Miffals of Sarum, unnoticed in the British Topography. At my book, which has escaped the notice of fo inquifitive an antiquary as Mr. Gough. Hore Beate M. V. fecundum Ufum Sarum, 1519. At the end the following colophon: "Hic finem habent Hore Beate Marie, fecundum ufum Sarifburien', cum orationibus San&te Brigide, et cum omnibus que in ipfis hactenus imprimi confueverunt. Parifiis, per Francifcum Regnault, in vico San&ti Jacobi, e regione Maturinorum, ad fignum Elephantis," with a manufcript date, 1519. In the laft leaf" Francis Regnault," with an elephant and tower. folio clxv. is a picture of the Trinity, very much refembling that which Mr. Herbert has copied, in the first volume of his Typographical Antiquities, P. 310, as the fign or device of Henry Pop well. Perhaps this book might have been printed for him. The calendar, and other parts of the book, are embellifhed with curious wood cuts having verfes under them. The pictures in the calendar represent the various stages of man's life, the verfes belonging to which I will transcribe. Unfortunately I am obliged to begin with February, as the verfes for January are loft. Apryll. The next vi yere maketh foure and twenty, Frefshe and lovyng his luftes to fulfyll. As in the month of Maye all thing is in myght, June. At xl yere of age, or elles never, Auguft. 13 The goodes of the erthe is gadred evermore In August, so at xlviij yere Man ought to gather fome goodes in ftore, Lete no man thynke for to gather plenty, No more than yf his barne were empty By Octobre betokeneth Ix yere, That aege haftely dooth man affayle. Yf he have ought, than it dooth appere Whan man is at lxvi yere olde, Whiche lykened is to barren Novembre, He wexeth unweldy, fekely, and colde, Than his foule helth is tyme to remembre. Decembre. The yere by Decembre taketh his ende, And fo dooth man; at three score and twelve Nature with aege wyll hym on meflage fende, The tyme is come that he must go bymfelve *. These verses are followed by "The Dayes of the Weke moralyfed;" next to which is "The Manner to lyve well, devoutly, and falutarily, every Day, for all Perfons of meane Eftate. Compyled by Mayfter Johan Que'tin, Doctoure in Dyvinite at Paris: Tranflated out of Frenche in the Englishe by Robert Copland, Prynter at London." The fize of this volume is 8vo. B. R. 14 Defcription of the Pine, from the Roman Poets, DESCRIPTION of TREES continued. PINUS THE PINE. PLINY enumerates fix fpecies of trees of this genus, the fpecific differences of which it cannot be expected that poets fhould mark with accuracy, when he himself does it very imperfect ly. The Pine, however, as the principal example of the whole, is very fre quently mentioned by them, and by se veral circumstances well difcriminated from other forest trees. Its place of growth is reprefented as being the tops of mountains. Thus Virgil, -pinos ferens de montibus altis. Georg. iv. 112. From lofty mountains bears the pine. And in his noble picture of Mount Atlas, he defcribes its fummit as covered with pines: cinctum affidue cui nubibus atris Piniferum caput & vento pulfatur & imbri. En. iv. 248. Atlas, whofe head with piny forests crown'd, Is beaten by the winds; with foggy vapours Dryden. bound. On this account Horace makes the pine an image of the dangers to which greatness and exalted ftation are expofed : Sæpius ventis agitatur ingens Carm. ii. 10. By ftorms the mighty pine is moft affail'd. The form and difpofition of the foliage in the pine is characteristically painted by Ovid in a single line: fuccincta comas, hirfutaque vertice pinus. Met. X. 103. The pine, with leaves fuccinct, and brifily dered it a very proper walking-staff for the giant Polyphemus : Trunca manum pinus regit, et veftigia firmat. His ftaff a trunk of pine, to guide his steps genus, of fweating out a refinous juice, Its property, along with others of the and its being a tree of the coniferous tribe, are circumftances both touched upon in a line of Catullus : aut conigeram fudanti cortice pinum. Epith. Pel. & Thet. 106. Or with its sweating bark the cone-crown'd pine. The preference which Voffius, upon the authority of a fingle