produce a sufficient retardation of the speed of the flyer, by the application of friction, as before described, by which means the flyer, when in motion, will adapt itself to the exact speed required. This our improvement is applicable to any series of spindles, which may, without any material alteration of the other parts of the machine, be placed in any throstle or water frame, of the usual construction for spinning cotton; or any of the machines for spinning worsted or woollen yarn, flax or silk, may be adapted to receive our improved arrangement of the spindle and flyer, with but little trouble or expense.

Figure 2 a, represents a fixed spindle of iron or other suitable material, which passes through the bobbin 6, and the tube t, to which the bobbin is fixed; d, d, represents a collar attached to the pulley g; e, represents a thin plate of iron, screwed to the traversing bar v, v, and connected to the frame f, f, by which the bobbin is moved up and down in any of the usual modes for regularly filling during the operation; f,f, is a wood frame, in which the spindle h, may be fixed or inserted, and screwed firmly by the nut n,; c, c, c, is a flyer, as in fig. 1; s, is a spring on the top of the spindle a, which is formed into a screw at the top, and which spring being pressed by the nut m, on the collar of the flyer, the motion of the flyer will be retarded in the proportion required, which retardation will be increased or diminished by the action of the In this, our improved arrangement of the spindle and flyer, we claim as our invention, the application of a flyer fitted loosely upon a spindle, and arranged in such manner as to admit of the application of friction by the action of springs or otherwise, to govern the speed of the flyer according to the degree of tension required for regularly filling the bobbin, which is adapted to and revolves with the spindle. Fig. 3, and figs. 3 A, and 3 B, represent an improved apparatus for spinning cotton or other fibrous material, and which we term a centrifugal spindle. Fig. 3, represents a centrifugal spindle, adapted to spin coarse yarns or threads; and fig. 3 A, represents the same arrangement, but adapted to spin finer yarns or threads in each figure the same letters represent the same things

nut m.

:

Figure 3 A, f, f, f, f, represent a frame made of any convenient substance, having a whirl or pulley fixed to it ath, for the purpose of carryingthe frame by the action of

a band round the spindle a, a, which is fastened to a wooden frame; on the top of the spindle is fixed a wheel, bevelled round the circumference with a bevel corresponding with that of the wheel c, which is also bevelled and is firmly fixed to the arbor d, at d, having a pivot at either end of the arbor of sufficient length to allow it to play endwise in the frame, so as to allow the two bevel wheels to come in contact when in action; the arbor is destined to carry the bobbin e, e, e, to be made of wood or other proper material, which should fit loosely on the arbor; w, is a nut screwed up to a shoulder on the arbor D, having end play of the bobbin, which is not to be confined on the arbor; this nut w, serves also as a governor, according to its weight when screwed on the arbor d; that is to say, when the arbor carrying the bobbin e, and wheel c, is suspended on a perpendicular spindle, the nut end of the arbor should have a bias weight of a few grains; when thus adjusted, if the frame be made to revolve, the centrifugal tendency of the nut end of the arbor will bring the bevel wheel in contact with the wheel b, by which means the bevel wheel c, will be made to revolve on its axis round the fixed bevel wheel b; the bobbin e, is held on the arbor d, by the friction against the nut w, caused by a slender spring l, and when in action, the bobbin will be carried round with the arbor and wheel c, unless the tension of the twisting article should be enough to overcome the friction against the nut w, caused by the spring 7; in this case the spring 7, will require to be set stronger, which may be done by a screw at m, passing through the wheel c, and acting against the spring ; the slender spring at n, (which acts against the end of the arbor, as seen at d, fig. 3 A), is to check the recoil, which a sudden stop of the twisting motion would cause from the collapse of the centrifugal force, thereby throwing the bobbin off its taking up action. The spring n, should be only of strength sufficient to keep the bevel wheels in contact whilst out of action, which will prevent the recoil; o, o, as seen in the fig. 3 A, are the profiles of two pins of flat metal, fixed to the frame f,f; these are designed to act as preventors when a break down of the yarn occurs; to keep the end of the yarn from being gathered round the pivot of the arbor, which if allowed, would obstruct the free action of the power of the centrifugal force against the bevel wheel c.

The springs r, r, as seen at fig. 3 A, are to keep the pivots of the arbor in their respective places in the arms of the frame; the holes for these pivots are cut in the direction denoted in fig. 3 B, for the purpose of putting in and taking out the arbor with the bobbin; the profile of one of these springs r, is seen in fig. 3 B; the centre of the spindle a, is to be placed perpendicularly under the delivery of the line, which is to be taken up at a distance, according to the length of the bobbin; the size of the bobbin in drawing, requires about seven inches; the taking up will be assisted in its distribution on the bobbin by the rod t, as seen in fig. 3 A, and which rod t, is held at each end by the arms of the frame, and does not run parallel with the arbor on which the bobbin turns, but it is to form an angle across, according to the twist given to the article; if it be fine yarn (see fig. 3 B), the arms f, f, are to be bent to the right, as in the dotted lines, which shew how much they are to be removed from the perpendicular. If thread is the article to be taken up, the arms of the frame f, f, must be bent towards the other side of the perpendicular line, the angle of the rod from the parallel of the bobbin axis will prevent the twist given to the article, from causing it to ride on the last turn taken up on the bobbin. In this our application of the centrifugal spindle, to the purpose of spinning fibrous material, we claim as our invention, so much of the arrangement of machinery herein described, for the purpose of spinning or twisting, as admits of and gives effect to the application of the centrifugal force, for the purpose of taking up yarn or other twisted article, while the operation of spinning or twisting proceeds.

