REVIEW

As will be seen from fig. 2, the current from the 4-pole machines is collected by two sets of brushes at 90°, the coils being cross connected by a series of brass rings placed side by side, which are insulated from each other and from the shaft, and form each a connection for diametrically opposite coils. For incandescence lighting these machines are generally compounded to 110 volts, two poles being used for currents from 10 to 112 ampères, and four poles from 150 to 350 ampères. For a current of 550 ampères 6-pole machines are employed, while a machine for 1,000 ampères would have eight poles and make 170 revolutions per minute.

From Nancy, in France, to Zurich, in Switzerland, is a fairly long journey by rail, but the Paris Exhibition annihilates distance by bringing very close together the products of these remote localities. Leaving the exhibit of M. Henrion it takes from two to three minutes to arrive at the display of the Oerlikon Maschinenfabrik, our exact rate of progress depending on the number of visitors present, which depends again on the hour at which we make our inspection. At the Oerlikon show our attention is at once attracted by a large 4-pole dynamo for the trans

core, carries the armature round, this spider being in two halves lengthways, and bolted together after the washers are in place. The armature is 22 inches long, and measures in diameter over the winding 37 inches, having a centre opening of 23 inches. It is wound Gramme fashion, in 200 sections of two convolutions each, the conductor consisting of a stranded cable of 19 copper wires of 051 inch diameter, cotton braided on the exterior and varnished. Roughly, but as near as can be judged without actually applying our rule, the circumferential distance between adjacent magnets measured on the armature circumference, is equal to the circumferential width of the magnets. The latter would thus be about 15 inches, and this multiplied by 22 gives 330 square inches as the area of the magnet cores, the area of the octagonal yoke frame being rather over half this, or 170 square inches. The current is collected by four sets of two brushes, each brush being about 2 inches wide, and as opposite sets are connected in parallel, this gives four brushes for the collection of about 300 ampères. The magnets are series wound, each limb having 60 turns of copper sheet 12 inches wide by 04 inch thick, the four limbs being joined in series. Power is transmitted from this to a similar machine in the Swiss section, which as a motor drives weaving, flour-milling, tile-making machinery, &c. In order

FIG. 3.

mission of power. A diagrammatic representation of the field of this machine is given in fig. 5, the perspective view, fig. 4, giving a general idea of its appearance. The generator at the Exhibition has, however, three bearings, instead of two as shown, a bearing outside the driving pulley being omitted in our engraving. At 480 revolutions the machine transmits about 240 electrical horse-power at a difference of potentials of 600 volts. The field is of cast iron and made in two parts, the lower part with two of the radial magnets being cast with the bed plate, and the upper part with the remaining two magnets joined to it horizontally, as shown. The magnetic system may be defined as consisting of two single horseshoe magnets with split yokes, the latter being constituted by the heavy octagonal frame surrounding the magnet limbs. The armature is of the ring type, and is built up of soft iron washers 024 inch thick, insulated with paper. spider keyed on the shaft, and furnished with eight arms, which fit into notches cut in the interior of the

A

FIG. 5.

that the speed of this latter may be the same as that of the generator, while allowing for the E.M.F. absorbed internally in the motor and leads, its armature is wound with a somewhat smaller number of convolutions than the generator. The switches employed for the line wire are similar in principle to those introduced by Siemens some years ago, where the arc formed on breaking is gradually lengthened between carbon points until before the circuit is absolutely broken the current is greatly diminished.

The Oerlikon two-pole machine, of normal type, is also exhibited. This presents no remarkable difference from the well-known Manchester machine, save that in its iron parts it appears to be somewhat more massively built. The particular machine exhibited is directly coupled to a 60 H.P. compound vertical engine running at 350 revolutions per minute. It gives a current of 500 ampères, and is shunt wound for a difference of potentials of 65 voits. The armature conductors are wound as ordinarily on the exterior of the core, and not inserted in holes pierced longitudinally near the periphery, as was the case when this machine was first introduced.

