PAGE XXXV. Coriolanus is summoned to trial, and, before the appointed day of trial, goes into exile. 61 62 13. Quæ; for the relative agreeing with alimenta, H. 445, 4. 18. Diem dixissent. Diem dicere is the judicial expression for to ap point a day for trial. This was done always by a magistrate, who thereby expressed the purpose to bring an accusation against a citizen for an alleged offence, and to insist upon some penalty. The accusatio had to be made publicly, on three successive nundina, and then on the fourth the process was to begin. Meantime, the accused might escape the pen. alty by going into exile. 23. Ut...pœna, etc. Pana is the abl. of means, and with defungendum some abl. like periculo is to be supplied; that the fathers had to escape the peril by the punishment of one of their order. 24. Adversa; abl. abs. with invidia, and the two words may be trans lated, in spite of the odium. 26. Dispositis clientibus. It was a common device of the patricians to come to the place of assembly with their clients, and to intimidate the plebeians, and, by creating a disturbance, to stop the progress of pub lic business. 29. Diceres. For the subjunctive, H. 485, N. 1. 5. Multis...bellis; i. e., bellis sæpe gestis. XXXVI. The vision of the plebeian Titus Latinius touching the desecration of the ludi Romani. 9. Ludi forte, etc. The establishment of these games, as narrated above, I., c. 35. Ex instauratione; literally, out of, as the preparations are thought of as growing out of, the repetition of the games. Translate it happened that preparations were making for a repetition of the great games. 10. Ludis; abl. of time; H. 429. 12. Furca; see n. on this word, I., c. 26. 13. Ad religionem. These games were in honor of Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva; and if any oversight or any thing wrong occurred in their observance, it was necessary, on religious grounds, to have them repeated. 15. Præsultatorem. The præsultator (or præsul, the word used by Cicero) was applied to the chief of the Salii, and then to the leader of the procession of the games; here it is used, by irony, for the slave who had been flogged through the circus. 20. Magno; with stetit, the abl. of price; literally, stood him in a great price; cost him dear. 22. Animi; limits ægram, according to H. 399, III. 23. Satin'; compounded of satis and the enclitic ne. 35. Membris; abl. of specification. XXXVII. Through the wily advice of Tullius, the Volscians are directed to quit Rome. PAGE 62 6. Quod sequias sit. Sequius is another form for secius, the compar- 63 ative of secus; used here adjectively, and = minus laudi; I am unwilling to say any thing to the discredit of my countrymen. 8. Nimio plus; for the abl., H. 423; translate, far more. 11. Simus; for subjunctive, H. 517. 22. Urbem; the acc. is used (instead of the abl.), by a construction common with all verbs compounded with e or ex. XXXVIII. The Volscians are incited by Tullius to make war against the Romans. 28 Ad caput Ferentinum. In I. 50 occurs the expression, ad caput aqua Ferentinæ, which explains the words used here. Ferentinum was a town in Latium, S. E. of Rome. Here was the place of public assemblies of the Latins.-Ut-eveniret; for subjunctive, H. 518, 1. 31. Secunda iræ; iræ in the dative; that favored their resentment. 34. Ut omnia; ut in the sense of although; and injurias and clades in the same construction as omnia. 7. Violaturi simus; for subjunctive, H. 516, II. XXXIX. Coriolanus marches against Rome with a Volscian army.-The Romans send repeated but unavailing embassies to dissuade him from hostile acts against his native land. 21. Circeios; see n. I. 56, and Geogr. Index. 24. Transversis tramitibus; i. e., he did not proceed directly towards Rome, but by cross-roads from the Appian to the Latin Way. But the towns first mentioned, Satricum, Longula, Polusca, Corioli, and Bovillæ, all lie to the west of the Appian Way, in the Volscian territory, and Lavinium still farther west, toward the sea. It is a conjecture of Niebuhr, that the passage should read thus, after Volscis tradidit: inde SatricumLavinium recipit, tum deinceps in Latinam viam transversis tramitibus transgressus, Corbionem, Vitelliam, etc. 26. Corbionem, etc. These towns lie to the east of the Latin Way: Corbio on the north side of Mt. Algidus; Vitellia farther east, in the ter 64 PAGE ritory of the Equi; Labici still farther east, on the Labican Way, and 64 Pedum on the Prænestine road, between Tibur and Præneste. The position of Trebium is unknown. 65 66 6. Referre, etc.; to propose the sending of ambassadors; referre ad senatum is the regular expression for any measure proposed to the senato by the consul; and the proposition is hence called, as in the next sentence, relatio. 15. Insignibus velatos; the insignia are probably the infula, white woollen bands, with which the priests covered their heads. XL. The mother and wife of Coriolanus finally influence him by their entreaties and tears, and he withdraws the army from before Rome. 18. Veturiam. Plutarch calls the mother of Coriolanus Volumnia, and his wife Virgilia; these names are adopted by Shakespeare in his play, and also by Dr. Arnold in his history. 23. Possent; for the subjunctive, H. 516, II., and also 529, II. 33. Ab sede; to be joined with consternatus, which carries with it the force of a word like prosiliens; when Coriolanus, leaping in consternation from his seat, almost as one distracted, was about to embrace his mother, as she was coming. 35. Sciam; the subjunctive depends upon sine, with ut omitted; H. 499, 2. 