V

MEN of honour, Trebius, would choose beggary rather than such depend

ence as yours 1-11. For first, suppose your patron Virro, in order to fill a vacant place, has been pleased to invite you to his board: in so doing he has repaid you, he thinks, and more than repaid you, for whatever you may have suffered from broken sleep and from that exposure to the raw night air which the officium salutandi demands 12-23. But this dinner for which you pay so dear-what is it? Before you the worst wine is placed; if it gets into your head, Virro's freedmen are ready to pick a quarrel with you for his amusement: meanwhile the choicest Opimian Alban Setine wines are reserved for Virro 24-37. Virro's cups are jewelled, yours of cracked glass, or if a jewelled cup is set before you, a slave stands by to guard the treasure 37-48. You do not even drink the same water 49-52. On you an ill-favoured Moorish runner waits, on him a fair youth of Ionia, who would scorn to obey your orders 52-66. You must gnaw a crust of black mouldy bread; if you venture to touch Virro's loaf, the slaves are at hand to make you restore it 67-75. No wonder that you find it hard to bear a slave's abuse 76-79. Virro eats of the choicest lobster seasoned with oil of Venafrum: you, of a common crab, with rank lamp-oil 80-91. Virro of the most costly foreign fish, you of the poorest, fed on the garbage of the sewers 92-106. Here the poet, turning to Virro himself, rebukes his unsocial arrogance 107-113. Other dainties are set before Virro, and carved with the most exquisite skill of art; you must look quietly on, unless you wish to be turned out of doors 114-131. How different would be your reception, if you were a wealthy orbus 132-145. Virro eats of the choicest truffles and fruit, you of the poorest fungi and rotten apples 146–155. Do not imagine that it is to spare his purse that Virro treats you thus shabbily: no, it is to enjoy your mortification. You think yourself free and the guest of a king; he more justly thinks of you, and treats you, as a slave 156-173.

Enn. sat. 6 in Donat. ibid.

Cf. Plaut. capt. Ter. eun. 11 2. Phorm. II 2. II 2 25. Plin. ep. 11 6. Mart. 1 14. 69. 1 44. 60. 82. Iv 68. vi 11. VII 20. XII 48. Lucian Nigrin. 21 seq. Saturnal. 17. 21. 22. 28. 32. de merc. cond. esp. 26. Petron. 31. Ath. vi § 26 seq. [Quintil.] decl. 298. Epikt. man. 25. Sidon. ep. 1 13. Lucian de parasito is a mock vindication of the craft. G. Chapman has translated this satire.

1-11 If, says the poet to Trebius, you know no greater happiness than to dine at another's cost and for this are willing to bear any affront, you are so degraded, that even your oath cannot be trusted. Nature asks but little to support life; if this be wanting, it were better to beg in the streets, than court the notice of an insolent patron.

2 BONA SUMMA the chief good, Tò Téλos Lucian de paras. 7-12. 14.

ALIENA VIVERE QUADRA Plaut. capt. 77 of parasites quasi mures semper edimus alienum cibum. Ter. eun. 265 viden otium et cibus quid facit alienus? QUADRA Sen. de ben. IV 29 § 2 quis beneficium dixit quadram panis aut stipem aeris abiecti? Mart. Ix 91 17 libetur tibi candidas ad aras | secta plurima quadra de placenta. id. III 77 3. vi 75 1. XII 32 18 quadra casei. Verg. moret. 49 notat impressis aequo discrimine quadris. Ath. II p. 114 βλωμιαίους δὲ ἄρτους ὀνομάζεσθαι λέγει τοὺς ἔχοντας ἐντομάς, οὓς Ῥωμαῖοι κοδράτους λέγουσιν. Some fat round loaves, scored into four or eight parts, have been discovered at Herculaneum Marquardt v 2 30. 3 SI POTES ISTA PATI the same words in Mart. XI 23 15.