A four-pole machine, having a field like that proposed by Kapp some years ago, is also shown by the Oerlikon Maschinenfabrik. A sketch of this field is given in fig. 6, where it will be seen that the magnetisation is produced by two coils only. This type is employed for ship lighting as the external field is very small. For the reason that they are surrounded to a

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great extent by iron, these machines have been termed ironclad dynamos, but it must not be thought that because there is no external field there is no stray field. As a matter of fact the stray field in this type of machine may be set down as comparatively large, but the parts between which the leakage takes place are inside and hidden from observation. The advantage of the type for ship lighting lies in the fact that the stray field occupies a position in which it does affect appreciably the ship's compass, that is inside the machine. This dynamo is coupled to a 20 H.P. vertical engine running

S

S

FIG. 6.

at 480 revolutions per minute. The standards which support the cylinder and also form the guides, the bed plate and field magnet are all cast in one piece, the magnetising coils being slipped in place before the armature is put in. The armature has a ring core, but the coils are wound Siemens fashion, being laid on the outside surface of the armature with their cross ends passed underneath pins which project longitudinally from the interior of the core. The armature is about 17 inches in diameter and 17 inches long. It is wound in 64 sections with a conductor consisting of two wires in parallel, apparently about 134 inch diameter, braided on the exterior. The machine gives 200 ampères at a difference of potentials of 70 volts. The current is collected by two sets of copper plate brushes resting on the commutator 90 degrees apart, the armature sections being internally coupled in series. A goodly display of regulators, switches, fuses, and other accessories is shown by the Oerlikon people, but a description of these lies outside the scope of the present article. (To be continued.)

NOTES.

The Lighting Question at Maidstone. -The Maidstone Gas Company has refused to accede to the petition of the local authorities to reduce the price of their gas for public lighting, and consequently the Local Board have appointed a committee to consider the proposals of the Municipal Electric Light and Power Corporation, the Electric Construction and Maintenance Company, and the South of England House-to-House Electricity Company, who have given notice of intended application to the Board of Trade for provisional orders sanctioning the supply of electricity in Maidstone under the Electric Lighting Acts of 1882 and 1888. Some time ago a company was formed for the lighting of Maidstone by electricity, but the Local Board obtained an order for the deposit of £500 before any of the roads were broken up, and nothing more was heard of the project. It remains to be seen whether the committee will recommend the compelling of the companies now applying to deposit this sum.

Mill Lighting by Electricity at Morley.-Mr. A. W. Bennett, of Leeds, is busy putting an installation of the electric light to the Prospect and the Daisy Hill Mills, for 210 lights in the former, and 70 in the latter. Messrs. Mather and Platt have made the dynamo.

[JULY 26, 1889.

The Electric Lighting Bills and the County Council Petitions to the House of Lords.-At the London County Council meeting on Tuesday last, held at the Guildhall (Lord Rosebery presiding), a report of the Parliamentary Committee was brought up by its chairman (Mr. C. Harrison). The committee stated that the four Bills for the confirmation of ten provisional orders, issued by the Board of Trade, with respect to electric lighting, together with one private Bill, the Metropolitan Electric Supply Bill, against which the Council had petitioned, came before the Committee of the House of Commons on the previous Tuesday. Council had been able to secure several necessary amendments, but the Select Committee had not, in the judgment of the Highways Committee and the Parliamentary Committee, conceded satisfactory provisions for the protection of the Council's bridges. The latter committee therefore recommended :-" That petitions be presented to the House of Lords with a view of obtaining satisfactory provision for the protection of the Council's bridges." The recommendation was agreed to by the Council without discussion.

66

Paris Exhibition Lighting Syndicate.-It is said that Messrs. Woodhouse and Rawson have just received, as one of the members of the syndicate who have been lighting the Paris Exhibition by electricity, a first distribution of an amount equal to double the sum they originally invested. The syndicate is expected to get back altogether a return of six times the amount invested. This result just bears out the prognostications of our leaderette in the REVIEW for the 12th inst.

Country House Lighting.-In addition to the lighting at Alnwick Castle for the Duke of Northumberland, which we mentioned last week, we understand that Messrs. Drake and Gorham have a number of contracts in hand, including a 300-light installation at Batsford Park, for B. Freeman Mitford, Esq., who succeeded to the property of the Earl of Redesdale. They are also lighting Farley Hall for C. Bill, Esq., and Oxenden Hall for W. H. Barfoot Saunt, and have just commenced the wiring of another large mansion near London, in which upwards of 300 lights are to be fixed, the power for which will be obtained from a 14 H.P. Cornish boiler, and a 12 H.P. Marshall engine. The above, in addition to some wiring contracts and the lighting of the African Bank, which is to be completed next week, have involved considerable additions to the firm's contracting department.

