which after taking both the grooves in x, the driving pulley, is spliced, instead of passing from the carriage to the twist pulley as in common mules. The pulley x, is keyed on y, an inclined shaft, the upper end of which turns in a swivel collar, and the lower end or foot in an arm of a bell crank.

66

During the process of twisting and backing off, the shaft y, receives motion through 1, a mitre wheel, which is keyed near its lower extremity, and is driven by 2, another mitre wheel, fixed on 3, a shaft, on which is also keyed 4, a double grooved driving pulley, receiving motion by an endless band from 5, the twist pulley above. This pulley band passes under a carrier pulley, and over a double grooved carrier pulley, under the driving pulley 4, again over pulley 7, and under pulley 4, round 8, a sliding carrier pulley, under 9, a carrier pulley, and thence to the twist pulley.

"The mitre wheel 1, comes occasionally into gear with 10, another mitre wheel, keyed on 11, a shaft, upon which is also keyed 12, a spur wheel, which gears into 13, another spur wheel, firmly connected to 14, a drum or barrel, which is called the winding-on barrel.

"The diameters of wheels 12 and 13, should be made to give as nearly as possible the proper amount of rotation to the spindles, according to their diameters and those of the warves, the final adjustment being made in the diameter of the barrel 14, the whole being adapted to give so much motion to the spindles, as will cause them to wind on the whole stretch at the first run in.

"There is a cord 15, one end of which is tied to the sliding nut n, in the arm of the quadrant m, and the other made fast to the barrel 14, after having made several coils round it; and 16, is an opposing cord, also coiled round and fastened to the barrel 14, and after passing under 17, a

carrier pulley, and over 18, another carrier pulley, it sustains 19, a counterpoise, which causes the barrel 14, to take up the cord 15, as the carriage recedes from the rollers.

"A lever 20, inclined downwards at both ends, is mounted at its middle upon 21, a tumbler shaft, carrying 22, a fixed vertical arm, which is connected by 23, a link, with the side arm of the bell crank; 24, is a stopping bar, moveable on a stud in the vertical arm of the tumbler shaft, its lower end passing through and abutting by a shoulder against the upper side of a mortice hole in 25, a stopping piece, which is bolted to the frame c; the stopping bar is held against the upper side of the slot by 26, a spiral spring; 27, is a latch, on a stud in a projection from the frame c, which is pressed by 28, a spring, in the direction of a catch on one side of the lever 20; 29, is a radial weight, moveable on a stud in the framing, and carrying on a stud near its centre 30, a friction roller, under which the inner inclined arm of the lever 20, passes, and raises the weight a little, just before the carriage completes its run inwards; 31, a stud in the framing, which by stopping the latch 27, in its motion inwards, disengages the lever 20, at the instant the carriage has completed its run; which allows the weight 29, to depress the inner arm, and so to throw into gear the mitre wheels 1, and 2, preparatory to the re-commencement of twisting; 32, is another radial weight, similar to the weight 29, having a friction roller, under which the outer arm of lever 20, comes to raise it, as the carriage reaches its outward limit.

"When the process of backing off is completed, the mechanism for putting up, or running the carriage in is put into gear, and simultaneously with it; and by the same or any other convenient means, the stopping bar 24, is depressed, and the weight 32, depressing the lever 20,

shifts the mitre wheel 1, from the wheel 2, into gear with the wheel 10.

"The diagram fig. 3, is intended to shew the arrangement of the connecting wheels, the winding on barrel, and the crooked lever, when the spindles are driven by bands from a roller, instead of drums, which, as far as the present improvement or improvements in the mule, billy, jenny, jack frame, or stretching frame, are concerned, is almost the only difference in the several machines enumerated; they all being machines of the same class, that is, in which is performed at intervals the winding on of the stretches of yarn or rovings, though used for different purposes, and distinguished by different names.

as

"A spur wheel a, is keyed on the coupling shaft which connects the spindle band rollers on each side of the headstock; b, is a radial arm, centred on the same coupling shaft and connected by c, a link, with d, the crooked lever, which is acted upon by the radial weights and catches, described before; e, a double grooved pulley, keyed on the same shaft with f, a spur wheel; g, a double grooved carrier pulley, round which and the pulley e, the twist pulley band is passed twice, as before explained; h, the winding on drum, keyed on the same shaft as i, a spur wheel; j, a spur wheel, carried by the radial arm 6, and gearing into wheel ƒ, whilst the twist is being given, and into wheel i, during the winding on.

