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ropes or chains, may be coiled and uncoiled by means of a winch or handle applied upon the axis of the windlasses, and which said ropes or chains being affixed to the arm d, d, the windlasses may be kept in their required position, by means of pegs being inserted into the rings of holes provided for the purpose, as shewn in fig. 3*, and as before mentioned.

Another mode of causing the wheel c, to traverse over the whole extent of the pit a, b, in circles instead of spirals, as above described, is shewn in elevation in fig. 4, in plan in fig. 5; and endways in fig. 4*; in which figures, a toothed metal rack is shewn, as affixed upon the upper surface of the arm d, d, into which a pinion acts, which is mounted upon an axis, working in holes formed to receive it in the metal frame, which is mounted upon the top of the upright cylindrical stem p, and by means of a winch or handle affixed upon the said axis, the pinion may be turned a little at each revolution of the wheel c, around the pit, in order to cause it to run in fresh circular paths; or instead of a rack and pinion, two barrels q, q, may be employed turning upon axes, working in holes formed in the upper part of the metal frame, with squared parts at their ends to receive a handle or winch; and arround these barrels cords or chains may be applied, which are likewise affixed to two studs or pins, driven or otherwise secured into the upper surface of the arm d, d, and which cords pass underneath two loose barrels q, q, also turning on an axis mounted in the said frame, and thus by turning either of the two uppermost barrels a little at each revolution of the wheel c, the cords or chains will move the arm d, d, within the metal frame a sufficient quantity to cause the wheel c, to move continually in fresh circles. Two friction rollers are mounted in the lower part of the metal frame, to assist the motion

of the arm d, d, and a supporting roller mounted in a proper frame, may be also applied, as shewn in fig. 4, to run upon the level surface of the central platform or mound, and instead of one wheel c, only, two or more may be employed, and these also on each side of the mound or platform, if thought necessary.

Fig. 6, represents another mode of effecting the latter object; here a female screw is formed in a wood or metal head, which is affixed upon the top of the cylindrical spindle p, and a corresponding screw is made upon the arm d, d, which can be turned a little at each revolution of the wheel c, c, around the pit, by means of a pin or lever inserted into either of the holes, formed through the screw to receive it.

Figure 7, exhibits an arm d, d, mounted upon the top of the spindle p, which has a cylindrical stem and shoulder formed upon it, the cylindrical part being passed through a hole formed to receive it, in the centre of the arm d,d; this arm has a right and left threaded screw, upon which female right and left threaded screws, made in sockets, naves or boxes, fitted into the centres of the wheels c, c, act; and thus cause those wheels to run in spiral courses over the whole extent of the circular pit. It being however necessary to reverse the motion of the arm, to cause them to move in the contrary direction, other modes may also be employed to produce a backward and forward lateral movement of the wheel c, c, such, for instance, as the well known mangle motion; namely, by affixing a windlass, barrel or wheel, upon the moveable head, upon which a chain, strap, or rope may be wound and unwound, by means of a winch or handle applied upon the axis of the windlass or barrel. The arm d, may be prevented from rising too high, by affix

ing a screwed nut upon the top of the spindle p, as shewn in fig. 7, or upon the lower end of it, as shewn in fig. 3.

Having thus described various machines for mixing, grinding, and tempering the materials, the Specification next proceeds to describe various machines for forming or pressing bricks, tiles, &c. when in a partly dried state.

Fig. 8, is an external elevation or side view of such a machine; figs. 9, and 10, two internal views of it, in different situations; and fig. 11, a plan or top view of it, in all of which figures, the same letters of reference indicate the similar parts of the machine; a, a, &c. is the wooden or cast iron frame of the machine; b, b, the sides of the mould; c, the swinging frame, for keeping down or removing the upper part of the mould; this frame is mounted upon a strong axis d, which moves in bearings formed in the lower ends of the swinging frame c, on the ends of the pivots of the axis d, and these must be screwed nuts, to keep the swinging frame steady on the same; e, the main lever united to, or affixed firmly to the axis d; f, f, two side links, which connect the main lever e, with a shorter lever g, affixed upon another axis h, shewn in fig. 11*, which turns in bearings or eye bolts affixed in the end of the frame.

