Burrows, Professor, Wiclif's Place in History 247 Church, Dean, Two Addresses 62 Cook, Canon, Second Letter to the Lord Bishop of London 191 60 Cyriacus, Professor, History of the Church Davis and Davidson, Arabic Reading Lessons 128, 261 Gritton, Dr., Pleadings with the Vedantists. Johnson, Rev. Theodore, Concordance of Revised Version Lias, Rev. J. J., Sermon on Old Catholicism Lincoln, Bishop of, Church History, Vol. II. Plunket, Lord, The Relations of the Churches of Ireland and England 124 106 185 THE HE foreign relations of the Old Catholics are no less important to them and to other branches of the Church than their home extension and consolidation. The first work of a newly organized body must be its own constitution; but when that has been once even imperfectly accomplished, its next business must be to look round about and see who are its friends and who are its foes. The Old Catholics of Germany and Switzerland have never isolated themselves like those of Holland, and have never forgotten that they are a part of the Church Catholic, and must have relations with the other parts of the body to which they belong. The last year has given them an opportunity of improving and consolidating those relations. We must go back to the American Convention held in Oct., 1880. At this convention Bishop Herzog was present. He was not only present as a stranger. He was invited by the presiding Bishop of the Church in the United States, who urged him to come, desiring that "all who held the Apostolic doctrine and worship, and held fast to all the great truths of the historic Church, should be of one mind, and so labour and pray together that any branch of the Church which has deserted these landmarks shall be ashamed and gladly return to that faith, held always, everywhere, and by all, to the glory of God our Father and our Lord Jesus Christ." He was received with open arms, appointed to read the Epistle and to NO, XXI. B administer the cup in the opening service of the Convention, and, with the Bishop of Edinburgh, offered an honorary seat in the house. Individual Bishops were equally warm in their welcome. The Bishops of New York, Connecticut, Western New York, Long Island, Albany, Central New York, authorized him to perform any ministerial function that he pleased in their dioceses, and clergy of all schools invited him into their churches, in which he officiated in his accustomed robes. Further, by an unanimous vote of fifty-three bishops the American Episcopate made the following Declaration, covering the case not only of Bishop Herzog, but of all the adherents of the Old Catholic cause : "Whereas the Lambeth Conference of 1878 set forth the following declaration, to wit,-'We gladly welcome every effort for reform upon the model of the Primitive Church. We do not demand a rigid uniformity; we deprecate needless divisions; but to those who are drawn to us in the endeavour to free themselves from the yoke of error and superstition, we are ready to offer all help, and such privileges as may be acceptable to them, and are consistent with the maintenance of our own principles as enunciated in our formularies '-which declaration rests upon two indisputable historical facts : "First, that the body calling itself the Holy Roman Church has, by the decrees of the Council of Trent in 1565, and by the dogma of the Immaculate Conception in 1854, and by the decree of the Infallibility of the Pope in 1870, imposed upon the conscience of all the members of the National Churches under its sway, as of the faith, to be held as of implicit necessity to salvation, dogmas having no warrant in Holy Scripture or the ancient creeds, which dogmas are so radically false as to corrupt and defile the faith: "And, second, that the assumption of a universal Episcopate by the Bishop of Rome, making operative the definition of Papal infallibility, has deprived of its original independence the Episcopal order in the Latin Churches, and substituted for it a Papal vicariate for the superintendence of dioceses, while the virtual change of the divine constitution of the Church, as founded in the Episcopate and the other orders, into a Tridentine consolidation, has destroyed the autonomy, if not the corporate existence, of National Churches. 66 Now, therefore, we, Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, assembled in Council as Bishops in the Church of God, asserting the principles declared in the Lambeth Conference, and in order to the maintaining of a true unity, which must be a unity in the truth, do hereby affirm that the great primitive rule of the Catholic Church, Episcopatus unus, cujus a singulis in solidum pars tenetur, imposes upon the Episcopates of all National Churches holding the primitive faith and order, and upon the several Bishops of the same, not the right only, but the duty also, of protecting in the holding of that faith and the recovery of that order, those who, by the methods before described, have been deprived of both. "The Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, assembled in Council, not meaning to dispute the validity of consecrations by a single consecrator, put on record their conviction