tween a toast and a prayer The last town mentioned on the Spanish coast is the unfortunate Tarragona, the population of which is said to have been 10,000. Sir John describes its antiquities rather than its recent state: "This city, from the ramparts of which there is a beautiful prospect of the sea, of the Campo de Tarragona, and the extensive vineyards which supply Reus with its wine and brandy, is the capital of the province, reputed to be the most ancient in Spain, and to bave been fortified by Scipio against the Carthagenians: it is also the next episcopal town to Rome, from which, if the Pope were expelled, the Tarragonese would claim his residence among them, though the city of Toledo disputes this honour. A thousand pens have been engaged, and the produce of many paper-mills expended, in this disputation, of so little importance to an Englishman. "A few Punic and numerous Roman anti quities still remaiu; amongst the latter are to be seen the house of the Roman proconsul, now forming part of the Archbishop's palace, on the walls of which there are several inscrip. || tions, the portal of a temple, a circus, and amphitheatre; and also a very long modern aqueduct, built by the late Archbishop. "The cathedral is a vast Gothic pile, gloomy without, but elgeant within, particularly the chapel of Santa Tecla, the tutelar saint, which is nearly entirely composed of jasper, and the most beautiful marbles of Catalonia. The font, which was formerly a bath used by one of the Roman Emperors, is of marble, and extremely simple. The organ is large and finely toned. In the cloisters are numerous Roman cornices, and inscriptions let into the wall." Sir J. Carr's visit to the monks of Montserrat was very amusing, and we must not altogether omit the narrative of it. This mountain has so often been described as one of the most singular and picturesque elevations on the face of the globe, that every traveller must in course pay his respects to it, if he can; and it is now moreover made interesting as the spot, fortified by nature, to which the Junta of Tarragona (if the reports of the newspapers be true) have fled for refuge since the storming of that city by the French. We may therefore be more than pardoned for inserting Sir John's account of this sierra, inhabited by monks :— "From Esparaguera, we proceeded about a mile and a half to a village near the base of Montserrat, where we exchanged our mules. for asses, leaving the former behind until our return. After slowly ascending this stupen dous mountain, for about two hours and a half, over a badly paved road, winding close to the brink of the most frightful precipices, the superb prospect below expanding at every step, we made a gentle descent, and saw be.. fore us the celebrated monastry of the moun. fain, a vast pile of brick, resembling in form and size the extensive cotton-mills at Lanark near Glasgow, an appearnce not very pic turesque, nor correspondent with the romantic scenery surrounding and impending over it. After passing a fountain well supplied with water, we entered the yard, beholding with amazement an enormous rock, nearly suspended over one side of the convent, from which evidently a vast fragment had been shattered. We halted at the gateway between two colossal figures of saints, mounted upon pedestals, where we were kindly received by one of the brethren, all of whom belong to the order of St. Benedict, and conducted through the cloisters, which are said to be one thousand years old, to the apartment of one of the canonicos, where we were regaled with. chocolate and cakes, and soon after intro. duced to the superior, who occupied a handsome suit of apartments, and by whom we were very politely received. After this we were shewn to the room allotted to us, containing two beds, where, owing to the cold blasts blowing from the Pyrennees in the neighbourhood, we were glad to get a good copa of charcoal. This fuel is powdered, and called carbonilla, and is very unwholesome. A piece of lemon is sometimes thrown into the fire, from a belief that it corrects the noxious effects of the carbonilla. "Just as we were sitting down to a good. supper, the superior sent us a present of a Uu2 very large bottle of most excellent black wine; when this was gone we paid for more, as we did for every thing else. The kitchen is very ancient, spacious, and sable, and a tolerable rival of that of Christ Church Oxford, erected by the bounty of Cardinal Wolsey. A stream of water runs through the middle of one of its divisions, in which plates and knives are expeditiously cleaned, and offal immediately carried away. "Every room kept for strangers was crowded, owing to the number of emigrants from Barcelona, which is distant about eight leagues, Two or three families slept in the next room to ours, and appeared to suffer but little from their exile; for they were reciting from dra. mas, singing, and dancing the greater part of the night. "The morning was beautiful, and we rose with the sun, which gradually unfolded, under various tints, the extensive and magnificent scene, which lay expanded before us, and above which we were so much exalted, that the shadow of the mountains below alone distinguishes them from the valleys at their base. "After a breakfast of some excellent bread and chocolate, we walked forth to look about us, and were again struck with the wonderful cones, which seemed all around us to penetrate the sky with their tops. These cones, which as well as every other part of the rock, are composed of calcareous stone called pud. ding-stone, are said, from