as the legislature of the respective states shall judge best; and in such case, if any state shall neglect or refuse to pay its proportion, pursuant to such requisition, then Congress may assess and levy such state's proportion, together with interest at the rate of six per centum per annum, from the time of payment, prescribed in such requisition.

That the Congress shall not make or alter any regulation, in any state, respecting the times, places and manner of holding elections for senators or representatives, unless the legislature of such state shall neglect or refuse to make laws or regulations for the purpose, or from any circumstance be incapable of making the same, and then only, until the legislature of such state shall make provision in the premises; provided that Congress may prescribe the time for the election of representatives.

That no persons, except natural born citizens, or such as were citizens on or before the 4th day of July, 1776, or such as held commissions under the United States during the war, and have at any time, since the 4th day of July, 1776, become citizens of one or other of the United States, and who shall be freeholders, shall be eligible to the places of president, vicepresident, or members of either house of the Congress of the United States.

That the Congress do not grant menopolies, or erect any company, with exclusive advantages of commerce.

That no standing army or regular troops shall be raised, or kept up in time of peace, without the consent of two-thirds of the senators and representatives present in each house.

That no money be borrowed on the credit of the United States, without the assent of twothirds of the senators and representatives present in each house.

That the Congress shall not declare war, without the concurrence of two-thirds of the senators and representatives present in each house.

That the privilege of the habeas corpus shall not by any law be suspended for a longer term than six months, or until 20 days after the meeting of the Congress next following the passing the act for such suspension.

That the right of the Congress to exercise exclusive legislation over such district, not exceeding 10 miles square, as may by session of a particular state, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, shall not be so exercised as to exempt the inhabitants of such district from paying the like taxes, imposts, duties and excises, as shall be imposed on the other inhabitants of the state in which such district may be; and that no person shall be privileged within the said district from arrest for crimes commit. ted, or debts contracted out of the said district.

That the right of exclusive legislation with respect to such places as may be purchased for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings, shall not authorize the Congress to make any law to prevent the laws of the states respectively in which they may be, from extending to such places in all civil and criminal matters, except as to such persons as shall be in the service of the United States; nor to them with respect co crimes committed without such places.

That the compensation for the senators and representatives be ascertained by standing aws; and that no alteration of the existing rate of compensation shall operate for the benefit of the representatives, until after a subsequent election shall have been had.

That the journals of the Congress shall be published at least once a year, with the excep ion of such parts relating to treaties or military operations, as in the judgment of either house hall require secresy; and that both houses of Congress shall always keep their doors open during their sessions, unless the business may in their opinion require secresy. That the eas and nays shall be entered on the journals whenever two members in either house may equire it.

That no capitation tax shall ever be laid by the Congress.

That no person be eligible as a senator for more than six years in any term of twelve years; nd that the legislatures of the respective states may recal their senators or either of them, nd elect others in their stead, to serve the remainder of the time for which the senators so -called were appointed.

That no senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be apointed to any office under the authority of the United States.

That the authority given to the executives of the states to fill the vacancies of senators be bolished, and that such vacancies be filled by the respective legislatures.

That the power of Congress to pass uniform laws concerning bankruptcy, shall only exend to merchants and other traders; and that the states respectively may pass laws for the lief of other insolvent debtors.

That no person shall be eligible to the office of president of the United States, a third time. That the executive shall not grant pardons for treason, unless with the consent of the Conress; but may, at his discretion, grant reprieves to persons convicted of treason, until their ases can be laid before the Congress.

That the president, or person exercising his powers for the time being, shall not command army in the field in person, without the previous desire of the Congress.

That all letters patent, commissions, pardons, writs and process of the United States, shall an in the name of the people of the United States, and be tested in the name of the presi ent of the United States, or the person exercising his powers for the time being, or the first dge of the court out of which the same shall issue, as the case may be.

VOL. IV.

