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This location is situated to the west of Fort Wilkins about eighteen or twenty miles, through which runs, north and south, the Eagle river. This company have now in operation three shafts. The first is seventy-four feet deep, and the vein twenty-three feet wide. The second is thirty-five feet deep, and the vein twenty-two feet wide. The third is thirty-one feet deep, and the vein six feet wide; and each of these three veins exceeds two miles and a half in length. The veins are all within half a mile of each other, and produce silver and copper, averaging from sixty to seventy per cent. They have now on hand, thrown up from the shafts, some 400 tons, which will be ready for shipment to the Boston market by the 1st of September next. Colonel Gratiot has under him nearly 125 men, who are now busily engaged in erecting pounders and crushers, under which passes the trap rock, in which the ore is found. The ore, after this process, is taken and washed in large wire sieves, which separates the rock from the metal. It is then dried, and put into kegs weighing from 300 lbs. to 500 lbs., and ready for market.”

The Wisconsin Democrat adds, that,

"If report be true, copper rocks will ere long cease to be a curiosity. Mr. De Garmo Jones, of Detroit, who passed through this place on his way to Mineral point and Platteville, informed us that another mass of copper, much larger and purer than that obtained from the Ontanagon, had recently been discovered. In regard to the prospects of those who are prosecuting their researches after copper ore on the south shore of Lake Superior, Colonel Jones informs us that they are pretty fair."

"Mineral Resources of Alabama.-The mineral resources in Alabama are of great variety and abundance, but as yet undeveloped. From the report of the committee on agriculture, at the late session of the legislature, we learn that there are five principal, and several other minor mines of gold and silver in Randolph county, producing about 125,000 dollars annually, and affording employment to 300 or 500 persons. In the same county, are inexhaustible beds of iron ore, which does not lose twenty-five per cent in smelting. Tallapoosa, too, is rich in gold and silver mines, and they afford employment to several hundred hands. Goldville is supported by one mine. Gold, too, has been found in Coosa, Talladega, and Chambers. There are iron-foundries in Benton and Talladega. No doubt, were this rich mineral region examined by a scientific person, many valuable discoveries might be made. In Blount, nitre is found in abundance. This side of Tuscaloosa, coal is found in immense quantities, and in many other places. In Clarke, salt can be manufactured at or near Jackson. Iron ore, marble, granite, limestone, &c., are also found in this county. Lead ore, in large quantities, and of excellent quality, is found in the bed of the Tennessee, on the Muscle Shoals; and all these, and others, exist in many other sections of the state." -Hunt's Merchants' Magazine.

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"Arkansas Coal.-The Arkansas Coal company are doing a profitable business in anthracite coal. They anticipate the shipment this year (1844) of 150,000 dollars' worth of coal to the numerous cities and towns on the Mississippi. The coal from the Spadra mines is of the anthracite species, burns freely, with no unpleasant smell, and makes but little dust or ashes. The mining company,' says the Arkansas Gazette, have entered into the matter with great spirit, and we predict that the day is not far distant when all the cities, towns, and villages, on the banks of the great father of waters' will receive their supplies of coal from the state of Arkansas.'"'

"Kennel Coal.-The Pittsburg American states that Messrs. Reynolds and Shunk, who are building a furnace on Red Bank creek, near the Alleghany river, have discovered, in the immediate vicinity of their works, one of the largest bodies of this kind of coal that is known in our country. A friend describes it as lying in a solid body, and opening on the breast of the hill, fourteen feet in depth. This description of coal, from being free from sulphur, which is never the case with bituminous or anthracite, will, we have no doubt, be capable of being converted to great and important uses in the manufacturing of iron. The discovery of a mineral of this description is of very great value. It has heretofore been found in small veins, but this is the first discovery that has been made of so large and valuable a body."

LAKE TRADE, &C.-Cost of Transportation on Canals, Railroads, &c.-Statement made by Mr. Charles Ellet, jun., chief engineer on the James river and Kanawha canal and railroad :-Cost of freight on canals exclusive of tolls, one and a half cent per ton per mile; railroads, two and a half cents; McAdam roads, ten to fifteen cents; common turnpikes, fifteen to twenty cents; steamboats on the lakes, two to four cents per ton per mile; steamboats on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, half to one and a half cent; future average, three-quarters cent per ton per mile.

RATES of Freight and Passage on Lake Erie, to November 1st.

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Down Freight from Ports upon Lake Erie to Buffalo, to pay as follows :—

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50

Heavy. Light.
100lbs. 100lbs.

Barrel. Bulk.

dls. cts. dls. cts. dls. cts. dls. cts. dls. cts. PRICE OF FREIGHT, cents. cents. cents. dlrs. 16 00 8 00 15 00

UNTIL SEPT. 1st.
BUFFALO TO-

Mackinac

Milwaukie, Racine,
Stockport,and Chi-

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Chicago

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DETROIT TO

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871

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Mackinac
Chicago, &c.

Down Freight from the Upper Lakes are charged as follows :

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The charges upon wheat are subject to variations. In the early part of last season, wheat in sacks was brought from the upper lakes to Buffalo, for twelve cents and a half per bushel; but in the autumn, when the demand was good, and when a full supply was in store at the west, double that price was paid.

