NOTES. I TIRED of listening to poetic recitations, Juvenal resolves to retaliate in kind, and waste ink and paper with the rest of the world (1-18). The corruption of the times leaves him no choice: if he is to write at all, he cannot but write satire (19-80). The whole of human life, its joys and sorrows, its business and pleasures, the theme of satire (81-86). Never did such open rampant vice provoke censure as in the Rome of to-day (87-150). If it be too hazardous to assail the living, the poet will try how far he may safely expose the crimes of the dead (150-171). This satire must have been published after A.D. 100, in which year Marius Priscus (47 seq.) was condemned. Cf. Hor. s. II 1. Pers. 1. AUDITOR= 1-6 Must I be always a passive listener to epics, comedies, elegies, and tragedies? Shall I never retort? 1 Lucian quom, histor. conscr. 4 'I myself too, that I might not be alone noiseless in so noisy a time, nor, like a mute in a comedy, go silently about with mouth agape, resolved to stir myself like the rest'. discipulus M. Sen. contr. 17 p. 106 1. 3. ib. Ix 25 p. 258 1. 6 ipse enim audivi Florum, quondam auditorem, dicentem non apud Latronem. neque enim illi mos erat quemquam audire declamantem; declamabat ipse tantum et aiebat se non esse magistrum, sed exemplum; nec ulli alii contigisse scio,. ... ut discipuli non audiri desiderarent, sed contenti essent audire. initio contumeliae causa a deridentibus discipuli Latronis auditores vocabantur; deinde in usu verbum esse coepit et promiscue poni pro discipulo auditor. hoc erat non patientiam suam sed eloquentiam vendere. REPONAM often, as here, to render evil for evil. Sen. de ira 1 3 § 2 dolorem. ibid. 11 28 § 5 iniuriam. id. Thyest. 1054 scelus. Quintil. decl. 345 contumeliam. Pers. v1 66 dicta paterna. Cic. ep. fam. 1 9 c. 6 Cur autem laudarim, peto a te, ut id a me neve in hoc reo neve in aliis requiras: ne tibi ego idem reponam, cum veneris. Properly to repay. Dryden Still shall I hear, and never quit the score? Sen. ep. 81 § 9 non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit. nullum enim nobis placuit, quod aeri alieno convenit verbum. id. de ben. IV 32 § 4. Cf. Plin. ep. 1 13 § 6 ne videar, quorum recitationibus adfui, non auditor fuisse, sed creditor. Used absolutely, as here, by Aug. c. Academ. I § 24 a quo te laqueo cum expedisses,.... ille tibi plane reposuit: nam occupavit praesidium tuum. 2 TOTIENS It was too long to be finished in one or two recitations. Plin. ep. I 18 § 4 (cited I 9 n.). ib. IV 5 § 2. VIII 21 § 4 per biduum. IV 27 § 1 tertius dies. RAUCI Cic. de or. 1 § 258. Mart. I 18. vi 41. Hor. s. I 4 66. THESEIDE 53 seq. Epic poems bearing this title are mentioned by Aristot. poet. 8 § 2, by Diog. Laert. II 59 and Plut. Thes. 28 (Welcker ep. Cyclus 1 321-2); for those of Diphilos, Pythostratos, Zopyros, see Bode hellen. Dichtk. 1 171, 404. For the form cf. Achilleis, Aeneis, Amazonis, Heracleis, Thebais. 3 IMPUNE Hor. ep. 1 19 40 ego nobilium scriptorum auditor et ultor. 11 2 103-5 multa fero, ut placem genus inritabile vatum, cum scribo et supplex populi suffragia capto: idem, finitis studiis et mente recepta,| obturem patulis impune legentibus aures. ib. 97. RECITAVERIT III 9 n.: for the tense Madvig opusc. alt. 87 compares Verg. Aen. Iv 591. IX 785. Shall it go for nothing that I have listened?' TOGATAS )( palliatas. The national comedy of Titinius (Seren. Samonic. 