8

That the Congress shall not constitute, ordain, or establish any tribunals or inferior courte with any other than appellate jurisdiction, except such as may be necessary for the trial of causes of admiralty, and maritime jurisdiction, and for the trial of piracies and felonies.committed on the high seas; and in all other cases, to which the judicial power of the United States extends, and in which the supreme court of the United States has not original jurisdic tion, the causes shall be heard, tried, and determined, in some one of the state courts, with the right of appeal to the supreme court of the United States, or other proper tribunal, to be established for that purpose, by the Congress, with such exceptions, and under such regula tions as the Congress shall make.

That the court for the trial of impeachments shall consist of the Senate, the judges of the supreme court of the United States, and the first or senior judge, for the time being, of the highest court of general and ordinary common law jurisdiction in each state; that the Com gress shall, by standing laws, designa e the courts in the respective states answering this de scription, and in states having no courts exactly answering this description, shall designate some other court, preferring such, if any there be, whose judge or judges may hold their places during good behaviour: provided that no more than one judge, other than judges a the supreme court of the United States, shall come from one state.

That the Congress be authorized to pass laws for compensating the judges for such services, and for compelling their attendance; and that a majority at least of the said judges shale requisite to constitute the said court. That no person impeached shall sit as a member there of; that each member shall, previous to the entering upon any trial, take an oath or affirms tion, honestly and impartially to hear and determine the cause; and that a majority of tiz members present shall be necessary to a conviction.

That persons aggrieved by any judgment, sentence or decree of the supreme court of the United States in any cause in which that court has original jurisdiction, with such exception and under such regulations as the Congress shall make concerning the same, shall upon plication, have a commission, to be issued by the president of the United States, to suc men learned in the law as he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate appoint not less than seven, authorizing such commissioners, or any seven or more them, to correct the errors in such judgment, or to review such sentence, and decree as the case may be, and to do justice to the parties in the premises.

That no judge of the supreme court of the United States shall hold any other office und the United States, or any of them.

That the judicial power of the United States shall extend to no controversies respecting land, unless it relate to claims of territory or jurisdiction between states, or to claims of between individuals, or between states and individuals under the grants of different states. That the militia of any state shall not be compelled to serve without the limits of the stat for a longer term than six weeks, without the consent of the legislature thereof.

That the words without the consent of the Congress, in the seventh clause of the ninth see tion of the first article of the constitution be expunged.

That the senators and representatives, and all executive and judicial officers of the United States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation not to infringe or violate the constitutions a rights of the respective states.

That the legislatures of the respective states may make provision by law, that the electors of the election districts, to be by them appointed, shall choose a citizen of the United States | who shall have been an inhabitant of such district for the term of one year immediately preceding the time of his election, for one of the representatives of such state. Done in convention, at Poughkeepsie, in the county of Dutchess, in the state of New-Yak the 26th day of July, in the year of of our Lord 1788.

Done by order of the convention,

Attested. JOHN MCKESSON, Secretaries.

AB. B. BANKER,

GEO. CLINTON, President,

STATE OF NORTH-CAROLINA.

In Convention, August 1, 1788.

Resolved, That a declaration of rights, asserting and securing from encroachment the g principles of civil and regious liberty, and the unalienable rights of the people, togethe with amendments to the most ambiguous and exceptionable parts of the said constitution government, ought to be laid before Congress, and the convention of the states that shs may be called for the purpose of amending the said constitution, for their consideration previous to the ratification of the constitution aforesaid, on the part of the state of North Carolina.

DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.

1st. That there are certain natural rights of which men, when they form a social compac cannot deprive or divest their posterity, among which are the enjoyment of life and liberty with the means of acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and obtai -ing happiness and safety.

24. That all power is naturally vested in, and consequently derived from the people; the magistrates therefore are their trustees and agents, and at all times amenable to them.

3d. That government ought to be instituted for the common benefit, protection, and se curity of the people; and that the doctrine of non-resistance against arbitrary power and op pression is absurd, slavish, and destructive to the good and happiness of mankind.

4th. That no man or set of men, are entitled to exclusive or separate public emoluments, or privileges from the community, but in consideration of public services; which not being descendible, neither ought the offices of magistrate, legislator, or judge, or any other pub lic office, to be hereditary.

