Parents' Jobs and Children's LivesTransaction Publishers - 214 Seiten Parents' Jobs and Children's Lives considers the effects of parental working conditions on children's cognition and social development. It also investigates how parental work affects the home environments that parents create for their children, and how these home environments influence the children directly. The theoretical underpinnings of the book draw from both sociology and economics; in addition, the authors make use of literature derived from developmental psychology. Theoretically eclectic, they rely on the personality and social structure framework developed by Melvin Kohn and his colleagues, on arguments regarding the importance of family social capital developed by James Coleman, as well as on ideas from Gary Becker's "new home economics" as guides to model specification. The empirical basis for Parcel and Menaghan's study is a series of multivariate analyses using data drawn from the 1986 and 1988 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey's Child-Mother data set. This data set matches longitudinal data on mothers, derived from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, with data on the children of these mothers born as of 1986. Children aged 3 to 6 were given age-appropriate developmental assessments every two years in order to assess the influence of parental work on short-term changes in their cognition and social behavior. The authors also devote considerable attention to the effects of fathers' work and family structure on the well-being of their children. Parcel and Menaghan's work brings evidence to bear on both the theoretical perspectives guiding the analyses and on current policy debates regarding the nexus of work and family. |
Inhalt
| 1 | |
| 5 | |
| 8 | |
How Does Parental Occupational Complexity Influence Childrens Lives? | 13 |
Parental Wages and Childrens Lives | 17 |
Parental Paid Work Hours Influence Childrens Lives | 18 |
How Does Family Structure Affect Childrens Lives? | 19 |
How Do Characteristics of Parents and the Children Themselves Affect Childrens Lives? | 20 |
Notes | 105 |
Early Parental Work Family Social Capital and Early Childhood Outcomes | 107 |
Sample and Methods | 111 |
Findings | 112 |
Summary and Discussion | 120 |
Notes | 123 |
The Cumulative Effects of Work and Family Conditions on Cognitive and Social Outcomes Early Recent and Current Effects Reconsidered | 125 |
AFQT and Self | 126 |
Do Mothers Jobs Affect Children More Than Fathers Jobs? | 24 |
How Might Changes in Parental Paid Work and Family Structure Affect Child Development? | 26 |
Do These Processes Hold Uniformity across Social Groups and Conditions? | 28 |
Plan of the Book | 29 |
Data Samples and Variables | 31 |
Measures | 33 |
Weighting Missing Data and Analytical Strategy | 43 |
Testing for Statistical Interaction | 44 |
Notes | 45 |
Parents Jobs and Childrens Home Environments | 47 |
Findings | 49 |
Summary and Discussion | 60 |
Notes | 63 |
Parents Jobs and Childrens Cognition | 67 |
Predicting Later Reading and Arithmetic Skills | 73 |
Summary and Discussion | 81 |
Notes | 86 |
Parents Jobs and Childrens Behavior Problems | 87 |
Theoretical Background | 89 |
Sample and Methods | 93 |
Findings | 94 |
Summary and Discussion | 103 |
Patterning of Work and Family Conditions | 127 |
Assessing Cumulative Models of 1988 Child Outcomes | 141 |
Comparing Alternative Specifications | 151 |
Summary and Discussion | 153 |
Notes | 154 |
Conclusions Work Family and Young Childrens Lives | 157 |
Effects on Child Outcomes | 159 |
Mothers versus Fathers | 160 |
A Reassessment | 162 |
Initial Parental Social Advantages and Childrens Outcomes | 166 |
Ethnic and Gender Differences in Processes Affecting Children | 167 |
Limitations of Our Investigation | 168 |
The Dangers and Dividends of Maternal Employment | 169 |
How Do Our Findings Informed Theory? | 170 |
How Do Our Findings Inform Current Policy? | 174 |
Can Our Findings Guide Parents in Making Choices for Their Families? | 176 |
Supplemental Child Care Arrangements Determinants and Consequences | 179 |
The NLSY Data | 183 |
Summary and Discussion | 189 |
References | 193 |
Index | 207 |
Andere Ausgaben - Alle anzeigen
Parents' Jobs and Children's Lives Toby L. Parcel,Elizabeth G. Menaghan Keine Leseprobe verfügbar - 1994 |
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
additional children analysis assess associated background characteristics Beta B Beta categorical variable Chapter characteristics 1986 chil Child characteristics child cognitive child outcomes child social children's home environments children's lives cognitive and social cognitive outcomes cognitive skills direct effects dren dummy variables Education 1988 effects of maternal effects of parental equations ethnicity family changes Family characteristics family conditions family social capital family structure family variables fathers findings suggest Gecas gender Hispanic home envi impact influence interaction Kohn levels of behavior Low birth weight marital Marriage maternal employment Maternal occupational complexity maternal paid maternal resources maternal self-concept Maternal work characteristics measures ment models negative effects NLSY nonsignificant norms Number of children occupational conditions paid work hours paid working conditions Panel Parental characteristics parental paid part-time patterns PIAT positive effects PPVT-R predicting predictors ronments sample siblings social outcomes Spouse work characteristics stably married tions two-tailed test verbal facility
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 200 - MC (1987). Sex differences in distress: The impact of gender and work roles.
Seite 6 - ... Washington April 1971, pp. 203, 205. 1 Pre-1940 figures include all those 14 years of age and The long-term shifts in female labor force status that have occurred since 1940 were accomplished primarily by bringing new groups of women into the paid labor force. Before 1940, the typical female worker was young and single. Between 1940 and 1960, older, married women entered or re-entered the labor force in increasing numbers, while the labor force participation rates of women in the twenty to thirty-four...
Seite 6 - Most of the new jobs added to the economy were concentrated in four industry groups: wholesale and retail trade; transportation and utilities; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. While some have argued that many of the jobs created in the 1980s paid less than the manufacturing jobs that were lost and less than those created in earlier decades...
Seite 34 - They have been themselves standardized so as to have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. This is, in fact, the "general factor" of our four dimensions of social standing.
Seite 14 - having a parent in a complex job can be a resource for children in that it sets a high level of expectation regarding self-direction and intellectual flexibility
Seite 37 - The scales tap cognitive variables, including language stimulation, provision of a variety of stimulating experiences and materials, and encouragement of child achievement; social variables, including responsiveness, warmth, and encouragement of maturity; and physical environmental variables, including amount of sensory input and organization of the physical environment.
Seite 191 - Rather than compensating for initial differences and disadvantages, nonmaternal care arrangements are apt to reflect other existing inequalities among families. For this reason as well it may be difficult to isolate a significant independent effect of child care variables when multivariate models also include measures of family resources capturing such inequalities.
Seite 7 - Jacobs (1989) echoes this more conservative estimate of change with the argument that while increased numbers of women enter male-dominated occupations, they also leave at high rates, thus creating a revolving door through which women pass, with a given group only temporarily occupying positions in male-dominated occupations. Still, it seems likely that some real declines in segregation have occurred, thus moving employed men and women somewhat closer to each other in the paid working conditions...
Seite 11 - Berk (1985) responds to the new home economics by arguing that in addition to the household being a "factory" that combines time and resources to produce able paid workers and socialized children, it also produces gendered relations. Gender intervenes directly in the household division of labor via the enactment of gender ideals, gendered patterns of dominance and submission, and norms that regulate the allocation of whole sets of household tasks. These norms influence the allocation of spouses'...
Seite 41 - NLSY participants in 1980. The AFQT consists of the sum of scores on four subtests of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, including word knowledge, paragraph comprehension, numeric operations, and arithmetic reasoning...
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