frequently arise from admitting the air into fuppurating cavities, by free openings with the knife or cauftic. These observations are chiefly intended as an introduction to the particular method of treating the abfcefs of the hip-joint: the fubftance of which is, that, as the difcharge from the abfcefs has no tendency to cure the caries of the bone, but, on the contrary, to make it worse and to weaken the conftitution, the abscess should never be opened by art, but be fuffered to burft fpontaneously. At the fame time, every thing externally irritating either in motion or dreffing fhould be avoided; and the efforts of nature should be promoted by the ufe of opiates, Peruvian bark, nutritious diet, and pure air. It is obferved that patients wafted by these discharges ufually long for meat, ftrong foups, porter, and wine, and that it is always of advantage to comply with fuch cravings: Sometimes, the matter is re-abforbed without making way externally, which almoft certainly fecures the patient's life, though years may elapfe before an anchylofis be formed fufficiently firm to admit of bearing on the limb. In such cases, it is very hazardous to lay afide crutches too foon, or to endeavour at forcible elongation of the limb.

A number of cafes, illuftrative of the feveral ftates of the difcafe as above described, and of the treatment recommended, are given in the next fection. The application of the cauftic to make an iffue near the part was the principal remedy used in the fuccessful cafes. The fame application in white swellings of the knee is the fubject of fome additional obfervations, confirmed by cafes. The place of application was above and below the internal condyle of the thigh-bone; and the ufe of cauftics was preceded by or accompanied with the very liberal application of leeches to the knee. Several formidable attacks of this complaint terminated favourably under this treatment.

Some remarks on the caries of the joint of the wrift, with cafes, exhibit the fuccefs with which nature forms anchylofes in that part, provided that due means be used to obviate inflammation, and that the limb be kept perfectly quiet.

A cafe of incurvated and carious fpine, in which ten vertebræ were difeafed, gives rife to a few obfervations on that morbid affection.

The appendix contains a letter from a literary friend, relative to a new tranflation of two aphorifms of Hippocrates, which mention affections of the hip-joint. Whether the very concife and ambiguous language of this author conveys a doctrine fimilar to that of the present book, or not, is a matter in our opinion of no fort of confequence.

We must not omit to add to what we have thus faid concerning Mr. F.'s publication, that it contains various incidental

obfervations

obfervations on difeafes connected with those which were exprefsly treated; and that the whole may be recommended to the furgical reader as the work of an enlightened practitioner and able writer.

We cannot greatly commend the plates. They are in Acqua Tinta, which is far inferior to the graver where clearness and precifion are required.

ART. XI. The Works of William Hay, Efq. 2 Vols. 4to. 11, 16s, Boards. Dodfley, White, &c. 1794

PER

ERSONS in the different walks of literature are continually arifing, who, from particular advantages of character, fituation of life, or other circumftances, or from the accidental popularity of a fortunate, performance, attain a rank in the eyes of their contemporaries, higher than their relative merit can well claim. In fuch cases, the diftinction must not be expected to be tranfmitted unimpaired to another age; and all attempts, by partial friends and admirers, to perpetuate this artificial confequence, prove ineffectual in refifting the tendency of all comparative excellence to find its level.

We hope that we fhall not be deemed uncandid in reckoning the late Mr. Hay among the number of writers above described. A very refpectable private character, an advanced station in fociety, connexions with perfons of rank, and, perhaps, com paffion for the bodily infirmities under which he laboured, and which he fupported with fo much good fenfe and good humour, -all contributed to fecure a favourable reception to his literary effufions. One of thefe, too, the Essay on Deformity, had both the merit of novelty in the fubject, and of a peculiar happiness in the mode of treating it, principally arifing from the amiable naiveté with which the writer continually alludes to his own cafe. It was an elegant trifle, and probably gave relief to fome graver pieces, which have little more than good intention and plain fenfe to recommend them. We doubt not, however, that many of the collectors of English literature will give a place in their libraries to this elegant edition of all "Mr. Hay's works, which before lay difperfed in detached publications. The following is a chronological lift of them:

In 1728 Mr. Hay published his Effay on Civil Government; 1730, the Poem intituled, Mount Caburn; 1735, his Remarks on the Laws relating to the Poor, with Propofals, for their better Relief and Employment; in 1751, a fecond edition of his Remarks on the Laws relating to the Poor, with a Preface and Appendix, containing the Refolutions of the House of Commons on the fame Subject in 1735, and the Subftance of two Bills fince brought into Parliament; 1753, Religio Philofophi; 1754, his Effay on Deformity; and, in Rev. APRIL, 1795.

Gg

the

the fame year, his tranflation of Mr. Hawkins Browne's Poem, De Animi Immortalitate; 1755, his Translations and Imitations of Select Epigrams of Martial.'

Thefe are all printed in the present collection, but not in the fame order: the firft volume contains all the profe; the fecond, all the verfe. To the latter are added, in an appendix, a few pieces not before published. They are mere trifles, and will fcarcely add to the author's poetical reputation.

An anonymous preface gives a fhort biographical account of Mr. Hay and his family. From this it appears that he was born at Glynbourn in Suffex in 1695; married, in 1731, Elizabeth the daughter of Thomas Pelham, Efq. of Catsfield, by whom he had feveral children; was chofen M. P. for Seaford in 1734, which place he reprefented during the remainder of his life; was appointed a Commiffioner of the Victualling-office in 1738, and Keeper of the Records in the Tower in 1753; and died, June 22, 1755, in the 60th year of his age. The following sketch will give a pleafing idea of his character:

But it is not merely as a man of letters that Mr. Hay fhould be remembered; as an English gentleman, the mafter of a family, a magistrate, a member of the British Parliament, and in the domeftic relations of a hufband and a father, he ought not to be forgotten. Many years are elapfed fince he was removed from this fcene of things, yet fome perfons are fiill living, who remember him in each of these characters; and it is wished that they would recollect all they knew of him; for his mind was liberal, and his views were extended to the publick, with qualifications and a defire to ferve it, without low or felfifh defigns; and his private and domeftic life was beneficial to the circle within its influence. From the time he began to refide in the country, he turned his thoughts to the improvement of that fmall part of the eftates, which had defcended to him from his anceftors. He was kind to his tenants, encouraged agriculture, cultivated gardening in almost all its branches, and was perhaps the first who began to ornament corn fields with walks and plantations.

He endeavoured to make useful experiments a part of the amusements of his family; about the year 1743, a small quantity of filk was manufactured in Spital-fields, from filk-worms bred at his house, fufficient to answer the purpofe of proving that good filk can be produced in England, though at an expence too great perhaps ever to make it an article of trade. Had his fortune been larger, it is probable he might have followed his inclinations in thefe ways to a greater extent. But Mr. Hay's income was always fmall for the place which his birth had affigned him in fociety. Yet none became fenfible of this on being received at his house, fuch was the effect of a judicious œconomy joined to a power of refifting perfonal indulgences. His temper was not auftere; he willingly mixed in company and conversation, and fometimes made himself agreeable to his young friends by little pieces of poetry; and his hofpitality and chearful civility would alone have pleafed, without his other talents.

With regard to his fervants, he was moderate in his expectations from them; clear and decifive in his orders; kept up a just and steady authority; and was remarkably generous to them in cafes of fickness or unavoidable misfortunes.

• His diligent study of the law in the early part of his life fitted him to act as a magiftrate. He thought it of importance to the country, that gentlemen of fortune and knowledge fhould take the trouble to act in the commiffion of the peace, and often spoke this opinion. For near thirty years he acted in it himself; and conftantly attended all its meetings in the diftrict to which he belonged. He never refused to see thofe perfons who applied to him as a magistrate, though their numbers often made this fatiguing to him; his meals, or his company, were left by him, that he might not keep those waiting who came from a diftance; nor did he fuffer any, even the fmalleft, fee to be taken in his house. His activity did not stop here, for he was many years chairman of the quarter-feffions for the eastern division of his county.

