had left the heights. Those who dwelt along by the sea did
not abandon their cities. The innkeeper gave much money
to his son.
He gave much money to the sons of the inn
keeper. (43) Those who dwelt by the sea were evidently
troubled. (44)

I cut in

§ 25. Sooner, earlier, ngóτegos. By, denoting the agen or doer, with a verb of pass. meaning, vлò c. gen. pieces, xαταxóлτw. Am engaged in some predatory excursion, ἁρπάζω τι. I perish, ἀπόλλυμαι. I wander, πλανῶμαι. Ι find, sigioxo. I leave behind, leave remaining, inolɛiлw. εὑρίσκω.

He perished in wandering. They perished in wandering. The interpreter perished in wandering. He perished in some predatory excursion. He found the road. They did not find the road. They were not able to find the road. They cut in pieces the army of Cyrus. The army of Cyrus was cut in pieces by them. He plundered the city. The city was plundered by him. We plundered all of the cities. All of the cities were plundered by us. The whole city was plundered by him.

The king reached Tarsus sooner (15) than I. They ar rived at the sea sooner than the targeteers. They arrived at the tents where the Cilicians kept guard sooner than those who dwelt by the sea. Some were cut in pieces by the Greeks (46) while engaged in a predatory excursion; others,

(43) The Greeks often used a participle, where we should more naturally use a substantive. Thus, oi tà kan. ἔχ. for οἱ κάπηλοι ; 30, οἱ ἐνοι· KODUTES, the inhabitants, ol peúyovres, the exiles.

(44) See note (25), ch. 2.

(45) Observe that the Greek word for "sooner" is an adjective, agreeing with the subject of the verb. Often, when the idea of time or motion was expressed, the Greeks and Romans gave the qualifying word the form of an adjective rather than of an adverb.

(46) The Eng. word "by" standing before the name of an agent or doer, is ordinarily expressed in Greek by únò with the gen.; after verbals in ríos, by the dat. alone.

not being able to find the roads, after that perished dering. They left the other army (47) behind. The doned the rest of the army. A rugged and lofty m encompasses the other city. A messenger arrived, that they had already left the rest of the city.

§ 26. I go into the power of any one, ozouai Tivi sis Am in the power of, see ch. 1, § 4. An assurance, Destruction, legos. A fellow-soldier, ovoτgations. 1 previously, noóregov. Yet, up to this time, nú. I am en angry, ogritouai.

He plundered the city-this city-the same city(49) city itself-the other city-the rest of the city-the w city. They evacuated the place-the place itself-the place. He left us behind. He himself left us behind. left us ourselves. We ourselves left him. We left himself. He was left behind by us ourselves. The s soldiers were left behind. The soldiers themselves left behind. The messenger spoke these things. The mess ger himself spoke the same things. I myself am enrag The interpreter himself is enraged. The city itself w plundered. The same city was plundered. The same cit were plundered.

They plundered the palace (48) in Tarsus and the ci itself. (49) Having plundered the city Tarsus, he marche two days' journey, ten parasangs. Cyrus did not come in the power of his brother. His wife having taken assurance persuaded him. (4) His wife persuaded Syennesis himsel

(47) The other army, Tò repov orpárevua; the rest of, etc., rò a στράτο

(49) A word or phrase added to a noun for the purpose of description or definition often takes the article. Crosby, § 687. Küh., § 245, 3, (a). Avros preceded by the article always means, the same, cf. note 37) ch. 2; not preceded by the article- and in apposition with a noun or

perished in war 1. They aban lofty mountain

rrived, saying

* τινι εἰς χεῖρα; urance, πίστις

Stn. Before am enraged,

ty(49)-the -the whole

-the same ind. He left him

The same

= left us

messen

nraged. If was e cities

- city ched into

aces

elf.

αλο

n

With (50) the same (49) army, they plunaered the city itself. He sent for me, pretending to be (5) enraged on account of the destruction of his soldiers. He abandoned his fellow-soldiers. He denied (52) that he sent away the soldiers. He did not at any time before come into the power of the king.

§ 27. After, μεta c. acc. One another, not used in the nom.; gen. άýlov. Necklace, argenτós, 6. Bracelet, yiLov. Having a gold-studded bridle, zovoozáhivos. Gift, dwgov. Honorable, riuios. Golden, adorned with gold, xovoous. Robe, OTOk. I think, suppose, esteem, vouitw. I receive, take, lapPára. I am willing, consent, Déw. Scimeter, uxivázys. A slave, ἀνδράποδον. I take back, ἀπολαμβάνω. Any where, που (enclit.). I fall in with, meet, vrvyzávo.

The wife of Syennesis has necklaces and bracelets. He gave much money to the wife of Syennesis. many gifts to the wife of Syennesis herself.

They gave The wife of

Syennesis has a robe adorned with gold. She herself presented a robe adorned with gold to the same slave. I am not willing to give this robe to the slave. I gave the robe to him. gave the robe to him himself. We met with him the next day. I met with the man himself the same day.

I

After these things they were with one another ten days. They came into the presence (53) of the king with (54) golden

pronoun expressed or implied, also in the oblique cases when it stands first in its clause, it is intensive and is translated, himself, herself, etc.; in all other cases, it is a simple personal pronoun and is translated him, her, etc. In the nom. it is always intensive; for, if no noun or pronoun is expressed with which it is in apposition, one is always implied.

(50) See note (*), ch. 2.

(51) ὡς, etc.

(52) ov pnμı, I deny or refuse.

(55) Tapà and acc. See § 12, ch. 2.

necklaces and bracelets. He presented to me a hors gold-studded bridle, a gift which is esteemed honorab king. Having received assurances and a robe ador gold, they consented (55) to go into the power of Cyrus did not at that time consent to be in the power of army. He presented to the general golden scime the army. They took back the slaves which had been if they any where met with them.

rse with a

ble with a

rned with

s. They Of(56) the eters for

n seized

See § 4,

CHAPTER THIRD.

§ 1. Army, orqariά. To go against, ievai

στρατιά.

ἰέναι ἐπὶ c. acc. Το go forward, προϊέναι. Το go farther, ἰέναι τοῦ πρόσω. 1 try to force, compel, ßiáloμai (used here de conatu). I begin, ἄρχομαι. I am hired, μισθοῦμαι. For an end in view) ἐπὶ c. dat. I cast (stones or any missiles) at, ßálaw. burden, υποζύγιον.

Beast of

We are

They are going forward. He is going farther. going against the king. We are hired for this (purpose). He was hired for this (purpose). himself began to go farther. forward. He refused to go.

He began to go forward. He
They themselves began to go
He refuses to go. He denied

that he was hired for this (purpose).

The army refuses to go farther. The soldiers refused to go against the king. They tried to force his(') soldiers to go farther: but they (*) denied that they were going against the king. They already began to go forward. I was not hired for this (purpose). They were hired to cast (stones) at his beasts of burden.

(') The word "his" is not reflexive here therefore, avrov or ¿kɛívov not aůrou must be used; unless the Greek word for "his" be omitted. See note (1), ch. 1. The soldiers of Clearchus, and below, his beasts of burden, are contrasted with those of the other generals; hence the pro nouns are expressed by Xenophon in this sentence.

(2) See note (9), ch. 1.