Theatre Lighting.-The Exeter Theatre is to be lighted throughout by the Exeter Electric Lighting Company. Gas will, however, be available in case of accident to the plant.

Jack's Yarn. We are sorry that the committee appointed to examine into the practicability of electrically connecting lightships with the shore, should have recommended that the scheme be abandoned on the score of expense. It was fully demonstrated that such communication could be maintained in any weather and that it would be of great service to lifeboats in going out to wrecks, yet human life is rated. at such a low value that the committee considers the cost of connecting up is not warranted. This is surely a matter upon which public opinion should be generally aroused. Poor Jack will still have to mainly depend upon that "sweet little cherub who sits up aloft."

Electric Tramways in Australia.- The Sandhurst and Eaglehawk Electric Tramway Company, Limited, formed for the purpose of putting down a tramway and working it electrically, have entrusted the work to Messrs. Booth, Ellson and Company, electrical engineers, of Melbourne, who have placed the order for the plant for the charging station with the Anglo-American Brush Electric Light Corporation, Limited, who will also supply the cars, motors and accumulators. expected that the first section of the work-a line five miles in length-will very shortly be in operation.

It is

JULY 26, 1889.]

Electrical Storage Cells.-The Berlin correspondent of Industries states that a new type of storage cell, patented by Herr Correns, is being introduced by a company, which has lately been started with a considerable capital, under the title of the Berliner Accumulatoren Werke. The distinguishing feature of the Correns plates is the formation of the grid, which consists, properly speaking, of two grids with square holes, the two being so laid upon each other that the corners of the squares in one grid come opposite the centres of the holes in the other grid. In this manner the filling paste, instead of being in the form of so many separate plugs, forms one continuous mass over the surface of the plate, whilst still preserving a sufficient surface of contact with the bars of the grid. To prevent falling out the grids are rolled after casting, so as to slightly burr over the edges of the ribs. The question of producing accumulators of large output and light weight is generally engaging the attention of electricians in Germany, several of whom are at the present time experimenting in this direction.

Government Standardising Laboratory.-The Board of Trade desires to avail itself of the organisation of the London Chamber of Commerce for the purpose of ascertaining the probable extent to which a Government laboratory for standardising electrical instruments would be used. (a) By supply companies, for the certification of meters, voltmeters and ammeters; and (b) by manufacturers of electrical instruments. Replies to the accompanying questions, to be returned to the London Chamber of Commerce, are therefore requested. Individual replies will be considered as confidential, and only the aggregates will be published.

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Harold P. Brown and his Critics.-A gentleman in New York, of the name of Gutman, in making adverse comments upon the experiments of Harold P. Brown on the relative danger from continuous and alternating currents, thinks that the safest of all electrical systems must be an alternating current supplying the light through transformers; and he also imagines that the higher the potential in the main circuit is raised the safer will the system become. The correctness of this statement he considers proved by the fact that no person has been killed in Europe at a station using alternating current machinery. The chief reasons why fatalities have occurred in America are, according to Mr. Gutman (who has, we believe, a transformer of his own design), due to the bad workmanship of the material and the unqualified and untrained kind of labour obtained, as well as to the circumstance that every person is at liberty to string wires according to his own sweet will. Mr. Gutman has a modicum of pity for the medical authorities who were convinced by Brown's experiments; but this, perhaps, would have been better reserved for himself.

Electric Companies' Balance Sheets.-The Citizen of the 20th inst. severely criticises the balance sheet of the Electrical Power Storage Company. Readers of the REVIEW with a taste for analysing accounts, will find some very interesting items in our City contemporary, combined with some pregnant comments which shareholders in companies generally may take to heart with advantage to themselves for future use.

Fairplay is a Jewel.-We mentioned a fortnight since that a writer in Fairplay was attempting to teach his readers the principle of dynamo-electric machinery in a series of papers entitled "The Electric Light on Ships." His latest contribution is upon arc lamps, and we now read that "carbons are, like copper wire itself, very good conductors of electricity." The next article is intended to deal with incandescent lamps, and here the writer will doubtless find himself in his true element.

