EDWARD EVERETT HALE (1822-1909) Of the later Boston group' of writers, born within a decade of each other and educated at Harvard,- Lowell, Story, Parkman, Dana, Higginson, Norton, and others, the most versatile and voluminous, perhaps, was Edward Everett Hale, who, graduating at seventeen, filled seventy years with almost incessant literary productiveness. He was active in many lines: he was a preacher of power, a lecturer, social reformer, philanthropist, and editor, and he was author and editor of more than sixty books, histories, essays, short stories, biographies, sermons, prayers. In his last years he served as Chaplain of the United States Senate. As a director of the thinking of his generation he was an undoubted power, but it is now seen that little that he wrote is destined to be of permanent value. His most distinctive literary accomplishment was his short story The Man Without a Country,' 1863, already an American classic. Several other short stories of his have undoubted value. In the evolution of this distinctive literary form in America, Hale added several new elements, notably verisimilitude, the art of making the improbable and the impossible seem plausible and even convincing. MY DOUBLE, AND HOW HE 10 It is not often that I trouble the readers of the Atlantic Monthly. I should not trouble them now, but for the importunities of my wife, who feels to insist' that a duty to society is unfulfilled till I have told why I had to have a double, and how he undid me. She is sure, she says, that intelligent persons cannot understand that pressure upon public servants which alone drives any man into the employment of a double. And while I fear she thinks, at the bottom of her heart, 15 that my fortunes will never be remade, she has a faint hope that, as another Rasselas, I may teach a lesson to future publics, from which they may profit, though we die. Owing to the behavior of my double, 20 or, if you please, to that public pressure which compelled me to employ him, I have plenty of leisure to write this communication. the confidential friend in a hundred fam- The truth is, that this vision was not in itself a delusion, nor, indeed, half bright enough. If one could only have been left to do his own business, the vision would have accomplished itself and brought out new paraheliacal visions, each as bright as the original. The misery was and is, as we found out, I and Polly, before long, that besides the vision, and 25 besides the usual human and finite failures in life (such as breaking the old pitcher that came over in the Mayflower, and putting into the fire the alpenstock with which her father climbed Mont Blanc) - besides these, I say (imitating the style of Robinson Crusoe), there were pitchforked in on us a great rowen-heap of humbugs, handed down from some unknown seed-time, in which we were expected, and I chiefly, to fulfil certain public functions before the community, of the character of those fulfilled by the third row of supernumeraries who stand be I am, or rather was, a minister of the Sandemanian connection. I was settled in the active, wide-awake town of Naguadavick, on one of the finest water-powers in Maine. We used to call it a western town in the heart of the civilization of 30 New England. A charming place it was and is. A spirited, brave young parish had I; and it seemed as if we might have all the joy of eventful living' to our heart's content. Alas! how little we knew on the day of my ordination, and in those halcyon monents of our first housekeeping. To be 35 hind the Sepoys in the spectacle of the Crazed by this duality of life, I first read Dr. Wigan on the Duality of the Brain, hoping that I could train one side of my head to do these outside jobs, and the other to do my intimate and real duties. For Richard Greenough once told me, that, in studying for the statue of Franklin, he found that the left side of the great man's face was philosophic and reflective, and the right side funny and smiling. If you will go and look at the bronze statue you will find he has repeated this observation there for posterity. The eastern profile is the portrait of the statesman Franklin, the western of poor Richard. But Dr. Wigan does not go into these niceties of this subject, and I failed. It was then that, on my wife's suggestion, I resolved to look out for a double. his right eye, slightly affecting the play of that eyebrow. Reader, so have I! My fate was sealed! A word with Mr. Holley, one of the in5 spectors, settled the whole thing. It proved that this Dennis Shea was a harmless, amiable fellow, of the class known as shiftless, who had sealed his fate by marrying a dumb wife, who was at