POTES Scheffer on Phaedr. 11 7 8. SARMENTUS schol. natione Tuscus, e domo Marci Favoni incertum libertus an servus, plurimis forma et urbanitate promeritis eo fiduciae venit, ut pro equite Romano ageret et decuriam quoque quaestoriam compararet. quare per ludos quibus primum xiv ordinibus sedit, haec a populo in eum dicta sunt aliud scriptum habet Sarmentus, aliud populus voluerat. | digna dignis: sic Sarmentus habeat crassas compedes. | rustici, ne nihil agatis, aliquis Sarmentum alliget.' He adds that Sarmentus, being accused of illegal assumption of the equestrian dignity, was acquitted as being a freedman of Maecenas, and that at last he came to great indigence: Horace s. 1 5 52 seq. describes the Sarmenti scurrae pugnam Messique Cicirri. Quintil. vI 3 § 58 Sarmentus, seu P. Blessus, Iunium, hominem nigrum et macrum et pandum, fibulam ferream dixit. Weichert, whom Orelli follows, distinguishes this scurra from the Sarmentus in Plut. Anton. 59 Tŵv Kaloapos παιγνίων παιδάριον. INIQUAS ill-sorted, where prince 4 GABBA Mart. 1 41 15.

and parasite feast together. x 101 Elysio redeat si forte remissus ab agro | ille suo felix Caesare Gabba vetus, qui Capitolinum pariter Gabbamque iocantes | audierit, dicet rustice Gabba, tace.' Friedländer 13 130. The best mss. read Gabba, others Galba, who may have been the A. Galba, whose jests Quintil. records vi 3 §§ 27. 62. 64. 66. cf. Plut. erotic. 16 §§ 22. 23 p. 760. schol. Vallae Appicius [A. Sulpicius, Jahn] Galba sub Tiberio scurra nobilis fuit. 5 IURATO formed like cenatus, adultus Madvig § 110 n. 3. 6 XIV 318 n. Sen. ep. 60 § 3. quantulum enim est, quod naturae datur? parvo illa dimittitur. non fames nobis ventris nostri magno constat, sed ambitio. ib. § 2. ib. 21 fin. 110 fin. 114 fin. 7 seq. Lucian de merc. cond. 24

οὕτως ἀπορία μὲν σε θέρμων ἔσχεν ἢ τῶν ἀγρίων λαχάνων, ἐπέλιπον δὲ καὶ αἱ κρῆναι ῥέουσαι τοῦ ψυχροῦ ὕδατος, ὡς ἐπὶ ταῦτά σε ὑπ' ἀμηχανίας ἐλθεῖν ;

PUTA II 153. Heind. on Hor. s. 11 5 32. priap. 37 6.

Hand IV 627-9. 8 CREPIDO X 277 n. Petron. 9 vidi Gitona in crepidine semitae stantem. VM. Iv 3 § 4 in crepidine collocatus [Diogenes]. Orelli inscr. 3844 viam cum crepidinibus a quadrivio ad murum straverunt. The footpaths, such as are still to be seen at Pompeii, were stands for beggars, as were the bridges iv 116. xiv 134 n. M. Sen. cited on x 277. TEGETIS VI 117. vir 221. Ix 139-140 quando ego figam aliquid, quo sit mihi tuta senectus | a tegete et baculo? from the beggar's mat and staff. Naevius tunicular. fr. 2 Bothe Theodorum appelles, qui aris compitalibus | sedens in cella circumtecta tegetibus. Mart. vI 39 4. Ix 93 3 to a slave dat tibi securos vilis tegeticula somnos. XI 32 2 de bibula sarta palude teges. x1 56 5. The materials of which these mats were woven are enumerated by Varro r. r. 1 22 § 1 cannabis, linum, iuncus, palma, scirpus. cf. Plin. xvi 70 (37) and XXI 69 (18) where he specifies the mariscus, a sort of rush.