Upon a square, formed on the end of the axis h, a hand lever j, fig. 8, is affixed, in order to actuate the apparatus, as will be hereafter described; k, k, are two webs affixed upon the axis d, to keep it in its place within the gaps formed to receive it on each side, within the lower side rails of the frame a; l, is a short lever, affixed upon the axis d, the use of which is to raise the stem m, of the piston n, which forms the bottom of the mould, when the hand lever j, is brought into the position shewn in fig. 8, and by the dotted lines in fig. 9, in order to compress the brick in the mould.

When this has been effected, the cover of the mould' c, is to be thrown aside; the hand lever j, is then to be' brought into the position shewn by the dotted lines in fig. 10; and the piston n, is to be farther elevated, so as to push the brick out of the mould in the following

manner:

In fig. 10*; at o, is shewn the necks or pivots, the ends of which turn in bearings affixed underneath the upper side bars of the frame a; p, is an arm or lever, affixed upon the axis o; to the end of which, the two links q, q, are jointed, and which are also jointed to the stem m, of the piston n. A hand lever r, is affixed upon a squared part, formed upon the outer end of the axis o, which rests in the position, shewn in figs. 8 and 9, whilst the brick is in the mould: but upon bringing it into the situation shewn by the dotted lines in fig. 10, it raises the piston n, and lifts the brick out of the mould, ready to be taken away.

The pressing of the brick in the mould is effected by bringing the hand lever j, into the position shewn in figs. 8 and 9, which depresses the levers g, and e, and raises the short lever, which acts against and elevates the piston n, at the part s, of its stem, as shewn in figs. 8 and 9. The lower end of this piston stem is guided and steadied by means of five screws; three of which are passed through a strong cross bar t, one of them u, acting against the edge of the stem on one side, whilst the two others v, v, bring a back plate into contact with its opposite edge; two other screws w, w, fig. 11, also pass through the lower side rails of the frame, which act against the side of the stem.

In order to keep the piston n, steady whilst the brick is removed, the lever r, is to be lodged between two pins x, y, let into sockets and moveable at pleasure. The

lower one x, preventing the piston n, from rising too high, and the upper one keeping it steady. In figs. 8, 9, and 10, z, is another pin let into a socket in the side of the frame a, in order to limit the rise of the piston n, and thus to cause all the bricks to be made of an uniform thickness.

Across the upper plate c, of the mould, a strong cross bar is affixed by means of screws, and having holes at each end of it, through which the upper ends of the sides of the swinging frame c, are passed and secured by screwed nuts, above and below the cross bar, as shewn in fig. 8.

Figs. 12 and 13, are a front and side view of the piston n, and its stem m. Fig. 14, a plan of the axis d, and lever e, a side view of which is shewn in fig, 15; and fig. 16, is a plan of the axis h, with its lever g.

Fig. 17, is another press for bricks, in which the piston n, is raised and lowered by means of a toothed metal rack c, formed upon its stem m, into which a pinion d, acts, upon the axis of which a winch or handle may be affixed to turn it; and it has also a ratchet wheel e, affixed upon it, into the teeth of which a click, catch, or pall f, falls, in order to retain the piston in its position. A friction roller g, is placed at the back of the stem, to keep the rack c, in its place.

Fig. 18. represents another press for bricks, in which the movements of the piston n, in the mould are effected by means of two metal rods, one of which is shewn at h, in fig. 18, and which are jointed to the piston above; and to a stud or pin i, below, which is affixed in one of the arms of a wheel i, which has teeth formed partly around it, into which a pinion d, acts, when turned by means of a winch or handle, affixed upon its axis. A ratchet wheel e, with a click f, is also here provided, to

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