5th. That the legislative, executive and judiciary powers of government should be separate and distinct; and that the members of the two first may be restrained from oppression, by feeling and participating the public burthens, they should, at fixed periods, be reduced to a private station, return into the mass of the people, and the vacancies be supplied by certain and regular elections; in which all or any part of the former members to be eligible or ineligi ble, as the rules of the constitution of government, and the laws shall direct.

6th. That elections of representatives in the legislature ought to be free and requent, and all men having sufficient evidence of permanent common interest with, and attachment to the community, ought to have the right of suffrage; and no aid, charge, tax or fee, can be set, rated or levied upon the people without their own consent, or that of their representatives, so elected, nor can they be bound by any law, to which they have not in like manner assented for the public good.

7th. That all power of suspending laws, or the execution of laws, by any authority with out the consent of the representatives of the people in the legislature, is injurious to their rights, and ought not to be exercised.

8th. That in all capital and criminal prosecutions, a man hath a right to demand the cause and nature of his accusation, to be confronted with the accusers and witnesses, to call for evidence, and be allowed counsel in his favor, and to a fair and speedy trial by an impartial jury of his vicinage, without whose unanimous consent he cannot be found guilty, (except in the government of the land and naval forces) nor can he be compelled to give evidence against himself.

9th. That no freeman ought to be taken, imprisoned, or disseized of his freehold, liberties, privileges or franchises, or outlawed or exiled, or in any manner destroyed or deprived of his life, liberty or property, but by the law of the land.

10th. That every freeman restrained of his liberty, is entitled to a remedy to enquire into he lawfuln ess thereof, and to remove the same, if unlawful, and that such remedy ought not o be denied nor delayed.

11th. That in controversies respecting property, and in suits between man and man, the ncient trial by jury is one of the greatest securities of the righs of the people, and ought o remain sacred and inviolable.

12th. That every freeman ought to find a certain remedy by recourse to the laws for all juries and wrongs he may receive in person, property or character. He ought to obtain ight and justice freely and without sale, completely and without denial, promptly and with ut delay, and that all establishments, or regulations contravening these rights, are oppressive nd unjust.

13th. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel nd unusual punishments inflicted.

14th. That every freemen has a right to be secure from all unreasonable searches and izures of his person, his papers, and property; all warrants therefore to search suspected laces, or seize any freeman, his papers or property, without information upon oath (or affirmion of a person religiously scrupulous of taking an oath) of legal and sufficient cause, are ievous and oppressive, and all general warrants to search suspected places, or to apprehend y suspected person without specially naming or describing the place or person, are dan rous and ought not to be granted.

15th. That the people have a right peaceably to assemble together to consult for the comon good, or to instruct their representatives; and that every freeman has a right to petition apply to the legislature for redress of grievances.

16th. That the people have a right to freedom of speech, and of writing and publishing eir sentiments; that the freedom of the press is one of the greatest bulwarks of liberty, and ght not to be violated.

17th. That the people have a right to keep and bear arms; that a well regulated militia, mposed of the body of the people, trained to arms, is the proper, natural, and safe defence a free state. That standing armies in time of peace are dangerous to liberty, and theree ought to be avoided, as far as the circumstances and protection of the community will adt; and that in all cases the military should be under strict subordination to, and governed the civil power.

18th. That no soldier in time of peace ought to be quartered in any house without the cont of the owner, and in time of war in such manner as the law directs.

19th. That any person religiously scrupulous of bearing arms ought to be exempted upon ment of an equivalent to employ another to bear arms in his stead.

20th. That religion, or the duty which we owe to our Creator, and the manner of discharg it, can be directed only by reason and conviction, not by force or violence, and therefore men have an equal, natural and unalienable right, to the free exercise of religion, accord

H

ing to the dictates of conscience, and that no particular religious sect or society ought to be favored or established by law in preference to others.

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.

