about 23 years, will be found nearer the true rate of increase. per cent. to the total of the last year, giving a duplication in posed to double in 20 years, since which an annual addition of 3 Before the census of 1790 and of 1800, the population was sup FREE WHITE MALES. A CENSUS OF INHABITANTS IN THE UNITED STATES IN THE YEAR 1800. Vermont, 29,420 27,970 12.305 9,945 5,352 12,046 13,242 16,544 N. Hampshire, 30,694 14,881 16,379 17,589 Massachusetts, 63,646 32,507 37,905 39,729 Maine, 12,900 15,318 Rhode Island, 5,889 5,785 4,887 9,524 5,026 6,463 6,939 5,648 3,304 380 69,122 Connecticut, 37,946 19,408 21,683 23,180 18,976 35,736 18,218 23,561 25,186 20,827 5,300 951 251,002 50,097 44,273 49,275 61,594 31,855 95,473 39,47I 48,116 56,411 28,651 10,374 20,613 586,050 New Jersey, 33,900 15,859 16,301 19,956 12,629 32,622 14,827 17,018 19,534 I 1,600 4,402 12,422 211,149 Pennsylvania, 103,226 46,061 54,262 59,333 38,585 99,624 43,789 53,947 53,846 33,395 14,564 1,706 602,545 4,437 5,121 17,743 21,929 23,553 40,820 49,191 50,819 14,045 15,705 17,699 63,118 27,073 31,560 31,209 37,4II 16,156 17,761 19,841 8,469 9,787 5,012 2,213 7,628 4,277 5,543 4,981 2,390 8,268 6,153 64,273 13,712 84,703 30,442 87.993 39,148 51,209 9,238 34,949 I3,433 16,787 22,915 21,725 12,180 19,987 107,707 349,692 41,746 34,179 20,507 346,968 886,1 149 15,524 14,934 7,075 741 40,343 220,959 19,344 18,688 59,074 25,874 32,989 10,244 34,664 15,857 30,665 17,514 7,043 133,196 478,105 18,145 17,236 9,437 3,185146,151 345,591 10,914 4,957 18,407 7,914 9,243 8,835 3,894 1,919 59,699 162,636 19,227 7,194 8,282 8,352 4,125 18,450 7,042 8,554 6,992 3,491 309 13,584 105,602 N. W. Territ. 9,362 3,637 4.636 4,833 1,955 8,644 3,353 3,861 3,342 1,395 337 45,365 Indiana Terr. 854 347 466 645 262 791 280 424 393 115 163 135 5,641 Mississ. Ter. 999 356 482 780 290 933 376 352 426 165 182 3,489 8,850 Total. For the following estimate of provincial population in 1753, (see Marshall's Life of Washington,) given as an authentic account from militia-rolls, poll-taxes, bills of mortality, returns from Governors and other authorities of the time. The foregoing estimate was originally formed by the venerable Dr. Franklin, whose attention to STATISTICAL INQUIRY was unequalled in his time'; and as the two census since obtained, and here inserted, have sufficiently confirmed the truth of his estimates, they will be recognized with pleasure by every American, so will the following apposite reflections on population, &c. from a letter written by the doctor in 1755. "Tables of the proportion of marriages to births, of deaths to births, of marriages to the number of inhabitants, &c. formed on observations made on bills of mortality, christenings, &c. of populous cities, will not suit countries; nor will tables formed on observations made on full settled old countries, as Europe, suit new countries, as America. "For people increase in proportion to the number of marriages, and that is greater in proportion to the ease and convenience of supporting a family. When families can be easily supported, more persons marry, and earlier in life. K "In cities, where all trades, occupations and offices are full, many delay until they can see how to bear the charges of a family; which charges are greater in cities, as luxury is more common; many live single during life, and continue servants to families, journey-men to trades, &c. hence cities do not by natural generation supply themselves with inhabitants; the deaths are more than the births. "In countries full settled, the case must be nearly the same; all lands being occupied and improved to the height, those who cannot get land must labour for those who have it; when labourers are plenty their wages will be low; by low wages a family is supported with difficulty; this difficulty deters many from marriage, who, therefore, long continue servants and single. Only as cities take supplies of people from the country, and thereby make a little more room in the country, marriage is a little more encouraged there, and the births exceed the deaths. "Great part of Europe is fully settled with husbandmen, manufacturers, &c. and therefore cannot now increase in people. Land being plenty in America, and so cheap as that a labouring man, who understands husbandry, can in a short time save money enough to purchase a piece of new land sufficient for a plantation, whereon he may subsist a family; such are not afraid to marry, for even if they look far enough forward to consider how their children, when grown, are to be provided for, they see that more land is to be had at rates equally easy, all circumstances considered. "Hence marriages in America are more general, and more generally early than in Europe. And if it is reckoned there, that there is but one marriage per annum among one hundred persons, perhaps we may here reckon two; and if in Europe they have but four births to a marriage (many of their marriages being late) we may here reckon eight; of which, if one half grow up, and our marriages are made, reckoning one with another, at twenty years of age, our people must double at least every twenty years. "But notwithstanding this increase, so VAST IS THE TERRITORY OF NORTH AMERICA, that it will require many ages to settle it fully; and, until it is fully settled, labour will never be cheap here, where no man continues long a labourer for others, but gets a plantation of his own; no man continues long a journey-man to a trade, but goes among those new settlers, and sets up for himself, &c. Hence labour is no cheaper now (1755) in Pennsylvania than it was thirty years ago, though so many thousand labouring people have been imported from Germany and Ireland. "In proportion to the increase of the colonies, a vast demand is growing for British manufactures, a glorious market wholly in the power of Britain, in which foreigners cannot interfere, which will increase in a short time even beyond her power of supplying, though her whole trade should be to her colonies." *The narrow policy of the lord Sheffields, of Britain, will probably soon change this once flattering prospect for the British nation. The following table formed from the first census, will show the proportion which the sexes bear to each other in each of the United States. * Migrations to other states and seamen occasion the disproportion of males in these states. For the present rapid increase of population the United States are less indebted to foreign emigration than was formerly believed, if reliance may be placed on the best records and estimates at present attainable; by these they have not averaged more than 4,000 for the last ten years, while it is known that above half that number have migrated from the United States, a part to Upper Canada, and more as seafaring adventurers, to every part of the globe. Further to illustrate these subjects, the averaged births and deaths are thus stated from the best present sources, viz. In Portsmouth, N. Hampshire, there are 100 births to 50 deaths, In Salem, Massachusetts, In Boston, 100 to 49 and 51 do. 100 to 49 and 52 In Hartford, Connecticut, In New York, N. York, In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, In Baltimore, Maryland, In the City of Washington, In Norfolk, Virginia, In Charleston, S. Carolina, But in the healthiest parts even of Carolina and Georgia, And for the United States, averaged, |