Mother of the Queen. Victoria Maria Louisa, Aunt of the Duke of Saxe Coburg Gotha, born Aug. 17, 1786. Married May 29, 1818, to the late Edward Duke of Kent, and had issue Alexandrina Victoria, her present Majesty. The Duke died Jan. 23, 1820.

Aunt to the Queen. Mary, born Apr.25, 1776, married July 22, 1816, to her cousin William Fred. Duke of Gloucester, who died Nov. 30,1834. Cousin of the Queen, issue of late Ernest Augustus, King of Han

over.

George Fred. Alex. Chas. Augustus, King of Hanover, Duke of Cumberland, born May 27, 1819, succ. his father Nov. 19, 1851; m. Feb. 18, 1843, Princess Mary of Saxe Altenburg. Issue: Ernest Augustus Will.

Adolphus Geo. Fred., b. Sept. 21, 1845; Frederica Sophia, b. Jan. 9, 1848; Maria Ernestina, b. Dec. 3, 1849. Cousins of the Queen, issue of the late Adolphus Frederick Duke of Cambridge.

George Will. Fred. Charles, Duke of Cambridge, born March 26, 1819, succ. his father July 8, 1850; Augusta Caroline, born July 19, 1822, married June 28, 1843, Fred. Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Strelitz. Mary Adelaide, born Nov. 27, 1833.

BELGIUM.

LEOPOLD, King of the Bel

gians, K.G., son of Francis, late duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Elected born Dec. 16, 1790, married 1, May in 1831. Inaugurated July 20, 1831, 2, 1816, to the Princess Charlotte of Wales, only child of George IV., of Great Britain, who died without issue, November 6, 1817. II, Aug. 9, 1832, Louisa, eldest daughter of the late Louis Philippe, Ex-King of the French, born April 3, 1812, died Oct. 10, 1850. Issue: Leopold, born April 9, 1835, married Aug. 22, 1853, Archduchess Maria of Austria. Philip, born March 24, 1837. Charlotte, born June 7, 1840.

Step-mother. Caroline Amelia, daughter of the Duke of Holstein Augustenburg, born June 28, 1796.

FRANCE.

GERMANY. Confederated States. AUSTRIA.

FRANCIS JOSEPH, Emperor, b. Aug. 18, 1830, succ. on the abdication of his uncle Ferdinand, Dec. 2, 1848; his father, Francis Charles

the

Uncle of the Emperor.

Prince Jerome Napoleon, b. Dec. 15, 1784, Ex-King of Westphalia, married, 1st, Dec. 27, 1803, Eliz. Patterson of New York, divorced 1805; 2ndly, Aug. 12, 1807, Princess Frederica Catherine of Wurtemburg, who d. Nov. 28, 1835. Issue: Napoleon, b. Sept. 9, 1822; Matilda, b. May 27, 1820; m. 1841, to Prince Demidoff.

Louis Philippe, K.G., Ex-King of the French, was born Oct. 6, 1773, elected King on the deposition of Charles X. August 9, 1830, and was himself deposed Feb. 24, 1848; married Nov. 25, 1809, MARIA AMELIA, sister of the King of Naples, born April 26, 1782. The ExKing died Aug. 26, 1850. Issue : Ferdinand, Duc d'Orléans, born

Sept. 3, 1810, married, May 30, 1837, Princess Helen of Mecklenburgh Schwerin, and died July, 13, 1842. Issue: Louis, born Aug. 24, 1838. Robert Louis, Nov. 9, 1840. Louisa. Queen of the Belgians, b.

April 3, 1812, d. Oct. 11, 1850. Louis Cha., Duc de Nemours,

born Oct. 25, 1814.
Clementina, born June 3, 1817.
Francis, Prince de Joinville, born
Aug. 14, 1818.

Henry, Duc d'Aumale, born Jan.
16, 1822.
Anthony, Duc de Montpensier,
born July 31, 1824.