manufcript, gives, in this paffage, to congeftam beaccounted for from the ufual practice of fore conigeram, is only, I think, to be commentators, to prefer the leaft probable reading, in order to difplay their critical dexterity. The other various reading of corpore for cortice is of little confequence. the pine made it peculiarly fit for the The refin fo copioufly contained in purposes of a combuftible. Thus Turnus is reprefented as raifing a flaming brand of pine-wood to fet on fire the hips of the Trojans: -manum pinu flagranti fervidus implet. Æn. ix. 73. And rais'd a pine all flaming in his hands. Pitt. The kindred Picea, or Pitch-tree, is however more frequently mentioned as a combuftible, for in fact it contains a larger proportion of refin. Thus, in forming the funeral pyre of Milenus, Æn. vi. Procumbunt pice.--The pitch-trees fall. The most remarkable economical Navigiis pinos. The fame writer, in a line already quoted, defcribes his lover of bees as bringing down pines from the mountains, and planting them round the apiary. This was probably for the double purpofe of affording a fhelter, and yielding a refinous juice for the bees to employ in the conftruction of Description of the Fir and the Cypress, from the Roman Poets. is their combs. It was on this account, The word walks, used by this tranflator instead of gardens, probably convevs a just idea of the application of the is more diftinguished in that particular Á valley thick with pine and cypress sharp. And the fair hair, that down his fnowy front This pyramidal figure is ftill more characterifically marked by the fame poet in his comparifon of it to the meta, or obelisks, which were erected in the circus by way of pofts or bounds for the chariot races: metas imitata cupressus. Met. x. 106. The loftiness of the cypress is diftinguished in the paffage above quoted from Virgil, where it is matched for this quality with the towering oak. In another, he ufes it as an object of con traft with a small fhrub: Qantum lenta folent inter viburna cupreffi. T Ect. i. 26. Like fhrubs, when lofty cypreffes are near. Virgil terms the cyprefs Idaan, or a native of Mount Ida; and alfo fays, that there are feveral fpecies of it: genus haud unum-Idæis cyparis Georg. ii. 83. He marks, by an appropriated epithet, its dufky hue, common to ever-greens: ftant manibus aræ Cœruleis mæftæ vittis, atraque cupresse. In honour to the ghoft an altar ftands, Its character as a funereal tree is here The 14 Defcription of the Pine, from the Roman Poets, DESCRIPTION of TREES continued. PINUS THE PINE. PLINY enumerates fix fpecies of trees of this genus, the fpecific differences of which it cannot be expected that poets fhould mark with accuracy, when he himself does it very imperfect ly. The Pine, however, as the principal example of the whole, is very fre. quently mentioned by them, and by fe veral circumstances well difcriminated from other forest trees. Its place of growth is reprefented as being the tops of mountains. Virgil, Thus -pinos ferens de montibus altis. Georg, iv. 112. From lofty mountains bears the pine. And in his noble picture of Mount Atlas, he defcribes its fummit as covered with pines : -cinctum affidue cui nubibus atris Piniferum caput & vento pulfatur & imbri. En. iv. 248. Atlas, whofe head with piny forests crown'd, Is beaten by the winds; with foggy vapours Dryden. bound. On this account Horace makes the pine an image of the dangers to which greatness and exalted ftation are expofed : Sæpius ventis agitatur ingens Carm. ii. 10. By ftorms the mighty pine is moft affail'd. The form and difpofition of the foliage in the pine is characteristically painted by Ovid in a single line: fuccincta comas, hirfutaque vertice pinus. Met. X. 103. The pine, with leaves fuccinct, and brifly top. The fame poet refers to the fharpness of its narrow leaves, in the following paffage : Pan videt hanc, pinuque caput præcinctus dered it a very proper walking-ftaff for Trunca manum pinus regit, et veftigia firmat. His ftaff a trunk of pine, to guide his fteps genus, of fweating out a refinous juice, Its property, along with others of the and its