CRITO. 13 A. miúde, at this time of day, that is, at so early an hour. Tvíka and its corresponding relative and demonstrative words, together with their derivatives, have respect, in Attic usage, not to time in general, but to the hour of the day.† où πрëri iσTiv, or is it not still early in the morning? Buttman writes mp (without the iota subscript); Fischer πрŵ; the earlier editions poi, which Bekker, Ast and Stallbaum shorten into po after the authority of the poets and the old grammarians.—ñávʊ μèv ovv, certainly it is, is the most common expression of full assent in Plato's Dialogues. Sometimes it stands in construction with a verb, as in Apol. 26, B, but more frequently by itself, as here. ñávʊ уe is also frequent in affirmative answers, cf. Apol. 25, C. sent, the pèv and ye restriction, and ovv accordance so far (it is) as you say.—ñŋvíkа μádiora, what time of day about. páλiora, with words of number, denotes uncertainty, or indefiniteness.—"Op≈pos Ba≈ús, very early dawn. πрά is simply morning; oppos is the dawn or rising of the day. Basús adds emphasis, very early. We speak of midnight deep, deep night, &c. The Greeks extend the same figure to morning and evening the former in its earliest, and the latter in its latest stages.--Vпакоvσαι, to hearken and hence open the door for admittance. oπws gives emphasis to the expression of surprise: I wonder how it happened that he was willing to admit you, sc. at s very early an hour, as he was not accus The πáv expresses ascertainly = tomed to open the prison gate very early, cf. Phædo, 59, D. -τоû deσμwτnpíov. I have said in the Preface, perhaps the same cell, hewn out of the solid rock, near the old Agora, which now bears the name of "the Prison of Socrates." Professor Felton says: "undoubtedly; I read the Phædo there, and when I came to the passage where Crito says, the sun is yet upon the mountains, I stepped to the entrance of the cell, and lo! the shadows covered the valleys, but the sun still lingered on Mars' Hill, the Acropolis, and Lycabettus."--Kaí Tɩ Kaì eveρyérŋrai, and he has also been somewhat obliged by me. For the omission of the augment. in evepyérŋrai, see C. 188, N.; K. 126, R. 1; Mt. 167, 6.- –’Etieikŵs táλai, a considerable time since. В. eira nôs, then how did it happen, that, &c., expressive of surprise.――ovd åv avròs ÿßeλov, I should not have myself preferred to be in so much sleeplessness and sorrow, sc. if I had been at liberty to choose simply for myself; but for your sake I felt constrained not to disturb your quiet slumbers. This reason is implied here and more fully expressed below: èñirŋδές σε οὐκ ἤγειρον, ἵνα ὡς ἥδιστα διάγης.—ἐν τοσαύτῃ, sc. so much as I have suffered, while I have been watching your peaceful slumbers. τε preceding ἀγρυπνίᾳ shows that τοσαύτῃ belongs not only to ἀγρυπνίᾳ, but also to λύπῃ so much both sleeplessness and sorrow. -ὡς ἡδέως ὅτι οὕτως ἡδέως. Το below, ὡς ῥᾳδίως = ὅτι οὕτω ῥᾳδίως. Stallb.—διάγης. The subjunctive after a past tense denotes continuance to the present time. Tрónov, turn of mind, or manner of life, hence == character, Lat. mores. For the gen., see C. 372; K. 274, f; Mt. 366, 5. As to the sentiment, compare Xen. Mem. iv. 8, 2. = TηALKOÛTOV Övтa, a man of my age, sc. 70, Apol. 17, D. C. ἀλλ ̓ οὐδὲν αὐτοὺς ἐπιλύεται, κ.τ.λ., but not at all does their age set them free from grieving at their present fortune, literally, as to not grieving, or so as not to grieve. Tò ȧyavaкreiv is acc. of specification, and does not differ essentially from =ne non, or quo minus. ὥστε ἀγανακτεῖν. μὴ οὐχὶ Instead of -ὡς ἐμοὶ dok@. Cf. note, 18, A.——èv Toîs Bapúrar'. This is one of several ways in which the superlative is strengthened by the, Greeks. The origin of the formula is variously explained. In such passages as this, it may be analyzed as Stallbaum does viz. = ἐν τοῖς βαρέως φέρουσιν ἐγὼ βαρύτατ ̓ ἂν ἐνέγκαιμι. In other passages, Toîs seems to be neuter, and to be used like a pronoun, i. e. ἐν τοῖς = EV TOÚTOLS. Cf. C. 462, ß; K. 239, R. 2; Mt. 290. τίνα ταύτην, sc. φέρεις = τίς ἔστιν αὕτη ἡ ἀγγελία, ἣν φέρεις.—ἢ τὸ πλοῖον, κ.τ.