that moment ironing in the laundry. Before I left Stafford I had hired both for five years. We had applied to Judge Pynchon, then the probate judge at Springfield, to change the name of Dennis Shea to Frederic Ingham. We had explained to the Judge what was the precise truth, that an eccentric gentleman wished to adopt Dennis, under this new name, into his family. It never occurred to him that Dennis might be more than fourteen years old. And thus, to shorten this preface, when we returned at night to my parsonage at Naguadavick, there entered Mrs. Ingham, her new dumb laundress, myself, who am Mr. Frederic Ingham, and my double, who was Mr. Frederic Ingham by as good right as I. 20 I was, at first, singularly successful. We happened to be recreating at Stafford 40 Springs that summer. We rode out one day, for one of the relaxations of that watering-place, to the great Monson Poorhouse. We were passing through one of the large halls, when my destiny was ful- 45 filled! I saw my man! He was not shaven. He had on no spectacles. He was dressed in a green baize roundabout and faded blue overalls, worn sadly at the knee. But I saw at 50 once that he was of my height, five feet four and a half. He had black hair, worn off by his hat. So have and have not I. He stooped in walking. So do I. His hands were large, and mine. And — 55 choicest gift of Fate in all he had, not a strawberry mark on his left arm,' but a cut from a juvenile brickbat over Oh, the fun we had the next morning in shaving his beard to my pattern, cutting his hair to match mine, and teaching him how to wear and how to take off goldbowed spectacles! Really, they were electro-plate, and the glass was plain (for the poor fellow's eyes were excellent). Then in four successive afternoons I taught him four speeches. I had found these would be quite enough for the supernumerary-Sepoy line of life, and it was well for me they were; for though he was good-natured, he was very shiftless, and it was, as our national proverb says, 'like pulling teeth' to teach him. But at the end of the next week he could say, with quite my easy and frisky air,— 1. Very well, thank you. And you?' This for an answer to casual salutations. 2. I am very glad you liked it.' pageants which require a black dress-coat and what the ungodly call, after Mr. Dickens, a white choker, that in the happy retreat of my own dressing-gowns and jackets my days went by as happily and cheaply as those of another Thalaba. And Polly declares there was never a year when the tailoring cost so little. He lived (Dennis, not Thalaba) in his wife's room over the kitchen. He had orders never to 10 show himself at that window. When he appeared in the front of the house I retired to my sanctissimum and my dressing-gown. In short, the Dutchman and his wife, in the old weather-box, had not 15 less to do with each other than he and I. He made the furnace-fire and split the wood before daylight; then he went to sleep again, and slept late; then came for orders, with a red silk bandanna tied 20 round his head, with his overalls on, and his dresscoat and spectacles off. If we happened to be interrupted, no one guessed that he was Frederic Ingham as well as I; and, in the neighborhood, there grew up 25 an impression that the minister's Irishman worked daytimes in the factory village at New Coventry. After I had given him his orders, I never saw him till the next day. 30 I launched him by sending him to a meeting of the Enlightenment Board. The Enlightenment Board consists of seventy-four members, of whom sixtyseven are necessary to form a quorum. 35 One becomes a member under the regulations laid down in old Judge Dudley's will. I became one by being ordained pastor of a church in Naguadavick. You see you cannot help yourself if you would. 40 At this particular time we had had four successive meetings, averaging four hours. each, wholly occupied in whipping in a quorum. At the first only eleven men were present; at the next, by force of 45 three circulars, twenty-seven; at the third, thanks to two days' canvassing by Auchmuty and myself, begging men to come, we had sixty. Half the others were in Europe. But without a quorum we could do 50 nothing. All the rest of us waited grimly for our four hours, and adjourned without any action. At the fourth meeting we had flagged, and only got fifty-nine together. But on the first appearance of my double 55 -whom I sent on this fatal Monday to the fifth meeting - he was the sixtyseventh man who entered the room. He 5 was greeted with a storm of applause! The poor fellow had missed his way read the street signs ill through his spectacles (very ill, in fact, without them)— and had not