6

9 TANTINE INIURIA CENAE Holyday 'dost thou so prize another's flout and bread?' Tert. apol. 39 cited 161 n. Plin. pan. 49 § 6. id. ep. 11 6 § 3 dining with one who had different fare for the different classes of his guests he was asked if he approved the plan: negavi. tu ergo' inquit quam consuetudinem sequeris?' eadem omnibus pono: ad cenam enim, non ad notam invito cunctisque rebus exaequo, quos mensa et toro aequavi.' Sen. ep. 4 § 8 ut famem sitimque depellas, non est necesse superbis assidere liminibus, nec supercilium grave et contumeliosam etiam humanitatem pati. ib. 84 § 12 intueris illas potentium domos, illa tumultuosa rixa salutantium limina? multum habent contumeliarum ut intres, plus cum intraveris. [Quintil.] decl. 298 p. 575 hoc novum est et inauditum contumelias in quaestu habere et iniuria pasci. paneg. in Pison. 103 seq. of clients nulla superborum patiuntur dicta iocorum, nullius subitos affert iniuria risus. [ .... rara domus tenuem non aspernatur amicum, | rara que non humilem calcat fastosa clientem. | illic, casta licet mens et sine crimine constet | vita, tamen probitas cum paupertate iacebit. | none seeks an honest adviser, sed miserum parva stipe munerat, ut pudibundos | exercere sales inter convivia possit. Lucian de merc. cond. 13 seq. id. Nigrin. 22 the parasites return home ἢ διαβάλλοντες τὸ δεῖπνον ἢ ὕβριν καὶ μικρολοyiav eykaλoûνTES. On the gen. epexegetic iniuria cenae see Cic. Phil. II 78 1. 18 n. Capitol. Ver. imp. 5 even says animalia avium.

10though you might with less dishonour stand shivering and gnawing a crust of bread illic, on the pons or the crepido.'

IEIUNA FAMES Ov. m. vIII 792. Aesch. ch. 248 vĥotis λiμós.

11 TREMERE VI 543 Iudaea tremens mendicat.

SORDES Nero in his last extremity refused Suet. 48 panem sordidum. FARRIS CANINI Mart. x 5 3 seq. cited on Iv 116. Dogs were fed on barley bread, Varr. r. r. 11 9 § 10. The dogs in Phaedrus complain to Iuppiter Iv 17 3-4 'ut sese eriperet hominum contumeliis,| furfuribus sibi conspersum quod panem darent.' Among the Greeks the pieces of bread on which the guests wiped their hands were thrown to them Aristoph. eq. 415 dжоμаydaλíaı. Becker Charikles 11 431. cf. St Matt. xv 27. Philostr. Apoll. I 19 § 3. Mart. vII 20 17. On prandium caninum see Gell. XIII 31 §§ 12-16.

12 PRIMO FIGE LOCO Quintil. v 12 § 14 primone ponenda sint loco. DISCUMBERE not found in this.

FIGE i. q. pone.

sense in Plaut. or Ter. See lexx. Petron. 31.

IUSSUS Verg. Aen. 1 708 toris iussi discumbere pictis. 'invited.'

13 SOLIDAM payment in full. Lucian Nigrin. 22 yépas dè tîs πIKρÂS TAÚTIS αὐτοῖς περιόδου τὸ φορτικὸν ἐκεῖνο δεῖπνον καὶ πολλῶν αἴτιον συμφορῶν. VETERUM I 132 n. OFFICIORUM III 126 n.

14 AMICITIAE MAGNAE I 33 n.

INPUTAT 'makes a merit of,'' claims gratitude for;' properly, charges to your account:" VI 179. Mart. XII 48 13 inputet ipse deus nectar mihi, fiet acetum. Sen. de ben. 1 4 § 3 hi [givers] docendi sunt nihil inputare: illi [receivers] plus debere. ib. 11 15 § 2 qui quod dedit, inputat, gratiam destruit. id. de brev. vit. 3. Med. 234. M. Sen. suasor. 3 § 9. contr. 13 passim. 27 § 6. 30 p. 303 8. Phaedr. 1 22 8. Stat. s. 11 7 30. Plin. ep. VIII 21 § 4. pan. 20 § 2. 24 § 3. 39 § 3. 59 § 3. 71 § 2. Mart. x 30 26. Bötticher lex. Tac. Gataker on Antonin. v § 6. Wetst. on Rom. IV 3. id. on James 1 5. Casaubon on Suet. Tib. 53. Ner. 36. Luc. VIII 567. The word was not used in this sense in the Augustan age.

REX 161 n. 15 seq. Ammian. xiv 6 § 14 intervallata temporibus convivia etc. id. XXVIII 4 § 17 expedit peregrino fratrem interficere cuiuslibet, quam cum rogatus sit ad convivium excusare: defectum enim patrimonii se oppido perpeti senator existimat, si is defuerit, quem aliquotiens libratis sententiis invitaverit semel. Mart. VII 20 3.

...

