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it is delivered by the rollers. The twist is given by the motion of the frame o, 0, 0, which is carried round, together with the traversing pulley m, by the operation of the pulley p, as before described. The traversing is effected by means of the pulley r, which conducts the yarn or roving to the bobbin, and is moved up and down by the rod 1,, which passes through and revolves with the spindle a, a, and is acted upon by a heart, or by any of the usual mechanical means for producing a traversing motion.

Fig. 6, represents another mode of applying our improved gear spindle to the operation of spinning; a, a, is a shaft or spindle, on the top of which a worm or screw c, fixed fast to the frame q, is placed, and round which the frame o, o, revolves; by this means the screw c, moves the pinion b, on the shaft c; a worm or screw d, on the shaft c, moves the pinion h, on the bobbin axis i, i; k, is the bobbin; m, is a pulley at the top of the traversing shaft n, which passes through a tube in the gear spindle a, a, and is moved up and down by a traversing motion, to be produced in any of the usual modes; o, o, represents a part of the frame which supports the bobbin and gearing; q, q, represents part of the wooden frame of the machine; p, is the pulley to which the moving power is applied.

The method by which this application of our improved gear spindle is put in motion, is nearly similar to that described with reference to fig. 5; the moving power applied to the pulley p, moves the spindle a, a, and the frame o, o, round the stationary screw c, and which puts in motion the gearing, by which the speed of the bobbin is adjusted to take up the yarn as it is produced by the operation of spinning; the yarn or thread receives its twist from the motion communicated to the frame o, o, by the screw c, moved by the spindle a, a, and in this arrangement the fibrous material descends from the drawing head to the guide pulley m, where it is twisted and conducted to the bobbin, on which it is regularly wrapped or coiled by the operation of the usual traversing motion.

Figure 7, represents an improved roving spindle, regulated and adjusted by the application of conical surfaces, to take up with the required regularity; a, represents an axis or shaft on which the pulleys p, p, are fixed; the shaft a, works in a step b; c, c, is a piece of frame

supported by columns, as seen in the drawing; d, is a piece of brass or other suitable material turned to a conical surface, and fixed fast on the cross frame or plate c. The frame e, e, e, placed loosely on the top of the axis, revolves freely on the tube g; h, is a bobbin; i, is a conical wheel made of brass or other material, adapted in its diameter to suit the speed of the bobbin; the eonical wheel i, is fixed on the axis k, which passes through the frame e, e, e, and forms an axis for the bobbin h; n, is a spring, by which the pressure of the conical wheel i, against the cone d, is regulated; m, is a nut operating on the end of the axis k, which is formed into a screw, and this nut presses upwards against the conical pulley to regulate its position on the shaft k; s, s, is a lever, by means of which the axis or pin q, is elevated or depressed to facilitate the change of the bobbin; r, is a traversing rod, which is caused to be moved up and down by any of the ordinary means for producing traversing motion; t, is a pulley, at the top of the traversing rod, to receive the roving from the tube g, which conducts the roving to the bobbin h; w, w, represent a frame of wood, which may be of any construction adapted to receive the conically adjusted spindle; v, is a collar to support the tube g.

In this our improved roving spindle for regulating the speed so as to take up with the required regularity by the adjustment of conical surfaces, the moving power is applied to one of the pulleys p, p, which moves the frame e, e, e, round the stationary cone d; the conical wheel i, is moved by being pressed against the fixed cone d, which moves the bobbin h, at the required speed, so as to take up the roving as it is delivered from the drawing head. The twist is given by the motion of the frame e, e, e, which revolves freely on the axis a, and the tube g, which tube conducts the roving to the pulley t, and the bobbin h. Any convenient number of these conically adjusted spindles may be placed in a roving machine, and put in motion by the machinery usually employed.

In this improved roving spindle, we claim as our invention the described arrangement of machinery, by which the adjustment of the speed of the bobbin, so as to take up with the required regularity, is effected by means of conical surfaces applied to each individual spindle.

VOL. VIII. SECOND SERIES.

I

Fig. 8, and fig. 8 A, represent our further improved machinery for spinning fine yarns: in each figure the same letters indicate the same things; a, a, is a fixed axis, to be firmly screwed to the frame b; p, is a pulley, fixed on the tube g, which tube is fixed to the frame d, d, e, e, is a frame placed within the frame d, d, to support the shaft n, and the shaft and pulley h; c, is a screw or worm on the top of the axis a, round which the frame d, d, moves, taking into and moving the pinion o; i, is a pinion on the shaft r, which works the wheel k, on the pulley shaft h; 1, l, is a piece of cloth or silk fitted to the pulley h, and the pully m; q, q, are pins fixed in the cloth 7, 7, which pass through holes seen in the drawing, and the longitudinal spaces shewn in the pulley m; t, t, is a tube for the yarn to pass through, as it descends to the cloth bobbin l, l; v, is a piece of frame, which may be extended to receive any number of these our improved spindles and bobbins.

