.

Prison Abuses in Ireland, exemplified by Documents setting forth the Oppressions and Atrocities of Doctor Trevor, and his associates, as practised upon State Prisoners of Kilmainham; which Oppressions are alleged to have been committed by Order of Government, during the Earl of Hardwicke's administration in Ireland. Selected by St. John Mason, Esq. Barrister at Law; and dedicated to the right hon. R. B. Sheridan. p. 156. 2s. 6d. Prefixed to this pamphlet which contains much matter afforded at a cheap rate, is a declaration of the author, that Mr. Sheridan assures him that notwithstanding the treacherous and underhand efforts which he knows have been made by the delinquents, he will bring forward early in the present session, the question of Prison Abuses in Ireland. siderable part of the session is, however, elapsed, and the public have not yet had any hint from Mr. Sheridan on the subject. The awk

A con

ward situation in which the government of the country has been placed since the appointment of the Regent, who has, on account of the probable restoration of his Majesty, thought proper to retain his servants, although it is well known he has no partiality for the men, if for their general system, is perhaps the reason why Mr. S. has declined bringing forward the business: but the public good ought to be paramonnt to every other consideration, and we cannot but lament that the opposition to the Perceval administration have not been somewhat more attentive to their duty in parliament than of late they appear to have been.

Mr. St. John Mason, in his dedication, challenges any one to dispute the facts he has brought forward to demonstrate that there has been, more particularly in the department of the prison in which he has been confined, a system of atrocity and delinquency, practised by the professed instruments of government, acting under its sanction, and wielding a sort" of irresponsible authority, which that government con"tinued to extend, in the exact "ratio of the abuses which had been committed."

แ

"INDEX.

"DOCTOR TREVOR,

Dr. Trevor puts 5 stone weight of iron on Mr. Carty, which commissioners of prison inquiry condemn.-Blackens Mr. Carty's character to Mrs. Carty, before she is permitted to see him. Customary practice of Dr. Trevor.-Requires Mr. Carty and Mr. Galland to transport themselves. Says, if Mr. Carty consent the rigours of his imprisonment shall be abated.--Puts 56 pounds weight of iron on Mr. Coile for 3 months. N.B. The marks of the irons on his legs to this day. -Puts enormous irons on the state prisoners; strikes them off state allowance,

and puts them among felons, to compel them to consent to their transportation to Botany Bay. Mr. Doyle kept so for 8 months. Deprives state prisoners of food, when they received medicine: viz. Glauber salts, the usual medicine.-Employs a deaf and dumb nian, as a spy upon the state prisoners. Deaf and dumb man distributes his medicines.Makes the dumb man take an oath.Receives his testimony, declaring that dummy would not tell him a lie.-Receives, as magistrate, the oath of a convicted robber, under sentence of transportation, and since transported to Botany Bay. Requires the oath of a state prisoner in contradiction thereof.-Puts state prisoner among felons, for saying that he would not wash tables.-Deprives 55 state prisoners of food, for 3 days.-Deprives several state prisoners of state allowance for thirteen weeks, giving them bread and water only, and forcing them to lie with criminals under sentence of death, on the cold flags, without either bed or blanket.-Supplies wet and rotten straw for beds.-Imposes strict and rigid silence on Mr. Carty, for more than a year.-Prevents Mr. Carty's walking out, or seeing his wife, because he spoke to her about employing counsel for trial-Strips Mr. James Byrne, state prisoner, stark naked, before all the felons assembled in the yard of Kilmainham.-Locks Mr. Byrne up with 4 men, under sentence of death, for 2 nights and a day, without food of any kind, even a drop of water, during which time one of the men drank his own urine!-Makes a lascivious proposal to Mr. Byrne respecting his wife.-Lodges Mr. Gray between two brothels, to prevent his wife and children from going to him. -Employs soldiers, his Majesty's troops, as keepers, attendants, workmen in his bake-house, turnkeys, and as his own servants Employs state prisoners in grinding verdigrease, cleaning furniture for his own house, &c. Offers Mr. Bryan Devlin money to become an informer. Requires Anne Devlin, daughter of Mr. Bryan Devlin, (both state prisoners,) to become an informer. Treats her barbarously, when she refuses; and has her removed from Kilmainham to the Tower, Dublin Castle; and given up to the keeper with a wrong name, by his agent, George Dunn, now gaoler of Kilmainham, to prevent her friends discovering where she was removed to.Death of James Devlin, brother of said

