the bar in 1775. In April of that year he was made captain of a company, and marched with Colonel Webb's Regiment to Cambridge. This regiment was in the battles of Brooklyn and White Plains. In December, 1776, at the engagement of Trenton, Captain Hull acted as field-officer of his regiment. July 1, 1777, he was made major in the Eighth Massachusetts Regiment; and before the battle of Princeton he rendered important service to Washington. In April, 1777, he marched with three hundred men to Ticonderoga; and on the retreat to the Hudson River, Major Hull received the thanks of General Schuyler. He took part in the capture of Burgoyne, October, 1777, and at the battle of Monmouth in 1778. After valuable services he was promoted to be lieutenant-colonel, August 12, 1779. About this time the appointment of aide to General Washington was offered to Colonel Hull, but circumstances prevented its acceptance. In January 1781, for his gallant conduct of a force against the British at Morrisania, he received the thanks of Washington and of Congress. He was complimented by the Commanderin-chief, when he escorted him with his troops into New York on the evacuation of that place by the British. When, December 4, 1783, Washington took leave of his officers in New York and disbanded the army, excepting one regiment, Colonel Hull was selected by him for lieutenantcolonel of that regiment.

When General Hull returned to Boston he was

made successively judge of the court of common pleas, major-general of the Third Division of Massachusetts Militia, and senator in the State Legislature. In 1805 he was appointed by President Jefferson, governor of Michigan Territory. In 1812 he reluctantly accepted the command of a military force to protect the northern frontier against the Indians. Subsequently he had command as major-general in defending that region against the British troops, who were under the lead of General Brock; and, apprehending an assault from him on Detroit,-where General Hull then was with his forces, the latter, fearing the total destruction of his own army, as well as of that town, which contained, as a fort, a large gathering of helpless women and children, surrendered it to the enemy.

On account of this surrender General Hull was charged, by a court-martial, in 1814, with neglect of duty, cowardice, and other offences, and was tried and condemned to death. But after sentence had been passed on him, President Madison declined to execute it. Public opinion, at first strongly against General Hull, was, on investigation, greatly changed; and in 1825 a pub-. lic dinner was given him, at which the leading men of Boston expressed their sympathy and respect for him. I believe posterity will render that justice to him which a train of unhappy circumstances had led many to deny him. We should be slow to give credence to charges of cowardice and

treason against a man who during his Revolutionary services received the thanks of Washington and of Congress, and had the approbation of his superior officers, and whose courage and patriotism at that time were never doubted. Although, when deprived of the auxiliary forces he had just reason to expect, he surrendered his military position at Detroit, it is by no means certain that this was not a wiser and more humane course, than to incur the risk of sacrificing his army and the town in those desperate circumstances. He avowed to the last his sense of right-doing in that act, and he was sustained also by many testimonials, both public and private, in his declining years.

From 1786 his home was on his farm in Newton, Massachusetts, where he died peacefully, November 29, 1825, at the age of seventy-two years.

CHAPTER XIV.

OLIVER HAZARD PERRY.

CHRISTOPHER RAYMOND PERRY was born at South Kingston, Rhode Island, in 1761, and died June 1, 1818. He was in the service, both military and naval, during the Revolutionary War. While in the navy his frigate was captured by the British, and he suffered for three months untold horrors in the famous Jersey prison-ship. In 1783, after peace was declared, he was appointed collector in a district of Rhode Island.

In October, 1784, he married Sarah Alexander, a reputed descendant of Wallace of Scotland. They had a son, OLIVER HAZARD PERRY, born in Newport, Rhode Island, August 25, 1785. After his victory in the battle of Lake Erie, he was chosen an honorary member of the New York Cincinnati Society, October 21, 1813.

He inherited from his mother an amiable disposition, joined with courage and commanding qualities of character. Like her he possessed a warm temper, but kept it under admirable control. While at school he manifested a strong mind, which he earnestly cultivated. He gave early promise of his future distinction. In 1799, when

only fourteen years of age, he entered the navy as a midshipman, and was in active service under his father in the frigate "General Greene," in her cruise on the West India station in 1799 and 1800. In 1807 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant, and in 1809 was in command of the schooner "Revenge," and cruised on the coast of the United States until January 1811, when his vessel, without his fault, was wrecked. When the War of 1812 opened he, at his own request, was placed on the lakes, under the command of Commodore Isaac Chauncey. He was soon called to aid an attack on Fort George, in which he acquired great credit. In August, 1813, in the momentary absence of a British squadron then watching him, he employed the force, which he had equipped, to lift his larger vessels on "camels," and took them out of port; and although deficient in officers and men, and poorly prepared, he brought the British squadron to an engagement, with complete success on his side. After co-operating with General Harrison in regaining possession of Detroit and transporting troops, and taking part in another battle, at the close of the campaign of 1813 he resigned his command. Congress voted him a gold medal, and he was, dating from September 10, 1813, appointed to the "Java," and promoted in the service. In 1814 he was employed in annoying the British squadron which sailed up the Potomac to destroy the public buildings at Washington, and was stationed in the defence of Baltimore. March, 1819,