Aylmer left Kilfinin without money and victual. Capt. Collvin left his house and fled to Asbelyor. The Abbey of Adair, of Mr. George Thornton, where he had thirty men, shot, munition and victual, yet was forsaken, for they all came away, and the Bruff, which he had in lease from Pierce Lacy, wherein the President had put eighteen men in ward, upon their running away was given up to Pierce Lacy. Fannington, of Mr. Mainwaring, I marvel at him more than all the rest, considering his old occupation in Ireland, acquainted with all robbers and thieves in the land, that the rebels in Ireland, brought up in the same school, would not favour him, or at least that he had none of his schoolpoints to defend himself. In the County Kerry and County of Desmond the Island of Kerry, the segniory of Sir William Harbert, after his death, was forsaken by one Mr. Williams. Fiorryes, of Nicholas Browne, his segniory. Traillie, a town of Sir Edwd. Dennyes' segniory. Generally all the English ran away when there was no rebel within forty miles of them. Castlemain was long defended by the ward, without any means but their own shift, which cost John Midleton, a fine clerk, his life, not having his natural diet. They sware to James Desmond, the traitor, in parlie, that they have victuals for half a year, whereupon they yielded the cattle and saved their lives, whereas they had not one jot of any food.

In the County Cork Moyallo and the town being Sir Thomas Norries, he and the President of the province came away first together with his Lordship into Cork and discouraged all the English about him. Mr. Wayman left Doneraile and fled away, he was a great sheep master, and in that trouble you might buy an English mutton for 12d. Carrigrohan, where both the Clavells, English gentlemen, lived, was forsaken. McCuffe made haste to Kilmallock and left his castle of Nyeckill (?) to a young Irishman of his bringers, who sent his master eleven wayneload of stuff, afterwards shut the castle and kept all to himself; Carrigaline, of Henry Ditton; Tracton Abbey, the segniory of Sir Warham St. Leger, where Mr. Daunt and Mr. Sampson dwelled; Ballingarry, of Mr. Walter St. Leger; Castlemahon, of Mr. Beecher; Derrywilliam and Carriganeedy, of Mr. Hyde, he being in England, and his wife fled to Cork; Patrick Condon was then his own carver.

Tallow, a great town, all Englishmen, women and children, where there was about three score householders, thirty good shot, and in all about six score able men came away every one; the enemy after burnt all to the ground. Ballybegg, a town hard by Moyallo, of some twenty families, did the like. All the English of the segniory of Sir Walter Raleigh, viz., John Hartys, William Andrew, with others, came away, The inhabitants of the lands of Cosbryde, of the segniory of Sir Warham St. Leger, took their flight. Arundel Castle was forsaken by Walter Grant. Bestock, lieutenant of Sir Thomas Norries' horsemen, forsook his castle before the enemy came. William Lyon, Bishop of Cork, was left to be a martyr, first he forsook a strong house, all of stone, which he had at Ross, in Karberry, and afterwards left a fine and strong house he had without the walls of Cork and fled into the city. William Saxey, Chief Justice of Munster, urchin-wise, like Harry Pyne of Moyallo, afore presaging the mischief to come, which he had no doubt learned and concealed, made haste for England, cum pannis as commonly we term it, with bags and baggage embarqued, together with his wife and family, and all

that he had, and left the charge committed unto him from her Majesty at six and seven. In the County Waterford, Mr. Dalton, an English gentleman, and a widow, forsook the castle of Knockmone. Mr. Hayes forsook his castle at Capperquin and fled away. Captain Fitton played the coward, hearing of the rebel coming to the country, he forsook his castle of Kylmahanyn, in the County Tipperary, and ran away.

R. D.

The Parish of Kilshannig and Manor of Newberry, Co. Cork.

BY HENRY F. BERRY, I.S.O., M.R.I.A.

HIS parish, which is also called Glantane, is situated in the barony of Duhallow, east riding of Cork, and is bounded on the north by the river Blackwater, east by the river Clyda, south-west by the Boghra moors, parish of Donoughmore, and west by the parish of Clonmeen. The name is derived from Cill-Seannaigh, the church of Seanach, a saint who appears to have also been commemorated in Kilshannig, near Rathcormack, and Kilshanny, near Mitchelstown, both in the county Cork. The name signifies wise or prudent, and Dr. Joyce says that it was formerly very common as a man's name. The late Rev. Dr. Olden, a great authority on such subjects, wrote that in the Book of Leinster is to be found a summary of the nine most famous saints of the race of Conaire the Great, King of Ireland in the first century B.C. This tribe had been expelled from Ulster, and settled in Munster, where it long continued distinct and at war with the original inhabitants. In Christian times the race produced many saints. The nine above referred to are divided into three groups, the three senior of whom are Seanach, son of Coirell, Eolan, and Odhran. St. Seanach's period is unknown, but as his fellows in the list belong to the sixth and seventh centuries, he is probably referable to the same.

