Worde to those of Mr. James. From these (which were sold by auction by Mr. Paterson) a large fund of entertainment would probably have been given to the curious, if the life of Mr. Mores had been prolonged. His intentions may be judged of from his valuable "Dissertation on Typographical Founders and Founderies." As no more than 80 copies of it were printed, this must always be consipered as a typographical curiosity. Mr. Nichols, who purchased the whole impression, subjoined a small appendix

to it.

Mr. Mores was a most indefatigabie collector, and pos sessed great application in the early part of his life, but, in the latter part, gave himself up to habits of negligence and dissipation, which brought him to his end by a mortification, in the forty-ninth year of his age, at his house at Low Layton, Nov. 28, 1778. His large collection of curious MSS. and valuable library of books, were sold by auction by Mr. Paterson, in August following. Of the former, his "History and Antiquities of Tunstall in Kent," the only papers that were completed for the press, and for which he had engraved a set of plates out of the many drawings taken at his expence, was purchased at the sale by Mr. Nichols, who gave it to the public as a specimen of parochial antiquities, which will shew the ideas of this industrious antiquary, and his endeavour to make even the minutest record subservient to the great plan of national history.

Mr. Mores married Susannah, daughter of Mr. Bridgman, an eminent grocer in Whitechapel, by whom he had a son and daughter.'

MORETON. See MORTON (JOHN).

MORGAGNI (JOHN BAPTIST), an eminent physician and anatomist, was born at Forli, in Romagna, in February 1682. After a careful education, in which be displayed a proficiency in classical and philosophical acquirements beyond his years, he studied medicine at Bologna with great ardour, and soon attracted the attention and esteem of his able masters, Valsalva and Albertini; the former of whom availed himself of his assistance in the researches into the organ of hearing, which he was at that time prosecuting, and in drawing up his memoirs upon that subject. Morgagni also acted as substitute during the

1 Nichols's Bowyer.

absence of professor Valsalva on a journey to Parma, and illustrated his lectures by numerous anatomical preparations. Soon after he travelled for improvement, going first to Venice, where he cultivated several branches of physics, with the assistance of Poleni, Zanichelli, and other scientific men; and afterwards he visited Padua, where he attended the schools, under the direction of distinguished professors, with his accustomed industry. After his return he settled for a short time at his native place, and then by the advice of Guglielmini, returned to Padua, where he was appointed professor, in 1711, and taught the theory of physic. He became the intimate friend of the celebrated Lancisi, whom he assisted in preparing for publication the drawings of Eustachius, which appeared in 1714. He had already distinguished himself by the publication of the first part of his own work, the "Adversaria Anatomica," Bonon. 1706, 4to, which was remarkable for the originality of its execution, and for the accuracy, as well as the novelty, of the observations which it contained. He published, successively, from this time to 1719, five other parts of this important work, which contains a great many discoveries in different parts of the human body, most correctly detailed.

The progress of this work had extended his reputation throughout Europe; and in 1715, his talents were rewarded by an appointment to the first anatomical professorship in the university of Padua; and henceforth to the close of a long life he ranked deservedly at the head of the anatomists of his time, and literary honours were accumulated upon him from every quarter of Europe. He was elected a member of the Academia Naturæ Curiosorum, in 1708; of the Royal Society of London, in 1724; of the Academy of Sciences at Paris, in 1731; of the Imperial Academy of Petersburgh, in 1735; and of the Academy of Berlin, in 1754; and he was one of the first associates of the Institute of Bologna. All the learned and great, who passed through Bologna, visited Morgagni; he was honoured by the particular esteem of three successive popes; and his native city of Forli placed his bust in their public hall during his life, with an honorary inscription. He married a lady of noble family at Forli, by whom he had fifteen children, eight of whom survived him. By his professional labours, and a life of frugality, he accumulated a large

property, and died at the advanced age of ninety years, about the end of 1771, in the possession of his faculties.

In addition to the Adversaria, already mentioned, Morgagni published the following works: "In Aurelium Celsum et Quintum Serenum Sammonicum Epistolæ quatuor," 1704;"Nova Institutionum Medicarum Idea," Patav. 1712; which was written upon his appointment to the theoretical chair, and teaches the proper method of acquiring medical science; "Vita Guglielmini," prefixed to an edition of the works of that physician, Geneva, 1719; "Epistolæ Anatomicæ duæ, novas observationes et animadversiones complectentes, quibus Anatome augetur, &c." which were edited at Leyden by Boerhaave, and relate chiefly to a dispute with Bianchi on the structure of the liver. "( Epistolæ Anatomicæ XVIII. ad Scripta pertinentes celeb. Ant. Mar. Valsalve," Venice, 1740, 2 vols. 4to. To these epistles are prefixed a life of Valsalva. "De Sedibus et Causis Morborum per Anatomiam indagatis, Libri quinque," Venice, 1760, folio. This great and valuable work was published when the author had nearly reached his eightieth year. It contains a prodigious collection of dissections of morbid bodies, made by himself and his master, Valsalva; arranged according to the organs of the body in which the diseases were seated. He followed the plan adopted by Bonetus, in his "Sepulchre tum Anatomicum;" but the accuracy and fidelity of his details render this collection of morbid anatomy of very superior value to all that had preceded it. Of this work an excellent translation was published by Dr. Benjamin Alexander, in 1769, 3 vols. 4to. Morgagni's last publication, in 1763, "Opuscula miscellanea, quorum non pauca nunc primum prodierunt," Venice, folio, contains dissertations on the lachrymal ducts, on the glands, on gall-stones, urinary calculi, &c. in addition to his first-published critical dissertations on Celsus. In 1765, a complete edition of his whole works was printed at Bassano, 5 vols. folio.'

