Radioactivity and Geology: An Account of the Influence of Radioactive Energy on Terrestrial History

accumulation actinium active deposit alpha ray Alps amount of radium appears assume atmosphere atoms average basalt beneath Boltwood calcareous calculation calories cent chlorine conductivity connexion considerable contained coral crust cubic centimetre denudation depth derived detrital earth effects electroscope emanation of radium equilibrium amount escape estimate evidence exist experiments fact Finsteraarhorn flask folds geological age geotherms Globigerina Ooze gneiss Gothard gradient gram of radium grams per gram granite halo helium igneous rocks interior involved ionization J. J. Thomson kilometres layer mass massif measurements ments method metres miles millimetre millions minerals mountain observed ocean ooze origin particles Phil phosphate precipitation probably Proc production quantity of radium radiation radio radioactive radioactive elements radioactive energy radioactive materials radioactive substances Radiolarian Ooze radiothermal rays rivers Rutherford sedimentary rocks sediments Simplon Simplon tunnel sodium solution Strutt suppose surface temperature thermal thickness thorium tion tonnes transformation tunnel uranium