In the Book of Survey and Distribution, connected with the Down Survey Maps, circa 1657, made after the rebellion of 1641, the following are named as the townlands of which the parish then consisted-Currigolane, Kilballida, Drumore Castle, Drumahane, Killcolemane, Oulert, Drumaneene, Mahareene, and Scarragh, all of which are returned as having been, prior to 1641, the property of Donogh O'Callaghan. Lord Kingston and Sir Richard Kyrle were granted a large portion of these lands under the Act of Settlement in the reign of King Charles II., and Kyrle's estate was afterwards purchased by Richard Newman, in whose favour a patent from the Crown was passed in the reign of James II.

Kilpadder, the property of Cahir O'Callaghan, Gortmollirogh and Gortroe, the property of Dermod O'Callaghan, were also granted to Sir Richard Kyrle, and became the possession of Richard Newman. The lands of Brittas, Glantaine, and Lackendarragh, which were owned in 1641 by John O'Mullane, William Lambert, and Dermod O'Callaghan respectively, were granted to William Lombard under a Decree of Inno

cence. Portion of Gortmollirogh was afterwards named Lombardstown, and now forms a distinct townland of 358 acres.

In addition, there were within the parish nearly 10,000 acres of the great bog called Bogra, and unprofitable mountain. Large tracts of this were from time to time reclaimed, and the fifteen denominations named above, together with a great portion of Bogra, are now represented by sixty-three townlands, several of which have subdenominations.

The Field Books compiled and annotated by John O'Donovan and his colleagues during the taking of the Ordnance Survey (cir. 1830-5), now in the Ordnance Survey Department, Phoenix Park, Dublin, were copied on my behalf, and appended is a list of the townlands in the parish of Kilshannig, contained in them, with any information of interest noted. Various forms of ancient names are supplied, and O'Donovan gives what he considered the proper form, together with its meaning in English.

Aldworth. Found in the Down Survey Map as Owlert (an orchard). In 1786, Aldworth House was the residence of Mr. Edward Foott. Ballyboght, poor town. The rivers Lyre and Shanavoher run through

it.

Ballybonartle, see Nursetownmore.

Ballyboneill. In the Field Book, explained as Bonville's town, which seems an unlikely derivation. Boneil would appear to be bun ael, foot of the lime; in this instance probably a limestone cliff. Dr. Joyce cites Bawnaneel, in the parish of Kilmeen, near Kanturk, which represents Bàn-an-aeil, the lea-field of the lime.

Ballynoe, Newtown.

Ballysimon, Simon's town. This was probably portion of the ancient denomination of Kilcolman, the property of the O'Callaghans, and which descended to the late Lord Lismore.

Beenalaght, the pinnacle or pointed hill of the monument; beann being cognate to the Scottish ben. This townland has a subdenomination called Rean Thesure, the division of the sesure or six standing stones, which lies on the west side. The largest of these stones is about 9 feet high, 5 feet broad, and 2 feet thick, while the smallest is 5 feet high, 2 feet broad, and 1 feet thick. Mr. Windele (MSS. R.I.A.) says that during his visit to the place, he saw from Knocknamaddra hill the stones on Beenalaght.

Beenamweel, East and West, the ben or pinnacle of the hornless cows. This townland is mountainous, wet ground, and but shortly before. O'Donovan's time, it is said to have been all mountain land.

Boola, mountain dairy. In the west of this townland is a bog known as Portadav, the bog (portac) of the ox, from the circumstance of a bull having sunk in it.

Brittas, spotted or speckled land. This is an ancient denomination, (found in the Down Survey Map), of which John O'Mullane was owner in 1641. There are five so-called Danish forts in the townland, one of which is designated Brittas fort; it stands in an elevated position and has two rings round it.

Caheraveelane.

Maelàn (mweelaun), diminutive of mael-the stone fort of the bare round hill. The ruins of the fort from which it takes its name are in the west of the townland.

Carrigcleenabeg and Carrigcleenamore, Cleena's little and big rock,

The first-named townland is the property of the Chinnery family, the second of the Newmans. They take their name from Cliodhna, queen of the fairies of South Munster, as to whom the peasantry tell numberless tales. "Cleena had her palace," says Dr Joyce, "in the heart of a great rock, situated about five miles from Mallow; it is still well known by the name of Carrigcleena, and it has given name to two townlands. In a wild and romantic spot is a rude elevation, surrounded by a rampart of huge rocks, towering over the country round, and enclosing about two acres of very green ground. A narrow entrance leads into this, and there are many caves about-altogether an awe-inspiring spot. The small area is the fairies' playground, and there are those who assert they have seen them by moonlight, Cleena leading the dance. For the legend of Cleena's love for the chieftain O'Keeffe, her treachery to her sister, to whom he was betrothed, &c., see "Cliodhna, Queen of the Fairies of South Munster," by D. Franklin (Journal Cork H. and A. Society, 1897, p. 81).