their appearance of having been sawed asunder, to give its name to the mountain, the word serra signifying a saw. All of them are smooth; some are stu. pendous in height, and, with but little assistance from imagination, resemble the form of recumbent lions, squatting monks, the fronts and backs of females, and Egyptian idols. It is probable that those cones were once covered with vegetable mould, which has been carried away in the course of ages by the rains, which in Spain are very heavy, and are now left bare like so many vertebræ." We shall now attend the author in his short voyage on the Mediterranean from Tarragona to Palma, the capital of Majorca, in the Palma packet. This part of the excursion was a source of much amusement; and the tourist speaks in flattering terms both of the scenery and inhabitants of the island, He was much captivated as he approached Palma, with its noble cathedral, public buildings, bastions, and the lofty mountains behind | which presented a rich and elegant spectacle. He found the people hospitable; and he gives such a representation of the cheapness of living, and even of good liv. ing, that many will wish that they could transport themselves and their effects to this fortunate island : "The markets are abundantly supplied with every necessary, and what in England would be called every luxury. Fish, fowl, game, and fruits are in great profusion. So cheap is living in this happy island, that a married couple may keep an elegant house in the country, with olive-grounds, gardens, orangegroves, and vineyards, a plentiful table, drink the most delicious wines of the island, keep a carriage and a pair of mules, a suitable num ber of servants, and educate a family of children, in a refined manner, and associate with the best society, upon five hundred a year. "The Exchange is a very curious Gothic edifice, containing a magnificent hall, which owing to the merchants being more disposed to assemble in the open air, than under cover, is now much neglected, and is at present a depôt for corn. Towards the sea the prin cipal street is broad, and many of the houses are very large and magnificent. "The rent of a tolerable good house is about seventy dollars a year; formerly upən au assignment of one, a fine was paid to the King, but this is now done away. There are about seven thousand houses in Palma. The population of the city is averaged at thirtyseven thousand. This account varies from the enumeration given by other travellers, but I was repeatedly assured that it was correct." During a ride to the village of Alfabia, Sir John had an opportunity of seeing the riches of the country, and his description of it is thus given :— "We noticed the caper, which in various parts of this island grows wild, in considerable quantities, aud forms a lucrative subject of exportation to the individual who is principally engaged in it. In no part of Eugiand have I seen more agricultural beatness and industry. All the stone fences, dividing one field from another, were kept in the highest order, as were the walls which embanked the rising grounds. In the immense woods of olives, by which we passed, I noticed some of the most venerable olive-trees I had ever seen; our intelligent companion told us, that there was no doubt of some of them being between four and five hundred years old, as appeared by the sides by lofty and picturesque mountains covered nearly to their craggy summits with olives The grounds were supplied with water from a spacious tank, round the edges of which the cenlentrillo, a plant from which capillaire is made, grew, and which we were informed was a proof of the purity of the water; and I also noticed large myrtle-trees bearing a small fruit of a dark blue colour, which when ripe is eaten. In the chapel be title deeds and register of some of the estates; indeed several were perfect skeletons, and rested upon bare roots rudely resembling tripods. We partook of a noble dinner at Alfabia, distant from Palma about three hours, the country-house of Signor Zaffortesa, than which it would be difficult to conceive any spot under heaven more beautiful or tranquil.|| The riches of this gentleman are very great. Upon the marriage of his brother, he presented him with three hundred thousand dol-longing to the house we were shown the lars, and two coaches filled with silver plate. Behind the house, which was spacious, were orchards of mulberry and almond-trees, gar. dens abounding with the finest vegetables, fruits, orange and citron-groves, a long and exquisite treillage of the most lucious vines, with numerous jets-d'eau playing on each side⠀⠀lem, Banubufar Inca, and Son Berga. I between every arch, whilst the air was per fumed with the fragrance of lavender and thyme growing wild, the whole secured on all state chair of the ancient Kings of Majorca ; at dinner we were regaled with several delicious wines, the production of the island, the best of which, among the white wines, are called Moller, Malvasia, Giro, Montona, Pampol, and Muscadell; amongst the red, Binisa noticed two or three hawks hovering over the ground, but the island is said to be free from venomous animals." FABER ON THE INTERNAL STATE OF FRANCE. ARTICLE II.—Sketch of the Internal State of France. By M. Faber. Translated from the French. 8vo. pp. 300. 7s. 6d. Boards. Murray. 1811. THIS is a most interesting volume; the author has been an eye witness of what he describes, and is, therefore, to be trusted as a faithful guide. France, since the usurpation of the present Emperor, has become a country of prodigious interest to us; the issues of our fate, in a political sense, seem to be placed in her hands-She is the very barometer, according to whose ascent or decline, the hopes of the British Nation fluctuate, and either rise or fall.