I. That each state in the union shall, respectively, retain every power, jurisdiction and right, which is not by this constitution delegated to the Congress of the United States, or to the departments of the federal government.

II. That there shall be one representative for every 30,000, according to the enumeration or census, mentioned in the constitution, until the whole number of representatives amounts to 200, after which, that number shall be continued or increased, as Congress shall direct, upon the principles fixed in the constitution, by apportioning the representatives of each state to some greater number of people, from time to time, as population increases.

III. When Congress shall lay direct taxes or excises, they shall immediately inform the executive power of each state, of the quota of such state, according to the census herem directed, which is proposed to be thereby raised: And if the legislature of any state shall pass a law, which shall be effectual for raising such quota at the time required by Congress, the taxes and excises laid by Congress shall not be collected in such state.

IV. That the members of the Senate and House of Representatives shall be ineligible t ard incapable of holding any civil office under the authority of the United States, during the time for which they shall respectively be elected.

V. That the journals of the proceedings of the Senate and House of Representatives shall be published at least once in every year, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, allances, or military operations, as in their judgment require secresy.

VI. That a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of the publik money shall be published at least once in every year.

VII. That no commercial treaty shall be ratified without the concurrence of two-thirds the whole number of the members of the Senate: And no treaty, ceding, contracting, or t straining or suspending the territorial rights or claims of the United States, or any of ther or their, or any of their rights or claims to fishing in the American seas, or navigating the American rivers, shall be made, but in cases of the most urgent and extreme necessity; a shall any such treaty be ratified without the concurrence of three-fourths of the whole nut ber of the members of both houses, respectively.

VIII. That no navigation law, or law regulating commerce, shall be passed without the consent of two-thirds of the members present in both houses.

IX. That no standing army or regular troops shall be raised, or kept up in time of peace. without the consent of two-thirds of the members present in both houses.

X. That no soldier shall be inlisted for any longer term than four years, except in time c war, and then for no longer term than the continuance of the war.

same.

XI. That each state, respectively, shall have the power to provide for organizing, armur and disciplining its own militia, whensoever Congress shall omit or neglect to provide for Le That the militia shall not be subject to martial law, except when in actual service i time of war, invasion or rebellion: And when not in the actual service of the United States shall be subject only to such fines, penalties and punishments, as shall be directed or inflic ed by the laws of its own state.

XII. That Congress shall not declare any state to be in rebellion without the consent of least two-thirds of all the members present of both houses.

XIII. That the exclusive power of legislation given to Congress over the federal town a its adjacent district, and other places, purchased or to be purchased by Congress, of any the states, shall extend only to such regulations as respect the police and good governa thereof.

XIV. That no person shall be capable of being president of the United States for more than 8 years in any term of 16 years.

XV. That the judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme cour and in such courts of admiralty, as Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establ any of the different states. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and q arising under treaties made, or which shall be made under the authority of the United States to all cases affecting ambassadors, other foreign ministers and consuls; to all cases of adm ty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party controversies between two or more states, and between parties claiming lands under grants of different states. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other foreign ministers consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party; the supreme court shall have or jurisdiction in all other cases before mentioned; the supreme court shall have appellate j diction as to matters of law only, except in cases of equity, and of admiralty and maritime risdiction, in which the supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law a fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. But judicial power of the United States shall extend to no case where the cause of action s have originated before the ratification of this constitution, except in disputes between st about their territory; disputes between persons claiming lands under the grants of diffe states, and suits for debts due to the United States.

XVI. That in criminal prosecutions, no man shall be restrained in the exercise of the e and accustomed right of challenging or excepting to the jury.

XVII. That Congress shall not alter, modify, or interfere in the times, places, or manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, or either of them, except when the legisiature of any state shall neglect, refuse or be disabled, by invasion or rebellion, to prescribe

the same.

XVIII. That those clauses which declare that Congress shall not exercise certain powers, be not interpreted in any manner whatsoever to extend the powers of Congress; but that they be construed either as making exceptions to the specified powers where this shall be the case, or otherwise, as inserted merely for greater caution.

