Washington and Lee University, an Gen. Robert E. Lee, in 1870, the name was educational institution in Lexington, Va. again changed to its present one. InstrucThe nucleus of it was established in 1749 tion was suspended during the Civil War; under the name of Augusta Academy, by and the institution was reorganized in which it was known till the Revolutionary 1865 under the presidency of Gen. Robert War began, when its name was changed to E. Lee. It reported in 1900: Professors Liberty Hall Academy. In 1780 the in- and instructors, twenty-six; students, stitution was removed to Lexington, when, 220; volumes in the library, 40,000; in 1796, General Washington gave it 100 productive funds, $626,000; grounds shares of stock in the James River Canal and buildings valued at $200.000; inCompany, and the name was changed to come, $45,000; acting president, H. St. Washington College, and on the death of G. Tucker. WASHINGTON AND THE NEWBURG ADDRESS Washington and the Newburg Address. The following is the full text of the NEWBURG ADDRESS (q. v.), together with Washington's reply to the officers of the army: relax, and that more than justice, that gratitude, would blaze forth upon those hands which had upheld her in the darkest stages of her passage from impending servitude to acknowledged independence. But faith has its limits as well as temper, Gentlemen,-A fellow-soldier, whose in- and there are points beyond which neither terests and affections bind him strongly can be stretched without sinking into to you, whose past sufferings have been cowardice or plunging into credulity. as great, and whose future fortunes may This, my friends, I conceive to be your be as desperate as yours, would beg leave to address you. Age has its claims, and rank is not without its pretensions to advise; but, though unsupported by both, he flatters himself that the plain language of sincerity and experience will neither be unheard nor unregarded. situation. Hurried to the very verge of both, another step would ruin you forever. To be tame and unprovoked when injuries press hard upon you is more than weakness; but to look up for kinder usage, without one manly effort of your own, would fix your character and show the Like many of you, he loved private life, world how richly you deserve those chains and left it with regret. He left it, de- you broke. To guard against this evil, termined to retire from the field with the let us take a review of the ground upon necessity that called him to it, and not which we now stand, and thence carry our till then-not till the enemies of his coun- thoughts forward for a monment into the try, the slaves of power, and the hirelings unexplored field of expedient. After a of injustice, were compelled to abandon pursuit of seven long years the object their schemes, and acknowledge America for which we set out is at length brought as terrible in arms as she had been humble within our reach. Yes, my friends, that in remonstrance. With this object in suffering courage of yours was active view, he has long shared in your toils and once-it has conducted the United States mingled in your dangers. He has felt the of America through a doubtful and a cold hand of poverty without a murmur, bloody war; it has placed her in the chair and has seen the insolence of wealth with- of independence, and peace returns again out a sigh. But, too much under the to bless whom? A country willing to direction of his wishes, and sometimes redress your wrongs, cherish your worth, weak enough to mistake desire for opin- and reward your services? A country ion, he has till lately, very lately, be- courting your return to private life with lieved in the justice of his country. He tears of gratitude and smiles of admirahoped that, as the clouds of adversity tion-longing to divide with you the indescattered, and as the sunshine of peace pendency which your gallantry has given, and better fortune broke in upon us, the and those riches which your wounds have coldness and severity of government would preserved? Is this the case?-or is it rather a country that tramples upon your no longer expect from their favor? How rights, disdains your cries, and insults have you been answered? Let the letter Have you not more which you are called to consider to-morthan once suggested your wishes, and made row reply. your distresses? known your wants, to Congress-wants If this, then, be your treatment while pect from peace, when your voice shall sink, and your strength dissipate, by division-when those very swords, the in struments and companions of your glory, shall be taken from your sides, and no remaining mark of military distinction left but your wants, infirmities, and scars? Can you then consent to be the only sufferers by this revolution; and, retiring from the field, grow old in poverty, wretchedness, and contempt? Can you consent to wade through the vile mire of dependency, and owe the miserable remnant of that life to charity, which has hitherto been spent ENTRANCE TO WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS, NEWBURG. in honor? If you can, go, and carry with you the jest of Tories and the scorn of Whigs; the ridicule, and what is worse, the pity, of the world. Go, starve, and be forgotten. But if your spirit should revolt at this-if you have sense enough to discover and spirit enough to oppose tyranny, under whatever garb it may assume, whether it be the plain coat of republicanism or the splendid robe of royalty if you have yet learned to discriminate between a people and a cause, between and principles-awake, attend to your situation, and redress yourselves. If men to some final opinion upon what you can bear and what you will suffer. If your determination be in any proportion to your wrongs, carry your appeal from the justice to the fears of government. Change the milk-and-water style of your last memorial; assume a bolder tone, decent, but lively, spirited, and determined; and suspect the man who would advise to more moderation and longer forbearance. Let two or three men, who can feel as well as write, be appointed to draw up your last remonstrance; for I would no longer give it the suing, soft, unsuccessful epithet of memorial. Let it be represented, in language that will neither dishonor you by its rudeness nor betray you by its fears, what has been promised by Congress, and what has been performed; how long and how patiently you have suffered; how little you have asked, and how much of that little has been denied. Tell them that though you were the first, and would wish to be the last, to encounter danger, though despair itself can never drive you into dishonor, it may drive you from the field; that the wound, often irritated, and never healed, may at length become incurable; and that the slightest mark of malignity from Congress now must operate like the grave, and part you forever. That, in any political event. the army has its alternative; if peace, that nothing shall separate you from your arms but death; if war, that courting the auspices and inviting the directions of your illustrious leader, you will retire to some unsettled country, smile in your turn, and "mock when their fear cometh on." But let it represent also, that should they comply with the request of your late memorial, it would make you more happy, and them more respectable; that while war should continue, you would follow their standard into the field; and when it came to an end, you would withdraw into the shade of private life, and give the world another subject of wonder and applause-an army victorious over its enemies, victorious. over itself. MEETING OF OFFICERS. the present moment be lost, every future GENERAL WASHINGTON'S SPEECH AT THE effort is in vain, and your threats then will be as empty as your entreaties now. I would advise you, therefore, to come Gentlemen,-By an anonymous summons an attempt has been made to con vene you together; how inconsistent with regard to justice, and love of country But he had another plan in view, in Thus much, gentlemen, I have thought which candor and liberality of sentiment, it incumbent on me to observe to you, to show upon what principles I opposed the arisen when the mouth of detraction has irregular and hasty meeting which was been opened against it: it can scarcely proposed to have been held on Tuesday be supposed, at this stage of the war, that last, and not because I wanted a dispo- I am indifferent to its interests. But how sition to give you every opportunity, con- are they to be promoted? The way is sistent with your own honor and the dig- plain, says the anonymous addresser. If nity of the army, to make known your war continues, remove into the unsettled grievances. If my conduct, therefore, has country; there establish yourselves, and not evinced to you that I have been a leave an ungrateful country to defend faithful friend to the army, my declara- itself. But who are they to defend? Our tion of it at this time would be equally wives, our children, our farms, and other unavailing and improper. But, as I was property which we leave behind us? or, among the first who embarked in the in this state of hostile preparation, are cause of our common country; as I have we to take the first two (the latter eannever left your side one moment, but not be removed), to perish in the wilderwhen called from you on public duty; as ness, with hunger, cold, and nakedness? I have been the constant companion and If peace takes place, never sheathe your witness of your distresses, and not among sword, says he, until you have obtained the last to feel and acknowledge your full and ample justice. This dreadful almerits; as I have ever considered my own ternative of either deserting our country military reputation as inseparably con- in the extremest hour of her distress, or nected with that of the army; as my heart turning our arms against it, which is the has ever expanded with joy when I have apparent object, unless Congress can be heard its praises, and my indignation has compelled into instant compliance, has |