dared to inquire. He entered the room, finding the president and secretary holding to their chairs two judges of the Supreme Court, who were also members ex officio and were begging leave to go away. On his entrance all was changed. Presto, the by-laws were amended, and the western property was given away. Nobody stopped to converse with him. He voted, as I had charged him to do, in every instance, with the minority. I won new laurels as a man of sense, though a little unpunctual — and Dennis, alias Ingham, returned to the parsonage, astonished to see with how little wisdom the world is governed. He cut a few of my parishioners in the street; but he had his glasses off, and I am known to be near-sighted. Eventually he recognized them more readily than İ. I'set him again' at the exhibition of the New Coventry Academy; and here he undertook a speaking part - as, in my boyish, worldly days, I remember the bills used to say of Mlle. Celeste. We are all trustees of the New Coventry Academy; and there has lately been a good deal of feeling' because the Sandemanians are leaning toward Free-Will, and that we have, therefore, neglected these semi-annual exhibitions, while there is no doubt that Auchmuty last year went to Commencement at Waterville. Now the head master at New Coventry is a real good fellow, who knows a Sanskrit root when he sees it, and often cracks etymologies with me; so that, in strictness, I ought to go to their exhibitions. But think, reader, of sitting through three long July days in that Academy chapel, following the program from TUESDAY MORNING. English ComposiSUNRISE.' Miss Jones. tion. him to the Academy. (Shade of Plato, pardon!) He arrived early on Tuesday, when, indeed, few but mothers and clergymen are generally expected, and returned in the evening to us, covered with honors. He had dined at the right hand of the chairman, and he spoke in high terms of the repast. The chairman had expressed his interest in the French conversation. I am very glad you liked it,' said Den- 10 nis; and the poor chairman, abashed, supposed the accent had been wrong. At the end of the day the gentlemen present had been called upon for speeches - the Rev. Frederic Ingham first, as it happened; 15 upon which Dennis had risen, and had said: There has been so much said, and, on the whole, so well said, that I will not occupy the time.' The girls were delighted, because Dr. Dabney, the year be- 2 fore, had given them at this occasion a scolding on impropriety of behavior at lyceum lectures. They all declared Mr. Ingham was a love- and so handsome! (Dennis is good looking.) Three of them, 25 with arms behind the others' waists, followed him up to the wagon he rode home in; and a little girl with a blue sash had been sent to give him a rosebud. After this début in speaking, he went to the ex- 30 hibition for two days more, to the mutual satisfaction of all concerned. Indeed, Polly reported that he had pronounced the trustees' dinners of a higher grade than those of the parsonage. When the next term began I found six of the Academy girls had obtained permission to come across the river to attend our church. But this arrangement did not long continue. After this he went to several Com- 40 mencements for me, and ate the dinners provided. He sat through three of our Quarterly Conventions for me- always voting judiciously, by the simple rule mentioned above, of siding with the mi- 45 nority. And I, meanwhile, who had before been losing caste among my friends, as holding myself aloof from the associations of the body, began to rise in everybody's favor. Ingham's a good fellow, 50 always on hand; never talks much, but does the right thing at the right time;' 'is not as unpunctual as he used to be he comes early, and sits through to the end.' He has got over his old talkative habit, 55 too. I spoke to a friend of his about it once; and I think Ingham took it kindly,' etc., etc. This voting power of Dennis was particularly valuable at the quarterly meetings of the proprietors of the Naguadavick Ferry. My wife inherited from her 5 father some shares in that enterprise, which is not yet fully developed, though it doubtless will become a very valuable property. The law of Maine then forbade stockholders to appear by proxy at such meetings. Polly disliked to go, not being, in fact, a 'hens'-rights hen,' transferred her stock to me. I, after going once, disliked it more than she. But Dennis went to the next meeting, and liked it very much. He said the armchairs were good, the collation good, and the free rides to stockholders pleasant. He was a little frightened when they first took him upon one of the ferry-boats, but after two or