-Every account, therefore, relative to this country, or to the man who commands her resources, provided it be drawn from faithful springs, cannot but be interesting to our readers.— We shall extract largely from Mr. Faber's Work. Bonaparte on his Travels; i. e. on his circuits through the provinces of his do minions. It is observed that the possession of power has lasted long enough with the French Ruler, to impress him with the notion which is common among hereditary princes, that it is an act of favour and condescension to shew themselves among the people. To this cause, and to the desire of persuading the inhabitants of the cities which he visits that the hours which they see him devote to business are occupied with their concerns, we may ascribe the frequency of his "Progresses." The cere monial to be observed on these occasions has been prescribed in due form by decrees. Every prefect is to be in waiting on the frontiers of his department, and every subprefect on the boundary of his district. Each mayer is to advance at the head of his municipal council to meet the Emperor, while the Rector is in readiness at the door of his church, and the Bishop at the entrance of his cathedral. Such, however, is the haste of his Imperial Majesty, that he seldom stays longer than is necessary to change horses, and generally declines to hear the elaborate speech with which the leaders of deputations are prepared; having been often known to exclaim :-" No barangue, gentlemen," as soon as the orator was ready to begin. He condescends, however, to ask for a copy in writing, and affords the intended speaker the satisfaction of reading it at full length in the official gazette in a few days. He affects, of late years, complete indifference to all the compliments which are paid him, and receives them as his due. When he takes up his abode at the house of a prefect, it is newly furnished and embellished at the expence of the department; messengers being dispatched before him to order and regulate every thing for his reception. In a town of consequence, he is in the habit of addressing questions to the public authorities, with regard to their population, revenue, expenditure, quota to the conscription, &c. These inquiries, being apposite and comprehensive, procured for him at first the reputation of an intimate knowledge of all the departments of his administration: but their incessant and almost literal repetition in his various circuits has opened the eyes of the public, and has shewn that a man may ask a number of general questions without being profoundly versed in the business of government. His journies, like other acts of his administration, are calculated merely for stage-effect, and to authorize the publication of the flattery which is addressed to him in strains such as these: “You arrive, and all our resources are instantaneously developed, all our wounds are at once healed; industry revives, credit is restored, agriculture prospers, the arts and sciences flourish anew." the led horses, often cannot. The citizen com► round. He scales, on horseback, mountains answer nity, it is true, but with a firmness, and a rare sang froid, he shews himself every where absolute master of his seat. Wherever he passes he leaves behind him the remembrance of the rapidity of his course, of the boldness of his leaps, and of an activity unparalleled. He always appears in the act of reconnoitring spots of ground fit for the positions of armies, for forts or redoubts. One would say, to see his active haste, that he was preparing to give battle the following day. Round a manufacturing, a commercial, or an agricultural town, Bonaparte's circuits always bear the same character; he carries the same coup d'œil every where. It is true that this coup d'œil is just; it is always that of an experienced en. gineer, and one that may become very useful when it is necessary. At first sight Bonaparte will point out the best direction to be given to a projected canal, the best place for establish "But," says Mr. Faber, "does Bonaparte in his journies do no good whatever in the places through which he passes? Are those accounts of his extraordinary application all fictitious?-Bonaparte in his journies, the same as when at Paris, displays prodigious activity. No sooner does he alight from his carriage than he receives the Authorities. When the audience is over he mounts his horse, and rides round the town to reconnoitre its situation and its environs. If it happens to be late when he arrives, this reconnoissance is deferred till day-break the next morning, ating or for constructing a port or a dyke. six, five, or perhaps at four o'clock. Before "Bonaparte does not come like a father to the inhabitants are out of bed, Bonaparte has be surrounded by his children; he appears often returned to his lodgings. I have known like a master among his slaves. When salut. him immediately ou alighting propose a hunt-ed, he pays no attention; thousands of heads ing party, which has lasted several hours. All are uncovered when he passes, he makes not his surveys are taken with extreme rapidity. || the slightest inclination; never is his hat Bonaparte, mounted on his Arabian horse, generally leaves those who accompany him far behind; while waiting for them to rejoin him he gains time to make his observations. With the exception, perhaps, of some