GERMANS AND

"Hurry! Hurry! Let us Magyarize the Kroats, Roumanians, and Saxons, otherwise we are lost!"-Kossuth. "Let us be sure to grant the other nationalities sufficient liberties to make them love Hungary as their own country."-Deak.

SINCE 1880 throughout Austria, since 1881 in Germany also, German School Unions have been formed, whose object, a recently issued manifesto by the eminent leaders of the Union at Berlin, Dec. 7, 1881, declares to be:-"To assist the down-trodden Germans of Hungary† and Transylvania; to support them in their struggle for the preservation of German culture." The manifesto trusts that this will be recognized by Germans as duty, and that 'the organizations of general German School Unions may be sufficient for the protection and defence of Germans wherever modern barbarism attempts to trample German culture under foot." Is Germany, is Europe-can civilization be cognizant of the State Reforms now pressed on the Germans in Hungary? That Hungary, which owed its first civilization to German Missionaries; whose constitution and laws are largely of German origin, and which sacredly guarantee all rights and privileges of loyal citizens to the German colonists;-that Hungary, which was ransomed from Turkish thraldom by streams of German blood, and through the commanding genius of such men as Ludwig of Baden, Maximilian of Bavaria, and Charles of Lorraine ;-that Hungary, which even as late as 1868, at the invitation of the Emperor, voted that non-Magyar races should have liberty regarding language and culture;-can it be possible that Hungary now robs and has for years been robbing the Germans of all these sacred rights? Can it be possible that Austria, -a State without even a basis for national existence,-constantly threatened by Russia since the Berlin Treaty, and only protected by the strong hand of Germany through the Germano-Austrian alliance of 1879,-permits the persecution of Germans within her own boundaries? Alas, Yes.

Germany's increasing power had long frightened the Hungarians, before the defeat of Denmark and the rout of Austria at Sadowa threw them in panic, lest Germany should annex their country, and it was only by granting them the most absolute autonomy that Austria could then induce them to remain in the Union. Transylvania, whose flourishing German civilization was as a needle in the eye of Hungary, was made over in 1867 to Hungary proper, and to Magyarize these Transylvanian Germans became one of the most important elements in the future policy of Hungary. As yet the anaconda of Magyarism has only been able to fearfully bruise and mangle its noble victim. Will not Bismarck in mercy, in justice stretch forth his rescuing hand? The understanding between Slavs and Germans, however, staved off the evil day for a time, but the utter defeat of France in 1871 again terrified the Magyars, and stirred them to redoubled energies, while the strained relations between Russia and Germany, together with Prince Auersperg's (Premier of Austria 1871-79) pro-German and antiSlav policy caused an irreconcileable breach between the Hungarian Slavs and Germans. The occupation of BosniaHerzegovina, which Austria undertook, will, in my opinion, prove to be a Nessus shirt for Austria in her present existence. Certainly the Hungarians consider that it will prove fatal to them unless Magyarization of the foreign

Der Deutsche Schulverein.-F. Arndt, Geh. Commerz.Rath.; Dr. Bach, Director der Falk-Realschule; G. Bleibtreu; Prof. Dr. Bolze, Director der Andreas-Realschule; Georg v. Bunsen; Dr. Gneist, Abgeordneter; Prof. Goldschmidt, Geh. Justiz-Rath.; Heinrich Hardt; Prof. Dr. Hartmann; Julius Heese, Commerz.-Rath.; Friedr. Kapp; Jul. Kauffmann, Commerz.-Rath.; Prof. Otto Pfleiderer.

Der Vorstand. - Dr. Falkenstein, Vorsitzender (N.W., Luisenstr. 45); Dr. Richard Böckh, Stellv. d. Vorsitz. (Charlottenburg, Hardenbergstr. 11 b.); Dr. Vormeng, Erster Schriftführer (W., Köthenerstr. 31); G. Kolb, Zweit. Schriftfüh. (W., Mauerstr. 65); Dr. Bernard, Schatzmeister (C., Kurstr. 34-35); Professor Dr. Wattenbach (W., KöniginAugustastr. 51); Prof. Dr. Zupitza (S.W., Kleinbeerenstr. 7); Prof. Bertram, Stadtschulrath (W., Kurfürstenstr. 14); Prof. Heinr. Brunner, (W.. Matthäikirchstr. 4); Dr. Jannasch, Vorsitzender d. Central-Vereins f. Handelsgeographie (W., Landgrafenstr. 10).