Mr. Windele visited the place in 1836, and has left an account of it among his MSS. (Royal Irish Academy), No. 14, p. 43. The substance of it is as follows:-A kind of area nearly circular in form is partly fenced in with piles of rock, rising twenty feet over the level of the neighbouring fields, offering perpendicular faces to the area, while they slope on the outside. The rocks form separate and distinct groups, divided by considerable open intervals, and stand one at the east, one at the north-east, north-west, south-west and south-east. In this last is what is called the door, a square stone standing upright, and bearing some resemblance to an enormous door. The area is nearly equally divided by a rude range or line of large stones, running south to north, standing on end, sometimes together, and others with considerable gaps; some are prostrate. In walking beside the range, Mr. Windele found that 130 paces was the measure of the diameter. No inscription appeared on either rock or stone, but stone-crop grew abundantly on all the rocks, while some were covered with ivy. Mr. O'Callaghan, of Mallow, the owner, had just planted the ground with oak, ash and larch.

The country people say that a passage leads from this place to a lisheen, or small round lios, in a field adjoining on the north-west. About twenty years before, an attempt was made to plant potatoes in the ground, but Cleena was heard so piteously bewailing the desecration, that the farmer desisted. A man was said to have seen the whole place brilliantly illuminated one night, the door open, and a fair lady standing near it. When fairs were held in the neighbourhood, Cleena was said to have occasionally carried off from them any good-looking youths that caught her fancy.

At pp. 48, 960, and 1022 Mr. Windele gives sketches of Carrigeleena. The southern part of the townland is named Carrigtooma, the rock of the grave, from some of the rocks being placed like tombs, under which giants were said to have been buried. The most western portion is known as Carrigawhring-Carrigaffring, the rock of the Mass. Aiffrionn (Lat. offerenda), the Mass, enters into a number of Irish names, and Dr. Joyce says that Irish practice of celebrating Mass in the open air was very ancient. O'Donovan enumerates four forts in the townland of Carrigcleenamore, viz., Lisheenacarriga, little fort of the rock, which has a cave said to contain three large apartments; Lisheenbeg, small little fort; Lisheentoortagh, dirty little fort, and Sweeny's fort. In the

townland of Carrigcleenabeg, Windele notices but one, named Golding's fort. Carrigcleenamore has a subdenomination called Carrigbeg. The townland is bounded on the north by a stream called Aughaunbwee, yellow little ford, from the circumstance that its waters are frequently tawny. The northern boundary of the townland of Carrigcleenabeg is a small stream named Shinagh, fairy stream, whose waters are singularly clear.

Clyda. This townland takes its name from the river Clyda, which bounds it on the east, and it originally formed part of the ancient denomination of Kilvealaton. The name is derived from cladhdach, and when applied to a river signifies one with muddy banks, but Dr. Joyce says that the word sometimes carries with it the meaning of a river with a stony water margin. In O'Donovan's time, Clyda House was the residence of Rev. M. H. Becher.

Clydaville. This also formed part of Kilvealaton. Clyda and it are small townlands, being practically demesnes surrounding two residences, and as the one was named Clyda, the other became known as Clydaville. Creggane, rocky land. There is a large fort on the northern boundary. Curraghbower, deaf marsh or moor, from bodhar, deaf. Dr. Joyce has a most interesting disquisition on the use of this term in local names in Ireland (Irish Names of Places, ii., p. 48). Glenbower, deaf glen, is of frequent occurrence, and he is of opinion that an explanation may be found in such places possessing echoes; "you, speak loudly to them, and you get a loud-voiced reply, exactly as when you speak to a deaf person. Some such quality may have given this townland its name. It appears to have been portion of the old denomination of Gortroe. Near the eastern extremity is Lackabehunach, or the thief's flag. In the north-east is a dallaun about 6 feet high, 15 inches thick, and 16 feet in girth. is a fort.

Close by

Derrygowna, oakwood of the calf. This formed part of Rathcomane. Dromahane, ridge of the oak slits or laths. (O'Donovan explains these as used by sieve makers.) This is one of the ancient denominations, which appears in the Down Survey Map. In it is a fine old residence named Betsborough, where from 1733 to 1750 dwelt the family of Cornelius Townsend, Esq. In O'Donovan's time, the name had been changed to Fernhill by some member of that family, which continued to reside there up to a recent date. In the east of the townland is a fort planted with fir trees. Smith, in speaking of Kilshannig in his History of Cork, published in 1750, notices that some of the Danish entrenchments in the neighbourhood of Dromahane were planted with fir in clumps, which considerably adorned the country. Betsborough is considered a subdenomination of Dromahane.

Dromaneen, little ridge. The principal object of interest in this townland is the ruined castle, which occupies a striking position on a high rock over the river Blackwater. This castle, which suffered much at the period of the rebellion of 1641, was erected by the chief of the O'Callaghans in the late Tudor period on the site of a much older castle. The building, says Mr. Windele, is a specimen of the last phase of castellation in the descent from the lofty moated keep to the simple manor house. It had high gables, massive chimneys, and projecting parapets. The execution. of the carved doorways, mullions, dripstones and mantel-pieces is excellent, and the style would refer us for the date of the building to the close of Elizabeth's reign.