Father of the Emperar. Francis Charles Joseph, b. Dec. 7, 1802; m. Nov. 4, 1824, Princess Sophia, dau, of Maximilian,lateKing of Bavaria. Issue: Francis Joseph, the present Emperor; Ferdinand, b. July 6, 1832; Charles, b. July, 30, 1833; Louis, b. May 15, 1842. Uncle and Aunts of the Emperor. Ferdinand, b. April 19, 1793. Maria (Princess of Salerno),

born March 1, 1798.

Mary Ann Frances, b.June 8, 1804

Princes of the Blood. Archd. John, born Jan. 20, 1782. Archd. Louis, born Dec. 13, 1784.

PRUSSIA.

FREDERICK WILLIAM IV. King of Prussia, K.G., born Oct. 15, 1795, succeeded his father June 7, 1840, married Nov. 29, 1823, Louisa, aunt of the king of Bavaria.

Brothers and Sisters of the King. William Louis, March 22, 1797;

mar. June 11, 1829, Augusta, 2nd daughter of Charles Fred. grand duke of Saxe Weimar. Charlotte (empress dowager of Russia), July 13, 1798. Charles, June 29, 1801; mar. May 26, 1827, Mary, elder daughter of Charles Frederick, grand-duke of Saxe Weimar. Alexandrina, Feb. 23, 1803, mar. Sept. 24, 1820, to the late Paul Frederic, Grand Duke of Mecklenburgh Schwerin.

Louisa, Feb. 1, 1808, wife of Prince Frederick of Orange.

Albert, Oct. 4, 1809, mar. Sept. 14, 1830, Princess Marianne, of Orange, divorced Mar. 28, 1849.

BAVARIA.

MAXIMILIAN II. King of Bavaria, born Nov. 28, 1811, succ. on the abdication of his father Louis Charles, March 21, 1848; marr. Oct. 12, 1842, Mary, Princess of Prussia; issue: Louis, Prince Royal, born Aug. 25, 1845; Otho, born April 27, 1848.

Brothers and Sisters of the King.
Matilda, b. Aug. 30, 1813 (Grand
Duchess of Hesse Darmstadt).
Otho, June 1, 1815, King of
Greece.

Leopold, March 12, 1821.
Adeline, March 19, 1823 (Du-
chess of Modena).
Hildegarde, June 10, 1825.
Alexandrina, August 26, 1826.
Albert, July 19, 1828.

King's Father.

Louis Charles, born Aug. 25, 1786; marr. Oct. 12, 1810, Theresa, dau. of Frederick, late Duke of Saxe Altenburg, whod.Oct.26,1854.

SAXONY.

JOHN, King of Saxony, b. Dec. 12, 1801; succ. his brother Frederick, July 9, 1854; marr. Nov. 21, 1822, Amelia, dau. of Maximilian, late King of Bavaria. Issue: Albert, b. April 23, 1828; George, b. Aug. 8, 1832; and six daughters.

HANOVER.

George V., King of Hanover, succ. his father, Ernest Augustus, Nov. 18, 1851. See Duke of Cumberland, Great Britain.

WUKTEMBERG.

WILLIAM, King of Wurtemberg, K.G. born Sep. 27, 1781; succ. his father, Frederick I., Oct. 30, 1816; m. I. Jan. 24, 1816, Ca. tharine, sister of the Emperor of Russia, and widow of the Duke of Oldenbourg; b. May 21, 1788; d. Jan. 9, 1819. Issue:

Maria Ch., born Oct. 30, 1816. Sophia (Queen of the Netherlands).

II. April 15, 1820, Paulina, daughter of his uncle Duke Lewis, born Sept. 4, 1800. Issue:

Catherine, b. August 24, 1821.
Charles, Prince royal, March 6,
1823; marr. July 13, 1846,
Olga, sister of the Emperor of
Russia.

Augusta, Oct. 4, 1826.

BADEN.

FREDERICK, Grand Duke of Baden, born Sept. 9, 1826, succ. his father, April 24, 1852 (his elder brother Louis having abdicated in his favour).

Brothers and Sisters of the Duke.
Alexandrina, Duchess of Saxe Co-

burg Gotha, born Dec. 6, 1820.
Louis, Aug. 15, 1824.
William, Dec. 18, 1829.
Charles, March 9, 1832.
Maria, Nov. 20, 1834.
Cecilia, Sep. 20, 1839.
HESSE CASSEL.