λ., or has the vessel arrived, &c. The ✈ in such interrogative sentences is restrictive of a more general question, or corrective of the foregoing context = but why do I ask? The vessel here mentioned is that in which Theseus returned from Crete, bringing back in safety the seven young men and seven maidens, whom the Athenians were obliged to send every year as a tribute to Minos, the Cretan king. Ever after this unexpected deliverance, the same vessel (patched and repaired till its identity became a vexed question for the speculative philosophers) was sent every year in sacred procession to the island of Delos, as a thank offering to Apollo. And from the moment when the sacred stern was crowned with garlands till its return, it was unlawful to defile the purified city with any public execution. It so happened, that the vessel set sail for Delos the very day before the condemnation of Socrates. He thus gained a respite of some thirty days, which he spent in prison, but in free conversation with his friends. See the whole thing explained in full, Phædo, 58. Cf. also Xen. Mem. Iv. 8, 2; Plut. Vit. Thes., &c. D. δόκει μὲν. μέν is not unfrequently used, especially after dóket, oluat, and the like verbs, without the corresponding δέ expressed, but implying some such clause as σαφῶς δ ̓ οὐκ οἶδα. Here, however, dóket μèv is employed with that Attic urbanity, which avoids positive assertions, even when no doubt is intended, for just below he says: δῆλον οὖν, ὅτι ἥξει Thμepov. Sunium was the south-eastern promontory of Attica. —rúxŋ ủyaðî. A formula of prayer or well-wishing, often used by the Greeks in entering upon any enterprise or at the mention of any anticipated event, equivalent to the Latin, quod bene vertat. The use of it by Socrates in this connection is a striking illustration of his cheerfulness and hopefulness in view of death. A. που, I suppose, ni fallor.- -τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἢ ᾗ ἂν ἔλθῃ the next day after the ship may arrive. vorepala is followed by because it involves a comparative.- -Φασί γέ τοι δὴ, 80 say, at least, to be sure, those who have the disposal of these things, sc. the Eleven. pari is emphatic, they say so to be sure, though Crito would fain doubt it and show them to be mistaken, if he can but persuade Socrates. The restrictive particles, yé To = so much at all events cannot be denied, viz., that they say so. d then positively affirms the same thing: they certainly say so. Cf. Arn. Gr. Pr. Comp. 191, 192, and Hermann ad Viger, p. 790.-τns éпιovσns nμépas, the coming day, i. e. the day about to dawn = to-day.——rĤs érépas, the second day to-morrow. Socrates means of course the same days which Crito above calls τήμερον and αὔριον.- -ὀλίγον πρόTepov, a little while ago, of course after midnight; dreams before midnight the ancients deemed false.- -κινδυνεύεις = dokes in Attic writers. How it came to have that meaning, ɛce explained in Stallb. ad loc., and in the Lexicons.Kaip Tivi, quite opportunely. -έν Β. ἤματί κεν τριτάτω, κ.τ.λ. These are the words of Achil les declaring to Agamemnon his intention to return home to Phthia, and his expectation to arrive there on the third day. Hom. II. 9, 363. Socrates finds in them a beautiful accommodation to his own departure to his heavenly home. This dream 44 is not to be set down as a mere fiction of Plato. Besides the general truthfulness and trustworthiness of this dialogue, Socrates was a notorious dreamer of dreams or seer of visions, and a full believer in their divine significance. Moreover, he was a great reader and admirer of Homer. What, then, could be more natural or probable, than that his approaching departure to another world, which he talked of by day and meditated on by night, should present itself before him in his dreams and clothe itself in the familiar language of the Homeric Poems.vapyès, clear, i. e. easy to be understood.——μèv ovvimo vero, nay but. Arn. Gr. Pr. Comp. 373.--datpóvie is used as a form of address, in itself respectful, and in its own proper signification only respectful, yet sometimes applied in such a connection, and spoken in such a tone of irony or severity, that some lexicographers have erroneously concluded that it was in its nature a term of reproach, as well as of honor. Compare & μakáρie Kpiτwv below, and our My dear sir, My excellent fellow. Tɩ kai viv, yet even now, implies that Crito had previously plied Socrates with unavailing argu ments of the same kind.- οὐ μία, not one merely. Α1. οὐδε μία.—χωρὶς μὲν . . . ἔτι δὲ, besides in the first place sustaining the loss of an invaluable friend, I shall in the second place incur the reproach of many. The unusual concurrence of μèv and dẻ in the same proposition, sets forth strongly the twofold evil. The correction of Wolf, τοῦ ἐστερῆσθαι for σοῦ ἐστερῆσθαι οἱ the MSS. is with good reason adopted in all the recent editions. οὐδένα μή ποτε. This combination has the same emphasis of negation as où μn such as there is no reason to expect that I shall ever find.ὡς οἱός τ ̓ ὤν σε σώζειν. The ὡς belongs with the participle av, not, as Buttmann and some others have taken it, with the infinitive dueλñoa, and performs here the office which it usually performs with a participle, viz., of denoting the ground or supposition on which Crito would appear ... |