ELECTRICAL REVIEW-INDEX. Lighting Syndicate, 98 meter competition, 510 REVIEWS- A. B. C. of Electricity, by W. H. Mea- Alternating Currents of Electricity, Electric Lighting with reference to Municipal Government, by Dr. W. Electrical Engineering, Systematically Electricity, Experimental and Practical, 124 Electricity Applied to Military Art, by Electricity in our Homes and Workshops, 500 Electro-metallurgy Practically Treated, Energy and its Transformations, Mecha- Incandescent Wiring Handbook, by F. Law relating to Electric Lighting, by G. Modern Views of Electricity, by Oliver Practical Electric Bell Fitting, by F. C. Solutions to the Questions set at the Sound, Light and Heat, by Alfonzo Study of Mr. Harness's Electropathic Thermo Electricity, by Arthur Rust, 40 Revival of an old idea, 42 Rise in copper, 243 Roper dynamo and arc lamp, 528 Rucker, Prof. A. W., On the instruments Russian Exhibition, 504 ACRED spot, 419 SACRED Safety device for alternating currents, 100 of Edison, 243 vii Sale of machinery, 422, 673 Save us from Our Friends, 675 Sawyer-Man decision, 556 School of Electrical Engineering and Tele- Schuster, Arthur, On the passage of elec- Scotch gas managers and electric lighting, 125 Section work at the British Association, Seeing sparks, 60 Seldon, Charles, On electric train lighting, 522 Shah and the electrical omnibus, 42 Shah's visit, 15 Shipyard lighting in Belfast, 256 Shocking death of a telephone employee, 509 Engineering Society, King's College, 557 Physical Society, 26, 541, 593, 706 Society of Arts, 14, 532 Société Electrique Vevey-Montreux, 15 Some new forms of electrical treatment, [DECEMBER 27, 1889. Torquay Telephone Exchange, 394 Training of the electrical engineer, 298 Transference of business, 42 Trooper killed by lightning, 214 Two hundred and thirty miles per hour, 69 writing, 215 UNDERGROUND wiring, 299 wires, 686 University College, Dundee, 242 Uncertainty, 556 Underground conductors, 555, 647, 673 Use of gas, 589 of the electric motor in Washington, 298 electromotors in Germany, 674 Uses of oil engines, 213 Utilisation of power in Glasgow, 614 VALductors, 8, 77, 148, 378 ARLEY, S. A., On lightning con- Vestries and the Board of Trade, 215 ATERHOUSE system, 157 WATERHO Water power, 268 Webber, Major-General, On distribution of Webster, Wm., On purification of sewage Welcome innovation, 433 Western Union Telegraph Company of Westinghouse Company, 348 Westinghouse-Edison lamp patent suit, 471 DECEMBER 27, 1889.] ELECTRICAL REVIEW-INDEX. INDEX-SPECIFICATIONS. ix 39 Parker, T., and Lowrie, W. (12907), 222 Rees, E. S. G. (17718), 731 Patten, F. J. (16681), 308; (16681A), 308 Paul, R. W. (15530), 598 Perrett, E. (18245), 681 Pieper, H. (11569), 166; (11570), 196 Pitt, S. (11927. Communicated by J. B. Atherton, of America), 567 Pyke, L. S. M., and Barnett, H. T. (11503), 166 AHOUSE, H., & Co., and Colle, C. SACK, J. (1550), 542 LAHOUSE, (8905), 28 Lake, H. H. (8809. Communicated by S. Langdon, W. E. (9171), 166 and Towle, W. (11529), Langdon-Davies, C. (16239), 542 Lowrey, G. P., Seward, G. F., and Willson, Lowrie, W., and Parker, T. (12907), 223 ACKIE, W. (9825), 28 MACKIE, Manville, E. (9745), 195 Maurice, A. H., Carr, L., and Owen, D. (11809), 404 Mayrhofer, C. A. (1713), 277 Moese-Nollendorf, E. R. von (14489), 681 Mortimer, W. R., and Holloway, J. (9032), 55; (10654), 55 NICHOLSON, F. B., and Jennings, E. J. (17479), 681 Noble, A. (10730), 166 Salomon, Sir David, and Faraday, H. (15713), 542 Sanderson, L. (13987), 196 and Head, H. H. (11573), 196 Sandron, A. (12452) 196 Sargeant, T. M., and Sweete, O. R. (13000A), 251 Satterlee, G. B. (13615), 277 Schallenberger, O. B. (11897), 429; (11898), 542 Schanschieff, A. (12290), 308 Sheffield, G. E., and Lowensteen, M. (18856), 708 Shepard, A. L. (16766), 681 Serrin, H. G. C. (12163), 196 Seward, G. F., Lowrey, G. P., and Willson, T. L. (9672), 55 Sherrin, J., and Sherrin, J. V. (13473), 404 Siemens Brothers & Co. (17964), 707; (18659), 708 Sigmann, A. (10900), 277 and Campbell-Swinton, A. A. (9046), 28; (14963), 514 Wallace, N. W. (10299), 166 White, W., and Rawson, F. L. (9487), 28 Willcox, B. (14149. Communicated by Winnall, L. W. (9747), 166 Currie, S. C. C. (5142), 140; (6547), 251; (11075), 543; (3456), 251 DALLOS, M. (11900), 543 De Bathe Cameron, H. F., and Harris, T. (8855), 460 Depoele, C. J. Van (5912), (5913), 140; (5014), 460 Dewey, M. W. (1611), 139 Dyer, I. T., Fish, P., and Fish, R. C. (1401), ENG 139 NGELBACH, F. W., and Bright, E. B. and J. (8657), 542 KEEN, R. E. (10814), 542 Kennedy, R. (1162), 112 Kookogey, W. P. (12731), 543 LAKE, H. H. (2592), 140; (4722), 140; (4800), 140; (4722), 140; (4800), 140; (5612), 140 [DECEMBER 27, 1889. Lake, H. H. (2480. Communicated by H. H. Cutler, of America), 277 (2080. Communicated