that, in the organization of reformed Churches with which we may hope to have communion, they should follow the teachings of the canons of Nicæa; and that where consecration cannot be had by three Bishops of the province, Episcopal orders should at all events be conferred by three Bishops of National Churches." Bishop Herzog, while in America, wrote accounts of what he saw to his flock, and on his return he published the Pastoral Letter on Communion with the Anglo-American Church, which we have published in these pages. Having enumerated the acts of ecclesiastical fellowship already exhibited, the Bishop recites the declaration of the Old Catholics, "We continue in the doctrine of the Apostles, as it is laid down in the Holy Scriptures, and as it has found expression in the creeds of the ancient, undivided, truly universal Christian Church," and argues that the standpoint of the AngloAmerican Church is the same, quoting the Bishop of Lincoln's "Reply to the Invitation to the Vatican Council," and "Theophilus Anglicanus," and declaring that "it would be impossible for ourselves to formulate the catholicity of our faith more explicitly" than is done in the latter volume. He shows that he has perfectly grasped the sense in which the Anglican Church is Protestant, again quoting the words of the Bishop of Lincoln, " Although we claim catholicity for our Church, yet we do not deny that we are Protestants; that is, we are Protestants in so far as we protest against all errors that contradict the Catholic faith; we have become Protestants in order that we may remain truly Catholic." This, says Bishop Herzog, is "the fundamental thought" of the Thirty-nine Articles. "The Church of England has created no new dogmas; she has elevated no human inventions to be articles of faith, that one must of necessity accept under peril of losing one's salvation; but from the first she has protested against such arbitrary dogmas, even as we protested against the Vatican Decrees and against all Romish errors that are now stamped for ever through these dogmas." He is not unaware of the different tendencies of ecclesiastical thought within the Church of England, but concludes, with greater wisdom and breadth of vision than is possessed by many among ourselves, "It is just in this respect that the truly Catholic character of the Anglo-American Church is manifest, in that in non-essential things full liberty prevails.” Having contrasted the different attitudes held by the Churches of Rome and of England toward Holy Scripture and the primitive faith, he pronounces that "the Anglo-American Church offers a far stronger guarantee than the Roman Church for this, that she stands in living spiritual fellowship with the Apostolic Church, and therefore that she is a truly Catholic Church." He rejects the Nag's Head fable with contempt, acknowledges the validity of Anglican Orders, defends the statement of Eucharistic doctrine accepted at Bonn, and testifies to the reverence with which the Holy Communion is administered in America. Finally, he scornfully puts aside the notion that the Church of England originated with Henry VIII., declaring that "the men to whom the reformation of the English Church is really due were far superior in piety, knowledge, and true faith to the then leaders of the Roman Church," and that "they ought to be put by the side of the most illustrious men of earlier and better centuries." He concludes, "We did not separate from Rome in order that there might be one Christian sect more in the world, but because we strove after unity in the truth. We hold it to be our certain duty, so far as we can apprehend it, to follow the footsteps of the Apostles, as they are marked out for us through the Apostolic and Universal Church. This is, as we believe, the way in which the one flock of the one Divine Shepherd may more and more be able to gather together. We are heartily glad when any one calls to us This, too, is our aim and our way; let us struggle onwards in brotherly unison, and support one another by counsel and instruction and prayer.' Our warmest thanks to all who in the times of bitter conflict and much affliction have not withholden from us this high comfort." These are words of no uncertain sound; and it is not a matter of surprise that M. Michaud, whose rôle it has been to depreciate the Anglican Church for the purpose of orientalizing the Swiss Old Catholic movement, has given up a task which he found hopeless, and has withdrawn from Bonn to Paris. The Swiss Church will not suffer loss from his absence. In The visit to America was paid by the Swiss Bishop alone. Oct., 1881, Bishop Reinkens and Bishop Herzog together visited England. Invited by the President of the Anglo-Continental Society, they were received at Cambridge by the Bishops of Winchester, Ely, and Lichfield, the Vice-Chancellor, the Right Hon. A. J. B. Beresford Hope, M.P. for the University of Cambridge, J. G. Talbot, Esq., M.P. for the University of Oxford, the Deans of Ely and Chester, the Masters of Christ's College and Pembroke, Professors Lumby, Mayor, and Paget, Archdeacon Emery, Rev. J. J. Lias, Rev. J. C. Rust, &c. A meeting was held at which the |