FREDERIC, Elector of Hesse, born Aug. 20, 1802; succeeded his father Nov. 20, 1847.

Sisters.

Caroline, born July 29, 1799. Maria (Duchess of Saxe Meiningen), Sept. 6, 1804.

HESSE DARMSTADT. LOUIS III., Grand Duke of Hesse Darmstadt, born June 9, 1806, succ. his father, Louis II., June 16, 1848; mar. Dec. 26, 1833, Matilda, sister of the King of Bavaria.

Brothers and Sister. Charles, b. April 23, 1809; m. Oct. 22, 1836, Eliz., dau. of Prince William of Prussia, b. June 18, 1815. Issue: Louis, b. Sep. 12, 1837; Henry, b. Nov. 28, 1838; Anne, b. May 25, 1843; William, b. Nov. 16, 1845. Alexander, July 15, 1823. Maria, Aug. 8, 1824.

HOLSTEIN.

BRUNSWICK. WILLIAM, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburgh, K.G., born Apr. 25, 1806. Suc. on the expulsion of his brother Duke Charles, Sept. 7, 1830.

MECKLENBURGH.

GEORGE V., Grand Duke of Mecklenburgh Strelitz, born Aug. 12, 1779, succeeded his father, Charles, Nov. 6, 1816, married Aug. 12, 1817, Mary Wilhelmina, cousin of the Elector of Hesse Cassel; born Jan. 21, 1796. Issue:

Fred. born Oct. 17, 1819, mar. June 28, 1843, Augusta, daugh. of the late Duke of Cambridge. Issue, Frederick, b. July 22, 1848. Caroline, b. Jan. 10, 1821. George, Jan. 11, 1824.

NASSAU.

ADOLPHUS, Duke of Nassau, born July 24, 1817, succeeded his father Will. George, Aug. 20, 1839, marr. 1st, 31 Jan. 1844, Elizabeth, Archduchess of Russia, b. May 26, 1826, d. Jan. 28, 1845; 2nd. April 23, 1851, Adelaide, dau. of Fred,Prince d'Anhalt Dessau. Issue, William, b. April 22, 1852.

Frederick, b. Sep. 23, 1854.
Sisters.

Theresa, Aug. 17, 1815.
Mary, Jan. 29, 1825.

Half Brother and Sisters.
Helen, Aug. 12, 1831.
Nicholas, Sep. 20, 1832.
Sophia, July 9, 1836.

SAXE WEIMAR, CHARLES, Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar, born June 24, 1818; succ. his father, July 8, 1853; married Oct. 8, 1842, Sophia, sister of the King of the Netherlands. Issue:

Charles, born July 31, 1844; and three daughters.

Sisters of the Duke. Mary, Feb. 3, 1808, wife of Prince Charles of Prussia.

Augusta, Sept. 30, 1811, wife of Prince William Louis of Prussia.

SAXE COBURG GOTHA. ERNEST II., Duke of Saxe-Co

burg-Gotha, K.G., b. June 21, 1818, suc. his father, Jan. 29, 1844, mar. May 3, 1842, Alexandrina, sister of the Grand Duke of Baden, b. Dec. 6, 1820.

Brother of the Duke.
Albert, (see Great Britain.)
Uncle and Aunts of the Duke.
Juliana, born Sept. 23, 1781,
widow of the Grand Duke
Constantine of Russia.
Victoria (see Great Britain.)
Leopold (see Belgium.)

There are 16 other smaller principalities, which including the 4 free towns and their territories amount in all to 36 states, of which the confederation consists. GREECE.

OTHO, brother of the King of Bavaria, b. June 1st, 1815, elected King by the Provincial Government of the Grecian States, Oct. 5th, 1832; ascended the throne, Jan. 25, 1833. Marr. Nov. 22, 1836, Amelia, daughter of the Duke of Oldenburg, born Dec. 21, 1818.

IONIAN ISLES. Lord High Commis. Sir Henry Geo. Ward, G.C.M.G.

PARMA.