1046-7), Quintius Atta and L. Afranius (all B.c. 169 -79), in which the actors appear in the toga, and the manners of the lower classes of Rome (whence the name tabernariae) are represented; women play a more, slaves a less, prominent part than in the palliatae. Togatae were still acted under Claudius and Nero (Suet. Ner. 11. Plin. h. n. vII § 49), but flavoured with pantomime. The fragments have been collected by Neukirch, Lips. 1833, and in Ribbeck's fr. com. 115-188. See Mommsen's history and the literary histories of Teuffel § 17, Bähr or Bernhardy. Sen. ep. 8 § 8 non adtingam tragicos nec togatas nostras. habent enim hae quoque aliquid severitatis et sunt inter comoedias ac tragoedias mediae. Fronto ep. ad Antonin. II 2 p. 106 Naber vel comes ex comoediis [sententias arriperetis], vel urbanas ex togatis. Hor. ep. II 1 57 dicitur Afrani toga convenisse Menandro. id. a. p. 285-288. Quintil. x 1 §§ 99, 100. Manil. v 482. 4 ELEGOS Hor. c. 1 33 2 miserabiles. a. p. 77 exiguos. Pers. 1 51 siqua elegidia crudi dictarunt proceres. ib. 34. Plin. ep. v 17 § 2. vi 15. Mart. x 70 10 auditur toto saepe poeta die. Sen. ep. 122 § 11 Montanus Iulius was reciting a poem tolerabilis poeta et amicitia Tiberii notus et frigore. ortus et occasus libentissime inserebat. itaque cum indignaretur quidam illum toto die recitasse et negaret accedendum ad recitationes eius, Natta Pinarius ait: numquam possum liberalius agere: paratus sum illum audire ab ortu ad occasum.' INGENS lengthy. Mart. III 50. v 78 25. Sen. ep. 95 § 2 (below III 41 n.). In giant Telephus Iuv. may also allude to the stature of this son of Hercules. CONSUMPSERIT 5, 6 TELEPHUS ORESTES. Tragedies of the day by unknown authors. Telephus, the Mysian king, to whom Ov. rem. am. 48 vulneris auxilium Pelias hasta tulit, was the hero of tragedies by Ennius and Attius among the Romans; by Aeschylus, Sophokles, Euripides, Agathon, Kleophon, Moschion, and Iophon. Hor. a. p. 95-8. Orestes gave name to the extant tragedy of Euripides, and to others by the younger Euripides, by the younger Karkinos, and by Theodektes (Welcker griech. Trag. 1 1485, 1489). Lucil. ap. Prisc. x 53 rausuro tragicus qui carmina perdit Oreste. Verg. Aen. Iv 471 scenis agitatus Orestes. Pacuvius wrote a Dulorestes. PLENA Priscian cites this as an example of margo fem.; Neue Formenlehre 1 681 gives other exx. from Aemil. Macer, Rabir., Vitruv., Stat., Apul., Tert., Amm. cf. v. 78 saeva grandine. SUMMI etc. 'Written even on the back of the paper, the border to the very end Scribta would have been as correct: Suet. vit. Ter. 2 Eunuchus bis die daret in tergo pagina lecta modum. see Heinr. ORESTES Valer. Ruffin. (Hieronym. xI 337 Vall.) ne Oresten scripsisse videar, vale. 7-14 cf. 52 seq. 162 seq. The legends of the Argonauts and Centaurs are dinned in our ears at every turn. Poets, good and bad, still harp on this one string. 7 VII 232. Cic. ad Qu. fr. 11 § 45 cum iam tibi Asia, sicut unicuique sua domus, nota esse debeat. Lucian Toxar. 6 each of them would sooner forget his father's name, than be ignorant of the adventures of Orestes and Pylades.' Herod. vIII 35 § 3. cf. Mart. Iv 49 epigrams less trifling than stories of Tereus, Thyestes, Daedalus [Iuv. 1 54 n.], Polyphemus. Aug. conf. 1 §§ 20-27 e. g. tenere cogebar Aeneae nescio cuius errores, oblitus errorum meorum, et plorare Didonem mortuam, quia se occidit ob amorem, cum interea me ipsum in his a Te morientem, Deus vita mea, siccis oculis ferrem miserrimus. LUCUS MARTIS among the Colchi, where hung the golden fleece, guarded by a dragon (ver. 10. xiv 114. schol. Par. in Apoll. Rh. 11 404. Val. Fl. v 229, 250 seq., 629, 641. vII 519. Hygin. fab. 188). Even Hom. μ 70 calls the theme hackneyed 'Aрyw mâσi μéλovoa. Mart. XII 53 3-5 largiris nihil incubasque gazae, ut magnus draco, quem canunt poetae | custodem Scythici fuisse luci. Mythical geography and forest scenery were poetical common-places, as we see in Lucan. Hor. a. p. 16. Pers. 1 70 ponere lucum artifices. BUS Lucan v 609 Aeolii...saxi. The Aeoliae insulae, seven islands north of Sicily, called also Liparenses (now Lipari), from Lipara, the chief of them; and, from their volcanic formation, Vulcaniae. The most southern, Hiera or Thermessa, was regarded as the forge of Vulcan (Vulcani insula, now Vulcano; Prud. c. Symm. 1 305-8 Vulcanus regnare caminis fertur et Aeoliae summus faber esse vel Aetnae. Iuv. XIII 45 Liparaea taberna); Strongyle, the modern Stromboli, was the abode of cf. 8 AEOLIIS RUPI Aeolus (Plin. III §§ 93, 94. Solin. 