General, extraordinarily well mounted, scarcely any one of his suite can keep pace with him; his favourite Mameluke, Roustan, who attends with || moved from his head, he seems deaf to the cries of Vivat and huzza! Never is the least impression visible on his countenance, nothing astonishes him, nothing rejoices him. When he is spoken to, his physiognomy remains im. moveable, and seems to express that he knows beforehand all that can be told him. He allows speeches to be recited to him as so many formulas which he knows to be dictated; it is painful to him to listen to them; he submits to this pain, not for himself, but because he wishes the world to learn what men say to him to confess their subjection. If he ask questions it is in the tone of command. He will be answered with quickness; he will be promptly obeyed. It were better to give a false answer than hesitate. A man in office, scrupulous in his assertions, incurs reprimands. Well-informed men have been removed into other departments for not having replied with confidence. Others have obtained crosses of the legion of honour for having answered with boldness.-If Bonaparte will not be beloved, he is well paid in return. He finds no where attachment, no where enthusiasm, for the one necessarily combines with the other. The curious crowd which follows BonaNot a parte in his various courses is mute. voice would be heard when he passes, if the police was not careful to organize the sounds. I have seen placed by the local authorities among different groups of people certain barkers, to cry with stentorian voices, Vive l' Empereur! They lead the mob, and rule it by terror. Their voices pierce amidst the groupes and are heard in different places and at dif ferent moments above all others. I have seen how these men have been compelled to lower their voices, their game being too gross and easily discovered. In towns where the idiom is Italian or German, one hears French voices insulated amidst the native groupes. "I have seen this man; I have seen him an officer in the artillery, general in the army, Consul, Emperor! When yet the Italian u in his name gave him no concern, all then was Italian about him, his physiognomy, his complexion; he had neither the habits, the manners, nor the agreeable figure of a Frenchman; the rough motions and the sharp form of the foreigner displeased. A cold reserved air gave his exterior an appearance of indif. ference for all about him. He always walked concentrated in himself. He is simple in his private manners, in his taste, and in his wants. An uniform the least shewy: a black hat, without any other ornament than the cockade-this is his dress. His ostentatious splendour is not for himself, but for others. He is a slave to it in order to reign over others; he is a borrowed character in the imperial mantle, as in the hat a-la-Henri IV. as he is in all costumes, but it is better to be a borrowed character than to have no consequence he has neither a taste for the table, nor for women, nor for the fine arts; these tastes would level him with other men: he has only one, that of being above || them. He speaks little, he speaks without selection, and with a kind of incorrectness. He gives little coherence to his ideas; he is satisfied to sketch them by strong outlines." The Conscription.-M. Faber gives the following account of this terrible engine of military power. The first proceeding is to form, the lists from the parish-register of the year which has furnished the births; and the next is to ascertain the existence of those who are in life. They are then described in the lists with the greatest care, and copies of the description are left at the chief town of the sub-prefecture. All preliminary arrangements being made, the mayor notifies the day of drawing: "It is a day (says M. Faber), of public mourning, and of agony in every family. Al labour is abandoned; every one has a melancholly interest in being present at the solemnity. The drawing is performed in the public hall of the town. At the hour appointed the conscripts assemble; or in place of the absent, their parents, tutors, delegates, and respondents. The business is performed in the presence of the municipal council, under the presidency of the mayor; and if it is a chief town, the prefect, or subprefect assists. The spectator beholds youths, conducted by their parents, overwhelmed with the weight of their calamity; he discovers sometimes mothers at the poist of despair, who have accompanied all that they hold most dear in the world. A mournful silence reigns in the hall; not even a breath is heard; a sigh occasionally bursts. The mayor makes a short harangue; the name of each conscript is called; the conscript advances; he stretches out his hand to the urn; the destiny of many is included with his; he draws his own. This lottery of human beings is a horrible game! The prefect who is present, born in another department, has a son, on whom, perhaps, at the same moment, the lot is passing at a distant part of the empire. The subprefect, born in the same department, perhaps also the mayor, behold their sons among the couscripts assembled ; the son of the mayor touches the lot, the voice of the father trembles, his eyes overflows; nevertheless he must pronounce a speech to inspire courage into the young soldiers. A third part, perhaps, of the members of the municipal council assembled have their sons among the conscripts. The senti. ments of nature must remain silent before imperious necessity. The business being finished, the mayor first must raise his voice, with |