1. IRREGULARITIES.-Fero, it will be seen, has two principal irregularities: 1) It forms its Perf. and Sup. tůli (rarely tetŭli) and lātum from obsolete stems. 2) It drops the connecting vowel e or i in certain forms of the Pres. Indic. and Infin., the Imperf. Subj. and the Imperat. It doubles r in the Pres. Infin. Pass.

2. COMPOUNDS of fero are conjugated like the simple verb, but in a few of them the preposition suffers a euphonic change:

Sustüli and sublatum are not used in the sense of suffero, to bear, but they supply the Perf. and Sup. of tollo, to raise. See 280.

293. Volo, I am willing.-Nolo, I am unwilling.—

Malo, I prefer.

1 Vellem and velle are syncopated forms for velěrem, velĕre; e is dropped and r assimilated; velěrem, velrem, vollem; velěre, velre, velle. So nollem and nolle, for nolěrem and nolěre; mallem and malle, for malěrem and malĕre.

1. COMPOSITION.-Nōlo is compounded of ne or non and vŏlo; mālo, of magis and polo.

2. RARE FORMS.-(1) Of vŎLO: volt, voltis, for vult, vultis; sis, sultis, for sl vis, si vultis; vin' for visne.—(2) Of NōLo: nevis, nevult (nevolt), nevelle, for non vis, non vult, nolle.—(3) Of malo: mavõlo, mavělim, mavellem, for malo, malim, mallem.

digm.

1. IRREGULARITY.-Fio is only slightly irregular, as will be seen from the para

2. MEANING.-Fio means (1) to become, (2) to be made, appointed. In the second sense it is used as the passive of facio. See 279.

3. COMPOUNDS of fio are conjugated like the simple verb, but confit, defit, and infit are defective. See 297. III. 2.

1. IRREGULARITIES.-Eo is a verb of the fourth conjugation, but it forms the Sup. with a short vowel (itum) and is irregular in several parts of the present system. It admits contraction according to 234: istis for ivistis, etc.

2. PASSIVE INFINITIVE.-EO as an intransitive verb wants the Passive, except when used impersonally in the third singular itur, ibātur, etc. (301. 3), but īri, the Pass. Infin., occurs as an auxiliary in the Fut. Infin. Pass. of the regular conjugations: amātum īri, etc.

3. COMPOUNDS of eo are generally conjugated like eo, but shorten ivi into ii.— Věneo (venum eo) has sometimes veniēbam for venibam. Many compounds want the supine, and a few admit in the Fut. a rare form in eam, ies, iět.

Transitive compounds have also the Passive: adeo, to approach, adeor, adīris, aditur, etc.

Ambio is regular, like audio, though ambibam for ambiebam occurs.

296. Queo, I am able. Nequeo, I am unable.

Queo, quire, quivi, quitum, and Nequeo, nequire, nequīvi (ii), nequìtum, are conjugated like eo, but they want the Imperative and Gerund, and are rare, except in the Present tense.1

DEFECTIVE VERBS.

297. Defective Verbs want certain parts: we specify the following.

I. PRESENT SYSTEM WANTING.

Coepi, I have begun. Memini, I remember. Odi, I hate.

1. PASSIVE FORM.-With passive infinitives coepi generally takes the passive form: coeptus sum, ĕram, etc. The Part. coeptus is passive in sense.

2. PRESENT IN SENSE.-Memini and ōdi are present in sense; hence in the Pluperf. and Fut. Perf. they have the sense of the Imperf. and Fut.-Novi, I know, Perf. of nosco, to learn, and consuēvi, I am wont, Perf. of consuesco, to accustom one's self, are also present in sense.

1 A passive form, quitur, nequitur, etc., sometimes occurs before a Pass. Infin. 2 Many, which want the Perf. or Sup. or both, have been mentioned under the Classification of Verbs.

Osus is active in cense, hating, but is rare except in compounds: exōsus, perōsus.