MORHOF (DANIEL GEORGE), a very learned German, was born of a good family at Wismar, a town in the duchy of Mecklenburg, Feb. 6, 1639. After some school education at Wismar, he was sent in his sixteenth year to Stetin, where he studied philosophy under John Micrælius,

1 Fabroni Vitae Italorum, vol. XII.-Rees's Cyclopædia.-Eloy, Dict. Hist. de Medicine

Hebrew under Joachim Fabricius, and civil law under John Sithman; without neglecting, in the mean time, the belles lettres, which he had principally at heart. In 1657, be removed to Rostock, in order to continue the study of the Jaw; but in consequence of his "Lessus in Ciconiam Adrianum, carmen juvenile et ludicrum," published in quarto, he was chosen professor of poetry in 1660. The same year he made a journey into Holland and England, resided some time in the university of Oxford, and then returned to his employment at Rostock. He published, in 1661, "Dissertatio de enthusiasmo et furore poetico," 4to; and, at Franeker, where he took his doctor's degree, he published his thesis "De jure silentii," 1661, 4to. At Rostock he remained until 1665, when the duke of Holstein, having founded an university at Kiel, engaged him to accept the professorship of poetry and eloquence. In 1670, he made a second journey into Holland and England, contracting the acquaintance and friendship of learned men in every place as he passed along. He saw Grævius at Utrecht, J. Frederic Gronovius at Leyden, Nicolas Heinsius at the Hague, &c. In England he conversed much with Isaac Vossius, and with the hon. Robert Boyle. He admired Boyle so much, that he translated one of his philosophical works into Latin, and published it at Hamburgh in 1671. Returning to his own country, he was twice in danger of losing his life. He was near being shipwrecked in his passage over the water; and he had like to have been crushed to death by the fall of a great quantity of books, and paper, while he was amusing himself in Elzevir's shop at Amsterdam. The first of these dangers was rumoured in his own country, before his arrival; and his being drowned was so firmly believed, that several elegies were made upon his death. He married at Kiel in 1671; two years after was made professor of history; and, in 1680, librarian of the university. His extreme ardour for study for some time supported him in composing his numerous works, and discharging his official duties; but his constitution at length sunk under so many labours; and his illness, being increased by drinking Pyrmont-waters, carried him off July 30, 1691. His death is also supposed to have been hastened by his excessive grief for the loss of his wife in 1687.

He was the author of several works of a smaller kind; as "Orations," "Dissertations," "Theses," and "Poems,

his "

some of which were of the ludicrous kind, for which he appears always to have had a taste. But his great work is Polyhistor, sive de Notitia Auctorum et Rerum Commentarii;" for such was its title when first published at Lubec in 1688. It has been enlarged, since the death of Morhof, in several successive editions; the last and best of which was published at Lubec, 1747, in 2 vols. quarto, with this title: "D. G. Morhofii Polyhistor, literarius, philosophicus, et practicus, cum accessionibus Virorum clarissimorum Joannis Frickii et Joannis Molleri Flensburgensis. Editio quarta. Cui Præfationem Notitiamque Diariorum literariorum Europæ præmisit Joannes Albertus Fabricius, nunc auctam et ad annum 1747 continuatam." This is the most extensive, and perhaps the best history of literature extant; yet it wants a more happy arrangement, and even with the help of an apparently very minute index, cannot be consulted with ease; but with all these defects, the obligations which every man curious in literary history owes to Morhof, are such as entitles his memory to the highest respect.

Among his lesser performances is a work entitled "Princeps Medicus," Roctock, 1665, 4to, a dissertation on the cure of the king's evil by the kings of France and Eng land, which he supports as miraculous. He was answered by Zeingrave, a divine of Strasburgh; and we ought not to be very severe on Morhof's credulity in this respect, when we consider that the royal touch was practised by our own sovereigns for more than half a century after the date of his work. We can however less excuse him for his treatise "De transmutatione metallorum," Hamburgh, 1673, 8vo, although even in this case it may be said that he was not the only man of learning who at that time had not forsaken the absurdities of alchemy. He published afterwards in German a valuable dissertation on "German Poetry;" another on the style of Livy: "De Patavinitate Liviana;" and after his death appeared one of his most elegant dissertations, "De pura dictione Latina," edited by Mosheim, in 1725, 8vo.

MORIN (JOHN BAPTIST), physician and regius professor of mathematics at Paris, was born at Villefranche in Beaujolois, Feb. 23, 1583. After studying philosophy at Aix

1 Niceron, vol. II.—Moreri.-Eloge by Moller, in the edition of the Polyhist. of 1708, omitted by Fabricius.-Saxii Onomast.