In the Magyar language there is no expression or term for the word Hungarian. Indeed the Magyar tongue has no word for "common people" even, the only Magyar word for it, "nep," signifying much the same as the English word “mob.”

HUNGARIANS.

nationalities in Hungary can be successfully accomplished. The already mentioned edict of 1868, entitled NationalitätenGleichberechtigung, granted complete equality of rights to all Hungarian nationalities, only providing that in official affairs Magyar would be preferred to any other tongue. Since 1872 the Magyars have been with one accord waging a war of extermination on the Germans, and the past ten years have furnished but few glimpses of hope for a better state of things. The former-and for fifty years-celebrated University of Pesth has been Magyarized and sunk so low that the ex-Minister of Instruction, Baron Eötvös, saw no remedy save in partial restoration of its German character, but his proposal was of course rejected. The formerly famous High Schools at Pressburg, Oedenburg, Ofen, Temesvar, etc., are all Magyarized on a correspondingly low scale; and this, in spite of the express stipulation of the Constitution for German State education up to the University. Statistics show that from 1872-1879 the Germa Folk Schools are reduced in number from 1810 to 953, and this while the population has largely increased. To show that Germans are indeed the victims in this butcher on progress and intelligence, we find that the Provins statistics for 1879 give only 953 Folk Schools for 27453 German children, while there are 2848 schools for o 205,374 Roumanian children!

Says Hungarica (p. 82), "To recognize and fulfil the duties of the State towards the German Hungarians m indeed offer insurmountable difficulties to Herr v. Trefort↑ (Minister of Instruction since 1877). He will perhaps ask the Council of Instruction, or institute some inquiry as to the proper remedy for the (to him) inexplicable reduction German Folk Schools! A cognate interesting study work be why it has hitherto been, and probably in the future m be, impossible for the children of the 300,000 Germ. speaking inhabitants of Budapest and its environs to and a solitary German Folk School for their children, whe according to the Budget of 1880, 672.818 florins were for the University of Budapest, and 45,140 florins fr Magyar Girls' High School there!" On May 22nd, 157. a law was passed stipulating that, within six years, Ma must become the sole language of instruction in all the Far Schools, and many Magyar Deputies stated that they re garded this measure as merely an instalment of more Radi! proceedings; yet the 1.700,000 Germans pay their full share of taxes for maintaining the State Schools. The profcand author of Hungarica says that the Magyars from the Minister-President to the lowest ward politician consider the German leaders as absolute foes of the Hungarian system of State."

The truth of which statement is seen in the facts that the Courts ignore pleas made in non-Magyar language; that no officer, not even non-commissioned officer, is ad mitted into pure Slav regiments unless he is thoroughs conversant with Magyar. The railroads even refuse employ Germans, and indeed all public employments being gradually closed against them. Prof. Treitschke eminent historian and editor, hitherto one of the staune defenders of Austro-Hungarian interests, opened his Rev the Preussische Jahrbücher for last year, to a remarkabe anonymous essay on the outrages of Magyarization.

Owing to the compactness of the German settlements in Transylvanian Saxony, Magyarization has not yet gone so far there. But, like their brethren in Hungary proper, the have been forcibly and illegally parcelled up and min with other nationalities in the manner best qualified to r them. Justice is deaf to their humblest pleas, their var endowments are shamefully stolen. Now an Education B is about to be passed leaving their church and school-the very last bulwark of civilization-wholly at the mercy of Hungarian Government; and expressly stipulating that the future all teachers' examinations must be held exclusive in Magyar. As such examining boards will only be forme in connexion with the Magyar High Schools. it is evident that henceforth only graduates of Magyar High Scho will be allowed to teach there, and thus in a few years ti

Hungarica, eine Anklageschrift, von Dr. Rudolf Heins Publisher, J. C. B. Mohr, Freiburg. 1882.

It is Herr v. Trefort's proudest claim that he h advanced Magyarization more than any of his predecessors

Dr. Jannasch stated on the occasion already referred t of the Berlin Union meeting of Dec. 7, 1881, that Maga Delegates had risen in the Diet and declared, amid the thundering applause of their colleagues, "that henceforth German must be relegated to the servant chamber."