"In the adaptation of the present improvements to the mule, billy, jenny, jack frame, or stretching frame, according to the diameter of the cop to be formed, or the length of stretch made in the several machines, it may be requisite to vary the length of the grooved arm of the quadrant. Whilst the carriage is running in, it turns by the band g, fig. 2, the drum h, its shaft k, and the pinion 1, which works into the quadrant m. When the quadrant

begins to move, its grooved arm stands about 12° beyond the vertical position from the rollers, and during its action, it turns on its centre inwards, through an arc of about 90°

"At the commencement of a set of cops, the stud in the nut n, to which the cord 15, is attached, is set opposite or nearly so, to the centre of the quadrant, in which position it suffers no change of place by the motion of the quadrant. As the carriage recedes from the point of attachment of cord 15, it causes the rotation of the winding on drum 14, round which the cord is coiled, and the drum, through the train of wheels 13, 12, 10, and 1, that of the pulley x, which by the spindle drums gives motion to the spindles, (see fig. 1.)

"The rotation of the spindles during the first run in of the carriage, just suffices to wind on the stretch of yarn upon the bare spindles. As the diameter of the cop increases by each succeeding layer, fewer revolutions will be requisite to effect the winding on of the constant length, and therefore the whole quantity of motion imparted to the spindles during a run in, must undergo progressive diminution, so long as the diameter of the cop is increasing, which goes on until the bottom is formed. This decrease of motion in the spindles is obtained by lessening the quantity of cord to be uncoiled from the winding on barrel; an effect which results from the advance of the nut n, along the arm of the quadrant, the amount of the effect being exactly commensurate with this advance, as is apparent when the grooved arm of the quadrant, at the end of the run in, nearly coincides with the line of traction of the cord 15.

"The motion which slides the nut along the quadrant arm is produced in this way. During the process of backing off, the spiral coils of yarn are unwound from the ends of the spindles, and the faller is depressed when the counter

faller by its weight rises, and takes up the uncoiled or slack yarn, and thus the faller wires keep up the tension as the yarn is uncoiling. Whilst the carriage is running in, the spindles, in winding on the stretch of yarn, take up by degrees the coil yarn also, and as this is effected, the faller wires are brought to nearly the same level. At the first run in, this approach of the faller wires takes place only as the carriage comes up to the rollers. The power of winding on increasing as the diameter of the cop enlarges in the subsequent stretches, the coil yarn gets taken up before the carriage has run home; and when this occurs, the descent of the counter faller allows the governor lever u, to fall, and to pinch the endless strap s, against the stud v. With the motion of the carriage the strap is dragged along, and turns the leading screw o, which slides the nut n, towards the circumference of the quadrant.

"The strap continues to be dragged until the retardation of the taking up from the diminished velocity of the spindles thus produced, permits the counter faller again to rise, and relieve the strap from the pinch of the lever. In this way the nut n, is made to advance upon the quadrant arm, in proportion as the expanding diameter of the cop accelerates the action of winding on, and a correspondent abatement in the whole number of revolutions of the spindles is the result. As soon as the cop has attained its full diameter, that is, when the bottom is formed, the winding on power then remaining uniform, the governor lever is no longer made to act upon the strap, and, consequently, the nut n, travels no farther from the centre of the quadrant during the completion of the cop.

Besides the adjustment of the whole amount of winding on motion, each stretch is adjusted to the growing diameter of the cop, which is effected by causing the point of attach