ROBERT, Grand Duke of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastella, b. July 9, 1848; succ. his father, March 27, 1854.

Mother of the Duke, and Regent

during his minority.

Louisa, sister of the Duke of Bordeaux, b. Sept. 21, 1819. Brothers and Sister of the Duke. Margaret, born Jan. 1, 1847. Alice, born Dec. 27, 1849. Henry, born Feb. 12, 1851.

MODENA.

FRANCIS V, Duke of Modena, Massa, Regio and Mirandolo, born June 1, 1819; succ. his father, Jan. 21, 1846; mar. March 30, 1842, Adeline, sister of the King of Bavaria.

Brother and Sisters. Theresa, b. July 14, 1817. Ferdinand, b. July 20, 1821; died Dec. 15, 1849; marr. Oct. 4, 1847, Elizabeth, Archduchess of Austria, b. Jan. 17, 1831, Maria Beatrice, Feb. 13, 1824.

NETHERLANDS.

WILLIAM III., King of the Netherlands, Prince of OrangeNassau, and Grand Duke of Luxemburg; born Feb. 19, 1817; succ. his father March 17, 1849; married, June 18, 1839, Sophia, dau of the King of Wurtemberg, born June 17, 1818. Issue:

William, born Sept. 4, 1840.
Alexander, born Aug. 25, 1851.

Mother of the King.
Anna, aunt of the Emperor of
Russia, b. Jan. 18, 1795, marr.
Feb. 21, 1816, William II. King
of the Netherlands, who d.
March 17, 1849.

Brother & Sister of the King,
Henry, June 13, 1820.
Sophia, Grand Duchess of Saxe-
Weimar, April 8, 1824.
Uncle and Aunt of the King.
Frederick, born Feb. 22, 1797
married May 21, 1825, Louisa
sister of the king of Prussia.
Marianne, born May 9, 1810,
married Sep. 14, 1830, to
Prince Albert of Prussia.

PORTUGAL.

PEDRO V., King of the United Kingdom of Portugal and Algarve, born Sept. 16, 1837; succ. his mother, Maria de Gloria, Nov. 15, 1853.

Father of the King, and Regent. Prince Ferdinand of Saxe Co

burg, nephew of the Duchess of Kent, born Oct. 29, 1816.

Brothers and Sisters of the King. Louis Phillipe, b. Oct. 31, 1838.

John, b. Mar. 16, 1842.
Mary Anne, b. July 21, 1843.
Antonia, b. Feb. 18, 1845.
Ferdinan, b. July 23, 1846.
Augustus, b. Nov. 4, 1847.

ROME.

PIUS IX., Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti, born May 13, 1792; elected Pope, June 16, 1846.

RUSSIA.

ALEXANDER II., Emperor of all the Russias, and King of Poland, born Apr. 29, 1818, succ. his father Nicholas, Mar. 2, 1855, mar. Ap. 28, 1841, Maria, sister of the Grand Duke of Hesse Darmstadt.

Issue; Nicholas, b. Sep. 20, 1843; Alexander, b. March 10, 1845; Vladimir, b. April 22, 1847; Alexis, b. Jan. 2, 1850; Maria, b. Oct. 5, 1853.

Brothers and Sisters of the Emperor. Mary, Aug. 18, 1819, marr. July 14, 1839, Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg.

Olga, 11 Sept. 1822, marr. July
13,1846,Charles, Prince Royal
of Wurtemberg.

Constantine, 21 Sept. 1827, marr.
Sept. 11, 1848, Josefowna,
dau. of Duke Joseph of Saxe
Altenbourg.

Nicholas, 8 Aug. 1831.
Michael, Oct. 25, 1832.

Mother of the Emperor.
Charlotte, sister of the King of
Prussia, born July 13, 1798.

Aunts.

Maria, Duchess Dowager of SaxeWeimar, b. Feb. 16, 1786. Anna, Queen-dowager of the Netherlands, b. Jan. 18, 1795.

SARDINIA.

VICTOR EMMANUEL, King of Sardinia, Duke of Savoy, Piedmont, and Genoa, born March 14, 1820; succ.on the abdication of his father (who died July 28, 1849),