6. Agathokles ap. schol. Apoll. Rh. IV 761. Apoll. ib. and 111 42. Val. Fl. I 579 seq. Heyne exc. 1 on Aen. 1). Verg. Aen. vIII 416-422 insula Sicanium iuxta latus Aeoliamque | erigitur Liparen, fumantibus ardua saxis, | quam subter specus et Cyclopum exesa caminis | antra Aetnaea tonant, validique incudibus ictus | auditi referunt gemitum, striduntque cavernis | stricturae Chalybum, et fornacibus ignis anhelat; | Vulcani domus et Vulcania nomine tellus. Iuv. still alludes to the Argonauts who visited Vulcan's forge and the isle of Aeolus; perhaps to the poem of Val. Fl., as Giampaolo Parisio (Janus Parrhasius +1534) maintained. ANTRUM VULCANI Val. Fl. 11 335-6 haec antra videtis Vulcanique' ait 'ecce domos.' 9 QUID AGANT VI 403 quid Seres, quid Thraces agant. The winds come naturally after their king Aeolus. Agere is the proper term to express their deliberation in Val. Fl. 1 574-608. 10 Val. Fl. 1 827 -849. AEACUS, Minos and Rhadamanthus were the judges of the dead. Torture (torqueat) might be applied by a iudex quaestionis; here wasted upon airy ghosts. See Heyne exc. xi on Aen. vr 431-3. ALIUS Iason, so alius again, x 257. Obs. the satirical furtivae and pelliculae diminutive, contemptuous for velleris. cf. 84 and VI 153 mercator Iason. As Iuv. here mocks the fable, others rationalised it. Varro r. r. II 1 § 6 makes the golden fleeced rams stolen by Iason and Thyestes (Attius ap. Cic. n. d. III § 68) to be so named propter caritatem, and others (Suid. dépas) found in the golden skin an alchymist's parchment, containing the mystery of gold-making. Ov. amor. 1 15 20, 21 of the Argonautica of Varro Atacinus Varronem primamque ratem quae nesciat aetas | aureaque Aesonio terga petita duci? 11 MONYCHUS the Homeric epithet of a horse used by Latin writers as the proper name of a man-horse. In the affray with the Lapithae this Centaur Ov. met. XII 510 insani deiectam viribus austri | forte trabem nactus validum coniecit in hostem, | exemplumque fuit. Lucan vi 385. Val. Fl. 1 146. On the syncope (μovwvvxos) see Lobeck paralip. 1 44 and Galen there. On the quantity L. Müller de re metr. 252. 12 FRONTONIS a rich patron, who lent his grounds for recitation, III 9 n. vII 40 n. Mart. IV 6 4,5 qui compositos metro Tibulli | in Stellae recitat domo libellos. Plin. ep. VIII 12 § 2 domum suam recitantibus praebet, speaking of Titinius Capito. M. Sen. suas. 6 § 27 Sextilius Ena... recitaturus in domo Messalae Corvini Pollionem Asinium advocaverat et in principio hunc versum non sine assensu recitavit: Deflendus Cicero est Latiaeque silentia linguae. Pollio Asinius non aequo animo tulit et ait: Messala, tu quid tibi liberum sit in domo tua videris: ego istum auditurus non sum cui mutus videor'; atque ita consurrexit. Niebuhr (Fronto xxxvII) identifies the Fronto of Iuv. with Fronto Catius, highly commended as an orator by Plin. ep. ir 11 § 3. IV 9 § 15. vI 13 § 3. From Front. ep. ad M. Caesar. 18 p. 23 Naber Horatius Flaccus memorabilis poeta, mihique propter Maecenatem et Maecenatianos hortos meos non alienus, cl. schol. h. 1. in Horatiana domo, in qua poetae recitabant, it appears that our Fronto was connected with the tutor of M. Aurelius. PLATANI a platanon before the auditorium. The plane (λarús from its broad leaves) was known to the Jews (Gen. 30 37. Ez. 31 8. ecclus. 24 19) and to Homer (8 307); one at Delphi, another in Arcadia, shewn as planted by Agamemnon (Theophr. h. pl. IV 13 § 2. Plin. XVI § 238). Xerxes halted his army for a day near one in Lydia, decked it with barbaric gold and appointed an immortal' to tend it (Herod. vII 31. Ael. v. h. II 14); the golden plane of the Persian kings is often named (Brisson. de regn. |