16 LIBUIT Some left it to their slaves to arrange invitations Sen. ep. 47 § 8 alius, cui convivarum censura permissa est, perstat infelix et exspectat, quos adulatio et intemperantia aut gulae aut linguae revocet in crastinum. ADHIBERE II 135. Nep. pr. § 7. Aen. v 63. Hor. c. IV 5 32. Plin. ep. 1 5 § 4. Quintil. xr 2 § 12. Iust. VII 3. Lact. vI 12. 17 III 82. Mart. x 48 5-6 Stella, Nepos, Cani, Cerealis, Flacce, venitis? | septem sigma capit, sex sumus, adde Lupum. Lucian Gall. 9 τύχῃ τινὶ ἀγαθῇ ἐντυγχάνω χθὲς τῷ Εὐκράτει, καὶ ἐγὼ μὲν προσειπὼν αὐτὸν ὥσπερ εἰώθειν δεσπότην ἀπηλλαττόμην, . . . ὁ δέ ‘Μίκυλλε φησί ' θυγατρὸς τήμερον ἑστιῶ γενέθλια καὶ παρεκάλεσα τῶν φίλων μάλα πολλούς· ἐπεὶ δέ τινά φασιν αὐτῶν μαλακῶς ἔχοντα οὐχ οἷόν τε είναι ξυνδειπνεῖν μεθ ̓ ἡμῶν, σὺ ἀντ ̓ ἐκείνου ἧκε λουσάμενος. ἦν μὴ ὅ γε κληθεὶς αὖθις εἴπῃ ἀφίξεσθαι, ὡς νῦν γε ἀμφίβολός OT.' cf. ib. 10. 11. Hor. ep. 1 5 28. Of the three couches in a triclinium the summus lay to the left, and the imus to the right of the medius. The medius lectus was the most honourable post, then the summus, lastly the imus. Hor. s. 11 8 40 imi convivae lecti. It was not usual for more than three to recline on each couch ib. 1 4 86. Between the guests were placed pillows (culcitae, Varr. 1. 1. v § 167 quod in eas acus aut tomentum aliudve quid calcabant, ab inculcando culcita dicta), on which they rested their left elbows Becker Gallus II 204 seq. 18 UNA SIMUS Ter. haut. 1 1 110 Ruhnken hodie apud me sis volo. Cic. p. Cluent. § 175 where simul esse also is similarly used. VOTORUM SUMMA I 133. Plin. ep. vir 26 § 3 haec summa curarum, summa votorum. Mart. II 19. 19 76. I 128 n. In 127 n. Plin. ep. III 12 § 2 officia antelucana. Mart. 111 36 3 seq. horridus ut primo semper te mane salutem, | per mediumque trahat me tua sella lutum : ... hoc per triginta merui, Fabiane, Decembres? Luc. de merc. cond. 10 woλîs μèv τῆς διαδρομῆς [δεῖ], συνεχοῦς δὲ τῆς θυραυλίας, ἕωθέν τε ἐξανιστάμενον περιμένειν ὠθούμενον καὶ ἀποκλειόμενον καὶ ἀναίσχυντον ἐνίοτε καὶ ὀχληρὸν δοκοῦντα ὑπὸ θυρωρῷ κακῶς Συρίζοντι καὶ ὀνομακλήτορι Λιβυκῷ ταττόμενον. ib. 24 ἕωθέν τε ὑπὸ κώδωνι ἐξαναστὰς ἀποσεισάμενος τοῦ ὕπνου

τὸ ἥδιστον συμπεριθεῖς ἄνω καὶ κάτω, ἔτι τὸν χθιζὸν ἔχων πηλὸν ἐπὶ τοῖν σκελοῖν. id. Nigrin. 22 πολὺ δὲ τούτων οἱ προσιόντες αὐτοὶ καὶ θεραπεύοντες γελοιότεροι, νυκτὸς μὲν ἐξανιστάμενοι μέσης, περιθέοντες δὲ ἐν κύκλῳ τὴν πόλιν καὶ πρὸς τῶν οἰκετῶν ἀποκλειόμενοι, κύνες καὶ κόλακες καὶ τὰ TOLAÛтa ȧкOVEL VπоμÉVOVтES. Columell. r. r. 1 pr. §§ 9. 10. Manil. v 64-6. Marquardt v 1 265. Tert. paenit. 11 illos qui ambitu obeunt capessendi magistratus, neque pudet neque piget incommodis animae et corporis, nec incommodis tantum, verum et contumeliis omnibus eniti in causa votorum suorum. quas non ignobilitates vestium affectant? quae non atria nocturnis et crudis salutationibus occupant? Cypr. ep. 1 § 11. RUMPERE SOMNUM VI 416. Mart.