Testimonial to Prof. Kennedy.-In consequence of the announcement by Prof. Kennedy that he will resign the Chair of Mechanical Engineering at University College, London, W.C., at the end of the present session, his past and present students, in appreciation of his valuable services as head of the engineering department of the College, desire to present him with some token of regard, in expression of their deep sense of admiration for the zealous and courteous manner in which he has so ably filled the Chair, held by him during the last 15 years. As the committee is unable to obtain the addresses of many past students, we have much pleasure in giving publicity to a proposal which we feel sure will meet with general acceptance. The hon. treasurer is Mr. R. H. Willis, 17, Bear Alley, Farringdon Street, London, E.C., and the hon. secretaries, Messrs. W. Bashall, 17, Bear Alley, Farringdon Street, London, E.C., A. Fraser, the Engineering Society, University College, Gower Street, London, W.C.

Gummersbach-Messrs. Müller and Einbeck, who exploit the Tudor accumulator, are erecting a central station in the town of Gummersbach, in the Cologne district, which has 8,000 inhabitants.

Meteorological Congress.-At this congress, which is to be held at Paris from 19th to 25th September, several papers will be read on magnetism and atmospheric electricity.

100

Telephony in Austria.-At the general meeting of the Vienna Telephone Company, a dividend of eight per cent. was declared.

Electricity for Gas-men.-At the annual meeting of the German Union of Gas and Water Experts, held at Stettin, a paper was read by Herr O. von Miller on The Supply of Electricity to Entire Towns." Straws show which way the wind blows.

This Year's Electrical Companies.-The Investors' Guardian has published particulars of the new companies registered during the past six months, and we note that the share capital in electrical companies, which include telephony, amounts to no less than £3,833,600.

Standard Types of Apparatus.-The sub-committee appointed by the General Committee of the Electrical Section of the London Chamber of Commerce to consider the recommendation of standard or uniform types, desire to obtain information as to the extent to which the British Association screw thread has been adopted by the electrical trade up to the present. In the report of the British Association for 1885 (Aberdeen), it is stated that the standard screws "have been officially adopted by the Telegraph Department of the Post Office, and this step alone may be relied upon to ensure their general adoption by the telegraphic and electric instrument trades in the course of a few years." In the 1887 (Manchester) report, the following statement was made by Mr. Preece: "When the Post Office commenced to manufacture its own apparatus, it was decided to make all parts to template, so as to be interchangeable, and it was also decided to adopt some standard for screws. The standard recommended by the committee appointed by the British Association is now being introduced in all instruments and apparatus manufactured by and for the Post Office Department, a circular to that effect having been issued to all firms manufacturing for the G.P.O." Notwithstanding the above, a considerable number of manufacturers of electrical instruments are still quite unacquainted with these screws, and the.committee feeling that the practical value of such a standard depends largely, if not entirely, on the extent to which it is adopted, invite communications from the trade upon the subject, and for that purpose have drawn up a set of questions, to which answers are requested. The result of the analysis of the answers to these questions will be communicated to the members of the London Chamber of Commerce, in order that those who do not use the screws may see whether their use is sufficiently general to induce their adoption.

Safety Device for Alternating Currents.-Messrs. Drake and Gorham inform us that they have made a long series of experiments with this apparatus, the patents for which they purchased from Major Cardew, and have found it reliable under all conditions. A number have been supplied to the London Electric Supply Company, for use on their supply station.

An improved Open Circuit Battery.-Mr. G. H. Bays, of Wakefield, is manufacturing a form of battery cell for electric bell and like purposes, which possesses several advantages over the ordinary form of Leclanché. The zinc rod is immersed in a solution of sal-ammoniac in a central porous pot, which is surrounded by crushed carbon contained in an outer jar, a carbon plate being placed in the broken fragments; the surface of the latter is sealed over with a layer of the nsual asphalt compound. This disposition of the various parts makes the form of cells a very clean one, and, according to Mr. Bays, there is absolutely no creeping; the resistance of the cells (which measure 7 inches high and 41⁄2 inches across) we have found by actual tests not to exceed an ohm, a result which is ecidedly good.

[JULY 26, 1889.

Electrical Distribution.-Under this title a pamphlet has been issued by the United Electrical Engineering Company intended to afford concise particulars concerning the system of distribution by means of alternate current transformers, describing its essential points, and supporting these by detailed prices of the plant and accessories necessary. Interesting details are given of the requisite plant, of which illustrations are added, and the figures intended to prove that supply stations pay a handsome profit, though somewhat fanciful, would no doubt, if accepted with caution, be found useful to any one contemplating an investment in such an undertaking.