He never neglected his duty in parliament; if any yet remain of those who fat with him there, they may remember that he was one of "the first in, and the last out of, the House of Commons;" where he was not an idle fpectator, but an impartial and accurate obferver; and took a confiderable fhare in the bufinefs of it, upon which he fometimes spoke. His unwearied endeavours to obtain amendment in the laws relating to the poor prove that his heart, as well as head, was engaged in that bufinefs: every thing that bore relation to it was clofely investigated by him.

Mr. Hay has been mentioned in a late publication as a fupporter of the measures of Sir Robert Walpole. He certainly was attached to what was called the Whig party; and thought the reign of George the Second propitious to this nation; but Mr. Hay was difcriminative, and on all occafions thought for himself. When he has been clearly of an opinion contrary to thofe with whom he usually acted, he has not been content with giving a filent vote against what they propofed, but has publicly declared the reafons for his diffent. It has been long fince remarked, that fuch men are not often the favourites of any party.'

Two fons of Mr. Hay furvived him. The eldeft, Thomas, went into the army, and rofe to be Lieutenant-colonel of the Queen's Dragoons. He was afterward in the fame command in the Suffex militia, represented the borough of Lewes in two parliaments, and died in 1786. The fecond fon, William, went into the service of the East India Company in a civil character, and enjoyed a high reputation, when, remaining a hostage with Meer Coffim, he was cruelly put to death in 1763. Elegant portraits of Mr. Hay and of two of his fons are prefixed.

See Biographical Dictionary, vol. VI.'

ART. XII. A Letter to H. Repton, Efq.* on the Application of the Practice as well as the Principles of Landscape-Painting to Landfcape-Gardening: intended as a Supplement to the Effay on the Picturefque. By Uvedale Price, Efq. To which is prefixed Mr. Repton's Letter to Mr. Price. 8vo. pp. 163. 3s. fewed. Robfon. · 1795.

T has ever been confidered as a mark of good sense, and of a generous difpofition, to be open to conviction; and not only to acknowlege errors, but to endeavour to correct them. We wish to be understood, however, that we do not mean that the author of the publication now before us has been convinced by the fhort letter to which it is an answer, so much as by the voice of the public: that part of it, particularly, which is interested in the fubject of thefe productions concerning landfcape, &c. viz. men who are mafters of places, and who have experienced the comforts and conveniencies of the modern ftyle of laying out grounds. Men of this defcription, if we may venture to judge from the evidence of our own numerous connexions, are decidedly in its favour.

1

Those who read this, letter with attention will find in it much conceffion. It is true that a fort of augmentative tartness is difcernible in this book as well as in the Effay to which it is a fupplement but it appears to have been introduced by way of keeping up appearances; and to fhade off, and foften by degrees, the greater fharpnefs of the effay.

Controverfy is of a brittle texture, and is not proper to be handled much, by any except its fupporters: all, therefore, that we fhall attempt, in this cafe, will be to catch a glance at a part or two, which may be confidered as fair fpecimens, and which tend to establish the general idea that we have formed of the work before us :

Can any one doubt that there are in wild, that is, unimproved nature, fcenes more foft, more beautiful, than any thing which modern gardening has produced? Nay, that the peculiar beauties of fuch fcenes have been ill-imitated, and the true principles of those beauties ill understood? In the fame proportion that thefe natural groups and thickets are intricate yet beautiful, clumps are abrupt, without being picturefque; the line of digging is hard, and renders the round, the Oval, or whatever be the fhape, diftinct and formal. All these appear to me clearly to be defects, and they may be avoided, in a great degree, by endeavouring to follow, not to improve by counteracting, the happy accidents of nature; and the ftiff manner of levelling the ground, (though perhaps an object of greater difficulty,) might be corrected from the fame model. I wish, however, not to be mifunderstood, as if condemned levelling, digging, mowing, and gravel

* See the laft Review, p. 315-321.

walks :