....

1 50 35. Iv 61 21. xiv 125 cited on 1 127. Obbar on Hor. ep. 1 10 18. Sen. de brev. vit. 14 § 1 illis miseris somnum suum rumpentibus, ut alienum exspectent. 20 LIGULAS schol. cum festinatione et ansas caligarum practereant nonnullas: dictae autem ligulae a ligando. The word was pronounced lingula by grammarians Mart. XIV 120 where a kind of spoon is meant. id. 11 29 7 non hesterna sedet lunata lingula planta. cf. Poll. 11 109 yλwrras τῶν ὑποδημáτwv. Paul. Diac. p. 116 M lingula a similitudine linguae exsertae, ut in calceis. DIMITTERE to leave unfastened. SOLLICITUS Machon in Ath. p. 243 Diphilus recommended Chaerephon whom he met hurrying to a marriage-feast to drive four nails into each cheek ἵνα μὴ παρασείων καὶ μακρὰν ἑκάστοτε | ὁδὸν βαδίζων τὰς γνάθους διαστρέφης. 21 alarmed lest his rivals should already have gone the round of their patrons. Arator II 1090 cumque dies multos iam rite peregerit orbis. 22 DUBIIS fading from sight. 23 FRIGIDA Bootes being a northern constellation Cic. n. d. 11 § 109 septem autem triones sequitur Arctophylax, vulgo qui dicitur esse Bootes, | quod quasi temone adiunctam prae se quatit Arcton.' The time intended is Stat. Th. 111 683 seq. iam nocte suprema ante novos ortus, ubi sola superstite plaustro | Arctos ad Oceanum fugientibus invidet astris. VFl. vII 457 Heins.

PIGRI Mart. VIII 21 3 placidi numquid te pigra Bootae | plaustra vehunt? Ov. f. 111. 405. m. 11 176-7. Prop. = 33 24. iv=III 5 35 Burm. and Broukh. Sen. Med. 314. Claud. rapt. Pros. 11 190 praecipitat pigrum formido Booten. SERRACA III 255. Rich companion gives a cut of what he supposes to be a serracum. 24 seq. 32 n. 116 n. 146 n. Lucian Saturnal. 17 οἴνου τοῦ αὐτοῦ πίνειν ἅπαντας. ib. 22 καὶ τὸν οἶνον δὲ αὐτὸν πᾶσι τοῖς συμπόταις ἕνα καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν εἶναι. ἢ ποῦ γὰρ γεγράφθαι τοῦτον τὸν νόμον, τὸν μὲν ἀνθοσμίου μεθύσ κεσθαι, ἐμοὶ δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ γλεύκους διαρρήγνυσθαι τὴν γαστέρα; ib. 32 εἰ δέ ποτε κακείνων τινὰς ἑστιῶν διὰ μακροῦ [Iuv. 15] ἐθελήσαιτε, πλέον τοῦ εὐφραίνοντος ἐνεῖναι τὸ ἀνιαρὸν τῷ δείπνῳ, καὶ τὰ πολλὰ ἐφ' ύβρει [Iuv.9] αὐτῶν γίγνεσθαι, οἷον ἐκεῖνο τὸ μὴ τοῦ αὐτοῦ οἴνου συμπίνειν, ΗράKλELS, ŵs äveλeú0 epov. Plin. XIV 14 (13) Cato, cum in Hispaniam navigaret, unde cum triumpho rediit, 'non aliud' inquit 'vinum bibi, quam remiges.' in tantum dissimiles istis, qui etiam convivis alia quam sibimetipsis ministrant. Plin. ep. 11 6 §§ 2. 3 (cf. n. on 7) sibi et paucis optima quaedam, ceteris vilia et minuta ponebat. vinum etiam parvis lagunculis in tria genera descripserat, non ut potestas eligendi, sed ne ius esset recusandi, et aliud sibi et nobis, aliud minoribus amicis (nam gradatim amicos habet), aliud suis nostrisque libertis. Mart. 111 82 22 seq. IV 85 cited 37 n. VI 11 2 cited 67 n. Petron. 31 vinum dominicum ministratoris gratia