scale of equal parts, which determined the point B: the bearings observed from B being then protracted, the points F and D were fixed by intersections. We then proceeded to the bandrol D, and observed the bearing from thence of E, 117° 20′ W., and were thus enabled to fix that point by intersection with the line A E.

Sufficient points having been thus determined on our paper, we began to sketch the ground. Being at D, we commenced by observing that towards E it began to fall at 20 paces-this point was marked as d. We then returned to D, and walked direct upon A, until at 130 paces we came to the declivity at a: the curve from d to a was then marked on the paper, and a little shading performed. We then noticed how the ravine went with reference to C, and were enabled to sketch in as far as c. We then turned back, and passed D, going in the direction of H, until we came to a point that we saw would be useful to us-to determine which we set up our compass, and took a bearing to B of 148° 40′ E. Also one to E, of 36° 5′ W. To find our place then at H, we had only to adjust the protractor at B and at E, and protract the opposite bearings (see page 14); accordingly, we laid off from B, 148° 40′ W.; and from E, 36° 5' E.: the intersection of these lines fixed H. Again for the sketching-looking towards E, the declivity began at about 30 paces from H, at h—the ground h to d was then sketched in.

E was our next point-the distance to e was found to be 75 paces, in continuation of the line AE. To fix f, we paced in a direction at right angles to the line, E A, 80 paces; and to g, being 15 paces, the curve, feg, was swept, and the ground shaded. We then noticed that the crest of the ravine continued for 100 paces nearly in the direction of A, after which it inclined somewhat to the left, until at length the curve united with that portion of the sketch which

C

was first put in. We then went to the point n, found our place by taking bearings to E and A, and sketched the ground there, uniting it with that at f.

Our next move was to the tree at F, round which we sketched the ground, uniting it with what had been already drawn in the direction of n. The sketching was then continued towards A.

It must be needless to say more about sketching the ground, so far as relates to this little plan-perhaps I have already been too minute.

The roads were thus put in:-the distance from B to N having been ascertained, the compass was set up at N, from whence bearings were taken towards K (Section II.), and from thence past the farm, until we ascended a road that brought us to the summit of the high ground near A, upon which station we closed with tolerable accuracy. It would have been desirable for us to have got sight of one or two of our primary stations during the course of our progress by the road; but almost immediately on leaving N, we entered a hollow way, which hid every thing from our view, until we reached the bottom of the hill at K, from whence, could we have seen E and F, we should have taken bearings to those stations, in order to make sure of our place at K, and as a check on the work; but E was hidden by the brow of the hill, and F by trees, thickly strewed over the face of the ground in that part.

The student will perceive that, in the sketching above detailed, we could not possibly have been much out at any time; as the primary points, together with imaginary lines connecting them, enabled us to refer the contours of the ground to what had previously been laid down with some degree of certainty.

I shall now show the manner in which a military sketch of the same ground was rapidly executed, without measur