3. Ingredienti; she supposes, in the genuine spirit of patriotism, that, though he might have cherished hostile feelings to his country while on the march, yet that, when he first actually invaded the Roman soil, these feelings must have at once ceased. 8. Nihil jam, etc. Livy seems to use nihil-nec as equivalent to nihil—non; but I can now suffer nothing that will not be more disagreeable to you than wretched for myself. 9. Nec, ut sum, etc.; she has the consolation, derived from her age, that her wretchedness cannot long endure. The reading sum is better than sim, as she means to say, that she is not long to continue in her present wretchedness. 483; 10. Videris; the perf. subjunctive; see n. on videritis, I. 58, and H. 484, IV. 15. Invidia...leto. Both Plutarch and Dionysius relate that he was put to death by the Volscians. 20. Invidcrunt laude. Invidere is generally used intransitively with the dative, as here muliebribus; and sometimes an acc. is added; but here the abl. takes the place of the acc., the verb being used in the sense of privare. Zumpt, § 413, gives instances of this construction from PAGE Quintilian, the younger Pliny, and Tacitus, and adds one instance from 66 Horace of the genitive instead of this ablative or of the accusative. See also Madvig, § 261, b. 21. Monumento; dative of the end. The remark of Dr. Arnold may be given here, from his history of Rome, Vol. I., p. 125: "The story must be referred to a period much later than the year 263, the date assigned to it in the common annals; and the circumstances are so disguised that is impossible to guess from what reality hey have been corrupted." THE chapters of the Third Book embraced in the present edition, contain the tragical story of Virginia. Macaulay, in his lay of Virginia, has admirably used the poetic features of this story, and has furnished a graphic, living picture of the social and political life of this period of Roman history. The name of Appius Claudius the decemvir was scarcely less detestable than that of Sextus Tarquinius. He had inherited all the haughty pride of his ancestors, and all their inflexible spirit of opposition to the interests of the Roman commons. The character and bearing of himself and his race are described, with surpassing force and truth, in the opening lines of Macaulay's poem. At the opening of the story, the second year of the decemvirate had already passed by; but Appius and his associates still retained their office, and ruled with a tyrannic sway. Their government had been marked with all the abuse and license of the worst of the ancient aristocracies, and the people were constantly on the eve of resistance and revolution. This last act of tyranny attempted by Appius was a "signal for a general explosion. Camp and city rose at once; the Ten were pulled down; the Tribuneship was reëstablished; and Appius escaped the hands of the executioner only by a voluntary death." Cf. Arn. Hist. I, ch. xv.; Liddell's Hist. ch. x. XLIV-XLVII. Claudius, the client of Appius Claudius, claims Virginia as his slave, and asserts his claim before the tribunal of Appius. 1. Aliud...nefas. In the preceding chapter, Livy had narrated the 6'7 story of the wanton murder of the heroic Siccius by the decemvirs. PAGE 7. Honestum...ducebat. Ordo centuria, a company. Ducere or. 67 dinem, to command a company, i. e., to be a captain. But there was a difference in the rank of the companies, and of their captains. Render, held a high rank as a captain in the army on the Algidus. The Romans were now at war with the Sabines and the Equians. One army was sent against the Sabines at Eretum, and another to Mt. Algidus. In c. 42, Livy mentions the defeat of both these armies, and the retreat of the former to Fidenæ, and of the latter to Tusculum. 68 9. Perinde uxor, etc. Perinde = prorsus eo modo, exactly in the same manner, and refers to what has just been said of Virginius. His wife had been educated in the same manner as Virginius, and so were their children educated. 15. Virginem in servitutem, etc. Asserere or vindicare aliquem in servrtutem, to claim one as a slave ;—in libertatem, to claim as free. Vindicios means an interim decision, to determine to whose possession the person or thing in question should be adjudged, pending the trial. When, as in this instance, it was to be decided whether a person were free or a slave, the vindicia must, by the laws of the Twelve Tables, be granted secundum libertatem, as it was termed, or in favor of liberty. Hence Appius here instructs his client not to accede to the legal demand for such a decision. 24. Celebrabatur; literally, was frequently uttered; was on every. body's lips. Notos, etc., regard for them wins to the girl their acquaintances, the baseness of the proceeding, the crowd. 2. Auctoribus...sequeretur. Adesse, to be present; hence, to stand by, to take one's part. Auctoribus is in abl. abs. with the antecedent of qui. While those who took her part advised her to follow. 4. Notam...peragit. Petitor is here the claimant. The expres sions fabula, the farce, and argumentum, the plot, are borrowed from the stage. 6. Suppositam ei esse. Suppositam, from sub and ponere, to put in the place of, substitute, whence our word supposititious, as used of one child substituted for another; was falsely given to him as his own. XLV. Appius decrees to Claudius the interim possession of Virginia, but is met with remonstrance on the part o Icilius. 16. Decreto præfatus, etc.; decreto præfari, to say something before a decree, by way of preface and defence; Appius prefaced his decree by saying, etc. Prætendere, literally, to stretch one thing before another by way of protection, i. e, to allege in excuse for, to pretend. Render the |