Mutual Electric Manufacturing Company.-This American company has sent us a very handsomely got up book describing the Knowles system of electric lighting and traction by storage batteries. Mr. Knowles claims to have discovered a new inoxidisable alloy which is superior to all others, that support plates of this alloy do not buckle, that scaling, falling out of plugs of active material, and sulphating are all avoided, and that the battery has a minimum of inactive material in its construction with the maximum output of current, as compared with any other battery of its size in the market.

Military Telephones.-The military instruments of Messrs. Mix and Genest, which we show on another page, have been submitted to our inspection by that firm's courteous representative, M. Le Chevalier de Kleist, who is now staying at De Keyser's Hotel, Blackfriars Bridge. They are very practical, articulate, easily manipulated and, we imagine, eminently suited for their purpose.

Woodhouse and Rawson United, Limited.-This is the title of the new company, launched since our last issue, to take over the business of Woodhouse and Rawson, Limited, the Woodhouse and Rawson Electric Supply Company, Limited, the Woodhouse and Rawson Electric Manufacturing Company, Limited, the Woodhouse and Rawson Electric Contract and Maintenance Company, Limited, and of Chas. L. Baker & Co., Limited. All of these companies are in a more or less dividend-paying position except one-namely, the Woodhouse and Rawson Electric Manufacturing Company, on which a loss has been hitherto made, and in the case of the Contract and Maintenance Company also the balance is only just brought on to the right side-i.e., that of profit. The capital paid up and considered paid up (the latter for stock and plant transferred by Messrs. Woodhouse, Rawson, and C. L. Baker & Co. respectively), together with £47,000 for the freehold premises, aggregate approximately to £287,000; but, deducting for the losses made by the one company indicated above, the total figures out at £269,000, the amount to be paid by the new company in cash and shares for the various businesses. It would, we think, have been better had more details of capitals paid up and of the position of each of the various companies appeared in the prospectus, as from the figures placed at our disposal we consider the prospects much more favourable than at first sight seemed possible. The actual value of stock, plant, &c., has, we understand, been by no means over-estimated, the reverse, indeed, being the case. It is to be hoped that the transformations of the Woodhouse and Rawson business are now nearly, if not quite, terminated, and that the United Company will continue to work energetically and reap a just reward. With Mr. F. L. Rawson's unbounded energy to obtain business, and with the extraordinary mechanical ability of Mr. C. L. Baker in the manufacturing department, we see no reason why this company should not achieve a first place in the list of similar concerns. It may be mentioned that on Monday, the first day of subscription, the applications were sufficient to allow of the company going to allotment, and that up to Wednesday night a very large proportion of the whole of the issues had been applied for.

Electric Lighting Bills.-The Liverpool Electric Lighting Provisional Order Bill has been allowed to proceed by the examiners of the House of Commons as an unopposed measure. The Birmingham electric lighting order has also been similarly dealt with. The Metropolitan Electric Supply Bill was read for the third time in the House of Commons on Wednesday.

Explosions in Accumulator Cars.-The letter which we publish from Mr. Fraser is somewhat curious, considering that next Tuesday is set apart for a Press view of the Barking Road-Canning Town line. Everybody present will want to see a repetition of the explosion, except the ordinary passengers, who could probably dispense with such extra inducements to patronise the

cars.

Things Worth Knowing.-It may not be within the knowledge of every householder that he can supply his own or his neighbour's premises with the electric light without trenching upon the rights of electrical comranies, so long as he does not break up or cross the public street. Gas and water companies have exclusive rights to supply their commodities, but electric lighting concerns are not able to prevent a householder from acting as above.

The Telegraphs Bill.-The operation of the Telegraph Act, 1878, has been extended to the Isle of Man after much negotiation with the island authorities.

Brewery Lighting at Tadcaster. Amongst the numerous improvements recently carried out in this town, the electric light has been adopted by the Messrs Smith, of The Brewery. The work has been entrusted to Messrs. Holmes & Co., electricians, Newcastle-onTyne, and has been executed by them (through their agent, Mr. William Woodhead, of Leeds). The dynamo is a No. 12"Castle" compound self-regulating machine, capable of supplying current for 230 lamps, of 16 candle-power each, at a speed of 800 revolutions per minute. The various parts of the brewery are lighted by Swan 16 candle-power incandescent lamps, suspended by flexible cords, and fitted with double contact holders and opal shades. The wiring throughout has been fitted up to the highest insurance rule, all wires being run in neat wood casing, both main and branch circuits being provided with safety cut-outs.