Fig. 4, and fig. 4 A, represent a further improvement in spinning machinery, which we term a gear spindle, and by which we are enabled to spin the finest yarns with more certainty and effect.

Figure 4, represents a front view, and fig. 4 A, represents a side view of an improved gear spindle; and the same letters in each figure represent the same things, but seen in a different position; a, a, is a spindle, supported by the bearings marked b, b, which are firmly screwed to a wooden frame; c, is a screw, accurately cut and placed on the top of the spindle a, but fixed to the bearing b, and which screw takes into and moves the pinion d, cut with concave inclined teeth, to match the screw thus moving

the shaft e, which forms the axis of the pinion d; g, is a pin toothed wheel on the end of the axis e, which takes into, and moves another pin toothed wheel i, on the end of the axis h; a screw k, is cut on the other end of the axis h, which takes into and moves two angle toothed wheels n, n, fixed on the socket x, at the end of the bobbin axis l, l, and which axis has a square end to fit the socket, for the purpose of effecting the change of the bobbin; the screw k, on the end of the shaft h, is made to act upon the angle toothed wheels n, n, by the frame e, being reduced at the bearing to permit the contact of the screw with the wheels, and the socket x, is kept in its bearings by the position of the screw k.

On the shaft h, m, is a bobbin made of wood or other suitable material; o, o, are friction bosses to adjust the friction against the bobbin; s, is a spring to keep the axis of the bobbin in its proper place; f,f,f, is a frame, which we call the bobbin frame, made of brass, to support the axis of the bobbin 7, l, which frame is fixed to the top of the spindle a, a, and supports also the pin wheel shaft h; the lower part of the frame f, f, is enlarged on the side opposite the shaft e, e; to balance that shaft, and the shaft h, with the supporting frame p, is a pulley on the spindle a, by means of which the whole machinery is put in motion; s, is a screw to keep the spindle a, a, in its proper position. In this our improved gear spindle, the moving power is applied to the pulley p, which acting on the spindle a, a, moves the frame f,f, round the stationary screw c, placed on the top of the spindle a, and which by acting upon the pinion d, moves the shaft e, and the pin toothed wheels g, and i, and with the latter the shaft h, and the screw k, and this screw moves the angle toothed wheels n, n, on the socket of the bobbin axis 7, 7, by which means a motion of the bobbin is produced distinct from that of the spindle a, a, and the motion of the bobbin thus produced may, by properly adapting the gearing, be so adjusted as to insure a regular and uniform taking up, or coiling of the yarn or thread upon it, as the operation of spinning proceeds.

In this our improvement a traversing movement is not required, the action or whirl of the bobbin being sufficient to insure a uniform filling of the same. This our improved gear spindle may be placed horizontally, perpendicularly, or at any angle with the rollers, but we prefer

placing it at an angle of 45o, under which arrangement it receives directly the fibrous material, drawn to its proper substance by the rollers of the drawing head, and which is twisted and coiled on the bobbin with uniform regularity.

This our improved gear spindle is particularly adapted to spin fine yarns of the most delicate texture, greatly superior in evenness and strength to the mule, the machine usually employed to spin fine numbers, and any convenient number of our improved gear spindles may be placed in a machine; they will occupy but little space, and may be put in motion by any convenient arrangement adapted to secure a uniform speed in each of the spindles. In this our improved gear spindle, we claim as our invention the above described arrangement of machinery or gearing, by which we produce a motion or speed in the bobbin different from that of the spindle, and so adjusted as to take up the yarn or thread as it is delivered and twisted during the operation of spinning.

Fig. 5, represents our improved gear spindle, as applied to roving or spinning cotton, flax, or wool, or other fibrous substances; a, a, is a shaft or spindle, on the top of which is placed a worm or screw b, fixed fast to the frame q'; the frame o, o, which revolves round the screw, takes into and moves the pinion c, on the shaft d, d; a screw or worm e, on the shaft d, takes into and moves the pinion g, on the bobbin axis h; i, i, is a roving bobbin, which is moved by its axis h, on the pivot n; m, is a lever, to facilitate the changing of the bobbin; k, k, is an iron frame; 1, 1, is a guide rod, into which is fixed the small pulley by which the roving is coiled on the bobbin; n, is a brass tube, down which the roving or yarn is conducted to the pulley m, and to the bobbin i. The whole machinery is put in motion by the pulley p; 0, 0, 0, is a frame to support the bobbin i, i; the shaft d, and the gearing I, I, I, are parts of a frame, in which any convenient number of these our improved spindles may be placed, each spindle being of similar construction. The moving power is applied to the pulley p, which moves the frame 0, 0, 0, round the stationary screw b, and this acting upon the pinion c, moves the shaft d, and the bobbin i, by the arrangement of gearing hereinbefore described; by properly adapting the proportions of which, the speed of the bobbin may be adjusted to receive the yarn or roving, as