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On flour shipped at Rochester, two cents is charged for storage; making the whole cost at Albany fifty-six cents per

barrel.

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ARTICLES arriving by the Canals at Tide Water, on the Hudson, during the Year 1844.

ARTICLES.

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818,472 Pig iron................do. 1,166,524 Iron-ware.... .........do. 4,177,489 Woollens...............do. 21,176 Cottons.................do. 18,263 Salt.. .......barrels 175,013 1,299,400 Stone and lime.........lbs. 50,159,800 79,600 Gypsum.................do. 1,891,800 328,900 Coal....................do. 4,594,800 Sundries ...............do. 3,114,800 Merchandise............do. 1,319,700

6,422,600

944,900

867,200

1,584,600

18,480,700

54,722,400 492,300

Flour........

...barrels

Wheat

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2,222,204 Spirits..............gallons

1,194,317 Going from tidewater :-
3,909,000 Merchandise...........tons
2,177,400

* See Table of Articles for previous years, urder the head of New York Canals, &c.

135,616

ARTICLES arriving from other States, in 1844, at the Ports of Buffalo, Oswego, and

.........lbs.
....do.

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One-half the quantity of flour which arrived at tide-water, came from other states; and a large quantity of wheat also came, which was ground in the flouring-mills of New York. Of 2,222,204 barrels of flour which arrived at the Hudson, 1,484,900 barrels were of western produce.

VEGETABLE Food (chiefly Wheat, Flour, Indian Corn, &c.), Imported into New York; Total moving on all the Canals, and arrived at Tide-water.

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"The internal trade of the state has greatly increased in the last two years-that is to say, the quantity of vegetable food moving on all the canals increased, in 1842, but 12,000 tons; while the quantity coming from other states increased 13,000 tons, and the surplus delivered at tide-water increased 29,000 tons-showing that New York furnished 16,000 tons of the increase of vegetable food delivered at tide-water, In 1843, however, the reverse took place; and the movement on all the canals was raised 44,000 tons over the previous year, while the deliveries at tide-water rose but 37,000 tons. In 1844, an increase of 46,000 tons in the whole movement, and of 35,000 tons only, in the deliveries; showing that the internal receipts and deliveries increased thirty per cent more than the external trade. How far this effect has been produced by the carrying of freights upon the railroads, cannot, perhaps, easily be determined. It is, no doubt, true, that considerable quantities were taken off the canals by the railroads, and they would swell the sum of the internal trade without appearing in the deliveries at tide-water. The changing current of the trade is also apparent in the significant fact that the tonnage at Buffalo actually decreased, while that at Oswego increased seventy per cent, and at Whitehall fifty per cent. In those figures, we have doubtless the influence of the Welland canal upon the course of the western trade. Western vessels, coming through the Welland canal, deliver their freights at Oswego, 120 miles in the rear of Buffalo; by which means, that distance of canal tolls is saved. The sagacity of New England capitalists has already detected the route by which the_western produce may reach Boston without incurring the tolls levied by the New York canals. The Boston and Burlington railroad, and the Champlain and Ogdensburgh railroads, are in active progress. By this means, the flank of New York will be completely turned. Vessels laden with the produce of the western lakes may avoid New York canals, by passing the Welland without breaking bulk, and delivering their freight at Ogdensburgh; whence, accumulating the products of northern New York, it may pass, without tolls, over a favourably constructed railroad, to Boston, whose large and grown capital has already, by its facilities, attracted a large portion of the trade, over the Western railroad."

COMPARATIVE View of the Value of Real and Personal Property in Boston and
New York.

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In 1825, the Erie canal

"This is a remarkable change in the face of affairs. Boston, since the completion of its railroad, has advanced more than New York has diminished. was finished, and its effects in New York were as follows:

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"In the ten years prior to the construction of the canal, the valuation increased twenty-five per cent in the ten years succeeding its completion, it increased 117 per cent; in the last ten years, it has increased but eight per cent. This is a very marked result. Boston has increased, in the last four years, twenty per cent; at which rate her increase, for the ten years succeeding the completion of her railroads, is as great as that of New York in the decade commenced by the completion of the Erie canal. These are the marvellous results of rival public works upon the currents of trade and the value of property, at the great centres of business. The political divisions of a country have very little to do with its real interest, when it is divided into artificial or real routes for commerce. New York has expended large sums for the construction of canals: and has, in consequence, imposed a tax upon the northern counties of New York, which are in nowise benefitted by them; but will now, by the expenditure of New England capital, have all their material interests connected with Boston."”—Official Reports and Tables, Hunt's Merchants' Magazine.

WELLAND CANAL TOLLS.-LEGAL RATES.

The first column of figures represents the amount to be paid for passing through the whole line; the second for passing between St. Catharine's and Port Dalhousie. In calculating the amount to be charged for passing between Port Maitland (the entrance from Lake Erie), and St. Catharine's, the collector deducts the amount of the last column from the first, except in the case of vessels which are charged as for the whole line. There is a reduction from the old rates of toll on nearly every article, amounting to seventy-five per cent in one or two instances; and on the principal articles of traffic, the reduction is wenty and twenty-five per cent.

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