Anne, caused by his removal from Kilmainham at night, during his illness.— Turns the wives and children of Mr. Dwyer and Mr. H. Byrne, who were in Kilmainham by agreement with government, out of the jail, late in the evening, without dinner; they not knowing where to put their heads. All for the alleged offences of their husbands.-Orders the gaoler to inform Mr. Lyons, a state prisoner, that if his brother would surrender to him, Dr. Trevor, that he, Lyons, should be instantly liberated.-Death of Mr. Camusky, a state prisoner, caused through want of medical aid, &c. Dr. Trevor prevents the inquest from stripping, examining or even approaching the body, which the coroner never saw, and concerning which no oath was ever administered to the jury; Dr. Trevor saying, that all they had to do, was to say if he, Camusky, were dead or not.Prevents liberation of state prisoners, when orders arrive from government for their enlargement; and declares that he will not let them out, so long as the Habeas Corpus act shall continue to be suspended.--Challenges Mr. Hickson, a state prisoner, who had made a complaint against George Dunn, (then a turnkey, now gaoler of Kilmainham,) to box it out with Dunn.-Barbarous treatment of Mr. James Tandy, who from his long residence and military services in India, had been subject to severe bilious attacks. During one of which, when Mr. Tandy was in solitary confinement, in Kilmainham, Dr. Trevor prevented the admittance of any physician, and of Mrs. Tandy, from Friday morning to the following Monday. Mr. Tandy received no advice or assistance from Dr. Trevor during this attack; and no person was suffered near him, but one of the attendants. N.B. Said Dr. Trevor, as a magistrate of the county of Dublin, commits men, as state prisoners, to said prison of Kilmainham, of which he is the inspector, baker, caterer, &c. &c. &c. Borrows money from Tom Galvan, hangman of Kilmainham.

FACTS, Sworn to. "Bad meat, bad bread, bad butter, bat beer, bad milk, and putrid water. --Filthy rooms, filthy attendants, and filthy service of food.--Hangman, an attendant.-State prisoners closely confined, for 22 hours of the 24.--Difficulties of access to privy, overflowing thereof into the corridores, and up to the table, where dinner was served, and into the cells, where prisoners were locked up.-Five prisoners in a small room obliged to perform the offices of nature, in presence of each other; being excluded from the privy, and allowed only a common stable bucket, as a substitute. -Visitors admitted for 15 minutes only, in presence of George Dunn, the deputy and turnkey of Dr. Trevor. Such admission on particular days, which were appointed by Dr. Trevor, who had the exclusive management of the prison. --Letters intercepted and delayed by Dr. Trevor, and opened by his Turnkeys. Dr. Trevor imposes on the judges, that he was not the baker, and brings Christopher Duff his Journeyman, forward, to swear, that he, Duff, was the baker. State allowance reduced by Dr. Trevor, to 1s. 11d. per man daily.Dr. Trevor swears, that all the rigors were by order of the government.— States Lord Hardwicke's particularity therein, having the dimensions of every

High Sheriff of the County of Dublin. "His outrageous conduct, in August, 1804. When, at the head of 15 soldiers, armed with loaded muskets and fixed bayonets, and accompanied by a drum boy to beat the alarm, he entered the yard of the prison; where the state prisoners, about 12 in number, were, some walking for air and exercise, some playing at rackets. Mr. White had them all forced backed to their cells and apartments. N.B. To this act of outrage he was set on by Dr. Trevor; who, during the transaction, remained skulking at the kitchen door of the prison, and peeping out into the yard. Mr. White did not deny that he was set on by Dr. Trevor. All the prisoners exclaimed against this outrageous and inhuman conduct; and Mr. Gray said, in a loud voice, in order that Dr. Trevor might hear him, in his lurking place, If the devil ever inhabited a human form, he inhabits that of TREVOR.'— Further cruelty of Mr. White in placing

the barbarous Simpson, as gaoler over the state prisoners.

SURGEON GENERAL STEWART.

"Insinuates to Mr. Gray to become au informer, to intitle him to liberation. MR. ALEXANDER MARSDEN,

Under Secretary of Lord Hardwicke. "Seated in same coach with Lord Hardwicke, when the disregarded memorial of the state prisoners, dated August 12, 1804, was handed to his excellency.-Advances the baking establishments of Dr. Trevor, baker, by receiving letters for the concern, as secretary, &c.-Becomes a baking partner.. -Becomes security jointly with Dr. Trevor, baker of Kilmainham, for the appointment of Simpson, gaoler thereof.

Prevents physician from attending state prisoners; saying, that there was a skilful physician attending the prison. But Dr. Trevor had been a private soldier, could not therefore have had much skill; and a regular physician absolutely refused to consult with him, because he was not of the profession.

GEORGE DUNN,

Formerly Deputy and Turnkey to Dr. Trevor; now Guoler of Kilmainham. "Commissioners of prison inquiry coudemn him, as to 7 matters of miscon duct. One instance of which was, that Dunn struck and knocked down Mr. Myler, debtor, and when down, kicked him violently; and next morning, challenged him to fight for a guinea.-Said George Dunn, when turnkey, during the executions in 1805, entered the cell of a certain state prisoner, and tauntingly said, shewing a knife at the same time,

This is the knife that cut off Felix Rorke's head.'-Said Dunn declared to the state prisoners, that he had been employed, at Mullingar, for the intended assassination of prisoners, that he would have readily obeyed any orders to that effect, and that similar orders may be issued respecting Kilmainham, which he would readily obey.-Dunn's wife cohabited with Dr. Trevor, in Kilmainham, and the very fact can be proved.

MR. SHERIDAN'S COMMISSION.