being a tree of the coniferous tribe, are circumftances both touched upon in a line of Catullus : - aut conigeram fudanti cortice pinum. Epirb. Pel. & Thet, 106. Or with its fweating bark the cone-crown'd pine. The preference which Voffius, upon the authority of a fingle manufcript, gives, in this paffage, to congeftam before conigeram, is only, I think, to be accounted for from the ufual practice of commentators, to prefer the leaft probable reading, in order to difplay their critical dexterity. The other various reading of corpore for cortice is of little confequence. the pine made it peculiarly fit for the The refin fo copioufly contained in purposes of a combuftible. Thus Turnus is reprefented as raifing a flaming brand of pine-wood to fet on fire the fhips of the Trojans : -manum pinu flagranti fervidus implet. Æn. ix. 73. And rais'd a pine all flaming in his hands. Pitt. The kindred Picea, or Pitch-tree, is however more frequently mentioned as a combustible, for in fact it contains a larger proportion of refin. Thus, in forming the funeral pyre of Milenus, En. vi. Procumbunt pice.--The pitch-trees fall. Vir The most remarkable economical Navigiis pinos. The fame writer, in a line already quoted, defcribes his lover of bees as bringing down pines from the mountains, and planting them round the apiary. This was probably for the double purpofe of affording a fhelter, and yielding a refinous juice for the bees to employ in the conftruction of Defcription of the Fir and the Cypress, from the Roman Poets. 15 their combs. It was on this account, Loveliest in walks the pine, the afh in woods. The word walks, ufed by this tranflator inftead of gardens, probably convevs a juft idea of the application of the tree. abies in montibus altis. Virg. Ecl. vii. 66. the fir on lofty hills; as being of a dark hue: nigra nemus abiete cingunt. n. viii. 599. with dufky far the wood inclofe; and free from knots: E Bodis abies. The knotlefs fir. Metam. x. 93. It is equally with the pine reprefented as a material for ship-building: ·alies cafus vifura marinos. Georg. ii. 68. And fir now fit to tempt the dangerous deep. Warton. But Catullus, in a fingular paffage, after mentioning the pine as the wood of which the thip Argo was built, fays, that the oars were of fir: Cœrula verrentes abiegnis æquora palmis. Epib. Pel. & Thet. 7. With oars of fir they brush the azure main. CUPRESSUS-THE CYPRESS. This tree is defcribed as confiderably refembling thofe of the pine genus; for the epithets of coniferous and sharp are both applied to it by the pots. Virgil: - quales cum vertice celfo Aeriæ quercus, aut coniferæ cypariffi, Confliterant. Thus En. iii. 679.. As the tall oak or cyprefs, crown'd with cones, Erects its lofty head. Dryden, in his tranflation, has dropped this epithet; and Pitt leems to have miftaken its meaning, for he has “aerial pines in painted fpires." It is unfortunate that, as he chofe to underfland a conical figure of the whole tree, he did Aot preferve the original cyprefs, which is more diftinguished in that particular Ovid ufes the other epithet: A valley thick with pine and cypress sharp. And the fair hair, that down his fnowy front This pyramidal figure is ftill more characteristically marked by the fame poet in his comparifon of it to the meta, or obelisks, which were erected in the circus by way of posts or bounds for the chariot races: -metas imitata cupreffus. Met. x. 106. The loftiness of the cypress is distinguished in the paffage above quoted from Virgil, where it is matched for' another, he ufes it as an object of cons this quality with the towering oak. In traft with a small shrub: Quantum lenta folent inter viburna cupreffi. Eci. i. 26. Like fhrubs, when lofty cypresses are near. Dryden Virgil terms the cyprefs Idean, or a native of Mount Ida; and alfo fays, that there are feveral species of it: genus haud unum-Idæis cyparisis. Georg. ii. 83. He marks, by an appropriated epithet, its dusky hue, common to ever-greens: ftant manibus aræ Cœruleis mæftæ vittis, atraque cupresso. In honour to the ghost an altar stands, Its character as a funereal tree is here Met. x. 141. Thee |