by L. T. Stanley, of Brooklyn), 277 (6065. Communicated by Prof. Elihu Thomson, of America), 277 (9576. Communicated by S. F. Van Choate, of America), 460 Lake, W. R. (6804. Communicated by G. Lawrence, G. McGuire (4960), 140 Lowrie, W., and Hall, C. J. (1103), 112 ALTBY-NEWTON (7356), 278 MALTB Mehner, C. H. (434), 139; (7597), 278 Mestern, R., and Shedlock, J. J. (6119), 140 NALDE ALDER, F. H., Nalder, H., Crawley, C. W. S., and Soames, A. (1343), 139 Newton, H. E. (485), 166; (8046), 278 PAGET, L. (2006), 140 Prentice, H. N. (6284), 277 R ICKETSON, J. C. (3808), 277; (9589), 308. Roper, J. (2406), 140 (6064. Communicated by WELLS, C. H. (759), 112 Prof. Elihu Thomson, of America), 251 (6527. Communicated from abroad), by Nikola Tesla, 251 Wheeler, S. S. (7647), 278 Whittingham, G. H. (1677), 140 Williamson, A. E., Appleton, J., Howard, F. G-, and Burbey, W. T. (6622), 278 THE COMPOUND-WINDING CASE. WE mentioned last week that Lord Trayner had delivered judgment in this case against the holders of Haddan's or Brush's patent, but we had not time to discuss the case with anything like the fullness the importance of the decision demands. We give the text of the judgment in our other columns. This lawsuit has quite a little history. Compoundwinding was brought out in 1882 as a means of securing constant potential. In 1885, or about then, the AngloAmerican Brush Corporation attempted to secure royalties on all compound dynamos, under Brush's patent, as Brush had described and claimed the use of series shunt winding, though he said nothing about its being useful for constant potential. Many of the large firms preferred paying for licences to the chances of war, but Messrs. Crompton & Co., Goolden & Co., Allen & Co., and the Gülcher Company chose to contest the patent, and Messrs. Crompton entered a cross action on a patent of theirs. The chance of success in an English court of law was very uncertain, whereas the risk of incurring expense was quite the reverse; the interest in purely compound dynamos of some of the firms was small, and one happened to be liquidating or reconstructing just then, so a compromise was made, and the Brush Company became masters of the field. Messrs. King, Brown & Co., however, were doing a very large business in a quiet way in compound dynamos, and on careful examination of the specification, they decided it was much cheaper to fight than to pay royalties. They therefore took a bold course and brought an action against the Brush Company for threats, under the new Patent Act, claiming that their business was damaged by advertisements on the strength of an invalid patent. This involved an action to determine the validity of the patent. The plaintiffs' contention was that the patent was void on several grounds : 1. That series shunt winding had already been published in Varley's specification. 2. That series shunt winding had already been used publicly by Varley in his machine. 3. That the detachable wearing commutator segments were old, having been used by Wilde and by Varley. 4. That a number of commutator detail claims went beyond the provisional specification. The last is a mere legal point in this case. An inventor may not go beyond his provisional in his complete, as if allowed to do so he might fraudulently insert inventions not thought of at the time of his provisional. Of course there was no suspicion of fraud in Mr. Brush's case; in fact, his American specification containing all these details was filed before the English provisional. The fault rested in another quarter. Mr. Imray was called first and gave a great deal of educational evidence. Witnesses who had used Wilde commutators then gave evidence, and were followed by Dr. Hopkinson. He pointed out that there were no incandescent lamps in use in 1878, because Edison had not told the world how to make filaments. He also dealt fully with all the doctrinal and technical points of the case. His testimony as to the storage of magnetism and the separation of the development of the electrical and magnetic forces is interesting reading, but is too long to quote. Mr. Varley's evidence was, of course, exceedingly important. He said his specification described, and was meant to describe, series-shunt; and that his actual machine was also series-shunt. He produced his note book of that time with a diagram of series-shunt winding. His reason for not claiming it was that he thought his brother had described it. Mr. Varley's evidence is exceedingly clear and to the point throughout, and is not at all that of a man who would draw a nonsensical specification. Messrs. Gorman, Myers, and Garnish spoke as to Varley's machine working; and three real live skilled workmen who had made models were produced. Mr. Swinburne then followed and gave more arguB |