In this our improvement in the application of the 'gear spindle, and the cloth bobbin, the power is applied to the pulley p, which moves the frame d, d, round the stationary screw c, and this screw acting upon the pinion o, moves the shaft r; the pinion i, on the shaft r, acting on the wheel k, moves the pulleys h, and m, which gave motion to the cloth bobbin l, l, the pins q, q, being fastened to the cloth bobbin, project and take into the open pulley m, by which means a regular and steady motion of the bobbin is secured, and the pins projecting upwards from the cloth bobbin, form a protection to the yarn, to keep it in place during the operation of spinning.

As the yarn is spun, it descends from the drawing head through the tube t, where it is twisted and passes on to the cloth bobbin 7, 7, which has a distinct and separate motion adjusted, to ensure a regular take up of the yarn; this is effected as in our improved gear spindle, by the arrangement and proper adaption of the gear to produce the rate of speed required; n, n, n, represents a frame of iron, constructed to support on their axles the pullies m, and h, over which the flexible sheet e, e, is tightly suspended; z, is an iron pin, which supports and forms the axis of the pulley h, and which axis being moveable, the successive changes of the flexible sheet and pullies is effected. The frame n, n, n, is fixed into the frame e, at

the top by the pivots y, y, and the frame n, n, n, is enlarged at the centre w, to admit of its being suspended on a shaft when taken out of the machine, convenient for reeling or winding off the yarn or thread.

In this our further improved machinery, we claim as our invention, the application of a cloth bobbin, or flexible sheet, for the purpose of receiving the yarn, by means of which the measure of tension consequent upon the filling of the bobbin, in the usual modes of spinning, is rendered trifling, and we claim the described arrangement of machinery for effecting that purpose.

Fig. 9, represents our improved machinery for doubling and twisting cotton, silk, flax, worsted or woollen yarns, or threads; a, a, is a bobbin, placed loosely on the pivots or axis b, b, and on which bobbin has been placed by winding the silk or yarn intended for the operation of doubling; s, is a spring, to keep the bobbin in its proper place, and to facilitate the change; c, c, c, is a frame, in which the bobbin pivots are placed, and which frame is fixed on the tubular spindle d, d, to which the pulley p, is also fixed; the tubular shaft d, d, is moveable on bearings, placed on the carriage or peak e, e, which is screwed to a frame of wood by the screw ƒ, f, f,f; t, t, is a tube, through which the yarn or thread descends to be twisted; g, is a screw, fixed to the carriage e, e, round which the pinion h, revolves; the frame i, i, i, supports the pinion shaft k, k, the pinions h, and l, also the wheel m, and the shaft n, n, on which the measuring pulley o, is fixed; q, is a guiding eye of wire, to receive or conduct the silk or thread to a doubling spindle constructed in the usual way.

In this our improved doubling machine, the power is applied to the pulley p, which puts in motion the tubular shaft d, d, which shaft moves the frame c, c, c, and the frame i, i, i, i, round the stationary screw g, which moves the pinions h, and l, the wheel m, and the shaft n; in thus giving a distinct motion to the measuring pulley o, and round which the silk or thread makes one turn or fold, so that an exact quantity or length of silk or yarn shall be drawn off the bobbin a, a, so as to receive any required number of turns or given quantity of twist in a given length, the amount of the twist being regulated by the action of the measuring pulley o, from which it passes to the guide wire q, and from the guide q, to a guiding eye with a moveable centre part, perforated with two or three

tubular holes, through which the several silks or yarns pass, previous to their being united in one thread, by the operation of a doubling and twisting spindle of the usual

construction.

Two or three of these our improved measuring and twisting spindles may be employed at the same time, according to the article required, each measuring and giving an exact twist to their several silks or yarns, which yarns will all unite after passing the guiding eye, and twist into the article required by the usual doubling spindle any convenient number of these our measuring spindles may be employed in one machine, and they will be found to produce a superior article in silk, and other threads requiring the process of uniform doubling and twisting.

In this our improved machinery for doubling and twisting, we claim as our invention, the application of a distinct measuring roller to each individual spindle, by the described arrangement of machinery, for the purpose of giving twist to the single yarns, previous to their being united together into threads or silks.

Figure 10, is another mode of applying our improved machinery for doubling and twisting; b, b, b, is a frame to support the bobbin, and is fixed to the tubular shaft c, c, c, c; d, is a screw, placed on the tube shaft c, c, but fixed to the frame f; e, e, e, is a frame of brass, screwed to the end of the tubular shaft c, c, and this frame supports the shaft g, and h, and also the pinion and wheel i, and k, together, with the measuring pulley m; p, is a pulley on the shaft c, c, by means of which the whole is moved ; ffff, represent pieces of a wood frame, on which any required number of these our improved measuring and twisting spindles may be placed or fixed in their bearings; t, t, is a tube, through which the silk or yarn passes to the measuring pulley m.

This our improved twisting and doubling machine is moved by the application of power to the pulley p, which moves the tubular shaft c, c, c, to which the frame b, b, and the frame e, e, e, are fixed; the bobbin a, moves with the frame b, and the frame e, e, e, moves round the fixed screw d, which moves simultaneously the pinion i, the shaft of the wheel k, the shaft h, and the pulley m; the silk or yarn is wrapped on the bobbin a, and passes down the tube t, t, to the measuring pulley m, by which it is

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