XIX. That the laws ascertaining the compensation of senators and representatives for their services, be postponed in their operation, until after the election of representatives immediately succeeding the passing thereof, that excepted, which shall first be passed on the subject. XX. That some tribunal, other than the Senate, be provided for trying impeachments of

senators.

XXI. That the salary of a judge shall not be increased or diminished during his continuance in office, otherwise than by general regulations of salary which may take place, on a revision of the subject, at stated periods of not less than seven years, to commence from the time such salaries shall be first ascertained by Congress.

XXII. That Congress erect no company of merchants with exclusive advantages of commerce. XXIII. That no treaties which shall be directly opposed to the existing laws of the United States in Congress assembled, shall be valid until such laws shall be repealed, or made con. formable to such treaty; nor shall any treaty be valid which is contradictory to the constitution of the United States.

XXIV. That the latter part of the fifth paragraph of the ninth section of the first article be altered to read thus: "Nor shall vessels bound to a particular state be obliged to enter o pay duties in any other; nor when bound from any one of the states be obliged to clear in another."

XXV. That Congress shall not directly or indirectly, either by themselves or through the judiciary, interfere with any one of the states in the redemption of paper money already emitted and now in circulation, or in liquidating and discharging the public securities of any one of the states: But each and every state shall have the exclusive right of making such laws and regulations for the above purpose, as they shall think proper.

XXVI. That Congress shall not introduce foreign troops into the United States, without the consent of two thirds of the members present of both houses. By order, J. HUNT, Secretary.

SAM. JOHNSTON, President. TRANSLATION FROM THE DUTCH.

(Stamp.) DEDel.

On the 13th day of March, in the year 1788, appeared before me, Pieter Galenus Van Hole, notary of Amsterdam, admitted by the honorable court of Holland;

His excellency the honorable John Adams, esq. in quality as especially empowered and authorized by the United States of America in Congress assembled, for and in behalf of said states of America, to raise a loan with any person or persons, states or companies, with subjoined assurance in good faith, to ratify and fulfil all that shall be done in this respect, by him, honorable appearer, according to authentic copy and translation of the original commission or power exhibited to me, notary, and deposited in my custody, in behalf of the joint money lenders; the honorable appearer being to return ere long for America, but being now in this city. And the honorable appearer acknowledged himself in his aforesaid quality, and thus in the name and in behalf of the above mentioned states of America, to be duly and lawfully indebted to and in behalf of sundry p rsons or money lenders, in all, a sum of 1,000,000 of guilders, Dutch current money, arising from and on account of so much ready money received by him the honorable appearer, in his aforesaid quality, to his perfect satisfaction, from the said money lenders, pursuant to the receipt hereafter mentioned to be signed by the honorable appearer, under the authentic copies hereof; expressly and formally disavowing the excuse of untold monies. And the honorable appearer promised in his aforesaid quality, to re-pay and reimburse in this city, the said sum of 1,000,000 of guilders, free from all costs, charges and damages to the above mentioned money lenders, or their assigns, at the expiration of 15 years, after the first day of June, 1788, and that in the following manner, to wit: That the above mentioned principal shall remain fixed during the space of 10 years, and that with the 11th year, and thus on the 1st day of June, 1799, a fifth part, or 200,000 guilders of the said principal of 1,000,000 shall be redeemed, and in the same manner from year to year, until the 1st day of June, 1803, inclusive; so that the whole principal shall be redeemed and discharged within the above mentioned space of 15 years.

And that mean while for said principal, at first for the whole, and afterwards for the residue, at the expiration of every year, interest shall be paid at the rate of five per cent. in the year, commencing the first day of June, 1788, and to continue until the final accomplishment, and that on coupons, to be signed by, or on the part of said honorable appearer, in his aforesaid quality.

That the above mentioned redeeming shall be performed by drawing, in the presence of a notary and witnesses in this city, after the expiration of the first mentioned ten years, in such a manner that the numbers of the bonds or obligations drawn, shall betimes be made known in the public papers.