A New Sight-Feed Lubricator.-Messrs. Woodhouse and Rawson are manufacturing a new sight-feed lubricator (Fairbairn's patent), which is said to possess all the advantages of other sight-feed lubricators, without the disadvantage of the necessity of fixing to a steam pipe. It is perfectly independent, and is applicable to any bearing or other working surface, and the position of the rod above the cup clearly indicates to an attendant at a distance the amount of oil contained in the lubricator. The cover on the top of oil cup is removed and the piston drawn out; the cup is then filled with oil, and the piston and cover replaced. An adjustment screw allows any desired number of drops of oil per minute to float up through water contained in a glass tube at the side, from the top of which the oil flows down a small metal tube to the stem below.

The Telephone Amalgamation.-The new board is to consist of 15 directors, with a remuneration of £5,000, to which, however, a further amount will probably be added for the manager. The board of the United Company, consisting of nine members, was in the receipt of £10,500 (£1,500 for fees, £8,000 for percentage, and £1,000 extra emoluments of the managing director); the National directors' bill was £3,500 (nine directors), that of the Lancashire and Cheshire £1,500 to £2,000 (five directors)-total, say, £15,500 for nominally 23 directors; but several gentlemen having held seats simultaneously on several boards, the real number was 18. The new arrangement is, therefore, an improvement upon the former state of things.-Truth.

OFFICIAL RETURNS OF ELECTRICAL

COMPANIES.

Railway Automatic Electric Light Syndicate, Limited. The statutory return of this company made up to the 8th inst. was filed on the 18th inst. The nominal capital is £10,000 in £25 shares. 367 shares have been taken. Upon 167 shares the sum of £5 has been called, the calls paid amounting to £830, and unpaid to £5. Upon 200 shares the sum of £5,000 is considered as paid. Registered office, 5, South Parade, Leeds.

Julien Electric Company, Limited.-At an extraordinary meeting of this company, held at 23, Queen Victoria Street, on the 3rd inst., it was resolved to wind up voluntarily, Mr. Joseph Smith being appointed liquidator. The resolution was confirmed on the 19th inst. and filed the same day. The company was registered 19th March, 1888, with a capital of £100,000 in £10 shares. The last return was filed on the 22nd August, 1888, and shows that 7,307 shares were issued, credited as fully paid up.

Western Brazilian Telegraph Company, Limited.— The annual return of this company made up to the 30th May, was filed on the 6th nlt. The nominal capital is £1.500,000 divided into 73,014 shares of £15 each and 53,972 shares of £7 10s. each; of the former 64,572 are issued, and of the latter 53,972. The calls paid amount to £1,373,370. Upon 75 shares forfeited the sum of £565 has been paid. The total amount of shares for which share warrants comprising 5 shares each are outstanding, is £7,575, and comprising 1 share each, is: £450. The total amount of share warrants, comprising 858 shares surrendered since the last summary, is £12,870.

Five agreements of 18th inst. state that in an agreement of 18th April, 1888, with the London Platino-Brazilian Telegraph Company, Limited, it was provided that the Western Company should issue by way of Exchange, 3 shares of the nominal value of £15 each for every 5 shares of £10 each in the Platino Company credited as fully paid up, to every member of the Platino Company who should within 14 days after the confirmation of the said agreement, or during such extended period as might be agreed upon, should apply for the same. The said period has expired, but the following holders of shares in the Platino are desirous of exchanging their shares for fully paid shares in the Western Company, and it is provided that the same be allotted as follows::

36 Western shares are also to be allotted to the partners of the firm of Sousa, Irmnos & Co.

South of England Telephone Company.-The annual return of this company made up to the 11th inst. was filed on the 16th inst. The nominal capital is £400,000, divided into 300,000 ordinary shares of £1 each, and 20,000 preference shares of £5 each, the whole of which are taken up. The whole of the ordinary shares are considered as fully paid, and £3 per share has been called upon the preference shares. The calls paid amount to £59,817 10s., and unpaid to £182 10s.

Woodhouse and Rawson, Limited. The last return filed by this company is made up to the 11th January, and was filed on the 19th January, 1889. The nominal