three quarterly meetings he became quite brave. Thus far I never had any difficulty with him. Indeed, being, as I implied, of that type which is called shiftless, he was only too happy to be told daily what to do, and to be charged not to be forthputting or in any way original in his discharge of that duty. He learned, however, to discriminate between the lines of his life, and very much preferred these stockholders' meetings and trustees' dinners and Commencement collations to another set of occasions, from which he used to beg off most piteously. Our excellent brother, Dr. Fillmore, had taken a notion at this time that our Sandemanian churches needed more expression of mutual sympathy. He insisted upon it that we were remiss. He said that if the bishop came to preach at Naguadavick all the Episcopal clergy of the neighborhood were present; if Dr. Pond came, all the Congregational clergymen turned out to hear him; if Dr. Nichols, all the Unitarians; and he thought we owed it to each other, that, whenever there was an occasional service at a Sandemanian church, the other brethren should all, if possible, attend. It looked well,' if nothing more. Now this really meant that I had not been to hear one of Dr. Fillmore's lectures on the Ethnology of Religion. He forgot that he did not hear one of my course on the Sandemanianism of Anselm.' But I felt badly when he said it; and afterwards I always made Dennis go to hear all the brethren preach, when I was not preaching myself. This was what he took exceptions to the only thing, as I said, which he ever did except to. Now came the advantage of his long morning nap, and of the green tea with which Polly supplied the kitchen. But he would plead, so humbly, to be let off, only from one or two! I never excepted him, however. I knew the lectures were of value, and I thought it best he should be able to keep the connection. the beech for stakes to fence our cave, she dies of laughing as she recalls it, and says that single occasion was worth all we have paid for it. Gallant Eve that she 5 is! She joined Dennis at the library-door, and in an instant presented him to Dr. Ochterlong, from Baltimore, who was on a visit in town, and was talking with her as Dennis came in. Mr. Ingham 10 would like to hear what you were telling us about your success among the German population.' And Dennis bowed and said. in spite of a scowl from Polly, 'I'm very glad you liked it.' But Dr. Ochterlong did not observe, and plunged into the tide of explanation; Dennis listening like a prime minister, and bowing like a mandarin, which is, I suppose, the same thing. Polly declared it was just like Haliburton's Latin conversation with the Hungarian minister, of which he is very fond of telling. 'Quane sit historia Reformationis in Ungaria?' quoth Haliburton, after some thought. And his confrère replied gallantly, 'In seculo decimo tertio,' etc., etc.. etc.; and from decimo tertio to the nineteenth century and a half lasted till the oysters came. So was it that before Dr. Ochterlong came to the success,' or near it, Governor Gorges came to Dennis, and asked him to hand Mrs. Jeffries down to supper, a request which he heard with great joy. Polly is more rash than I am, as the reader has observed in the outset of this memoir. She risked Dennis one night under the eyes of her own sex. Governor Gorges had always been very kind to us, 15 and, when he gave his great annual party to the town, asked us. I confess I hated to go. I was deep in the new volume of Pfeiffer's Mystics, which Haliburton had just sent me from Boston. But how 20 rude,' said Polly, not to return the Governor's civility and Mrs. Gorges', when they will be sure to ask why you are away!' Still I demurred, and at last she, with the wit of Eve and of Semiramis 25 conjoined, let me off by saying that if I would go in with her, and sustain the initial conversations with the Governor and ladies staying there, we would risk Dennis for the rest of the evening. And 30 that was just what we did. She took Dennis in training all that afternoon, instructed him in fashionable conversation, cautioned him against the temptations of the supper-table and at nine in the 35 evening he drove us all down in the carryall. I made the grand star entrée with Polly and the pretty Walton girls, who were staying with us. We had put Dennis into a great rough top-coat, without 40 his glasses; and the girls never dreamed, in the darkness, of looking at him. He sat in the carriage, at the door, while we entered. I did the agreeable to Mrs. Gorges, was introduced to her niece, Miss 45 Fernanda; I complimented Judge Jeffries on his decision in the great case of D'Aulnay vs. Laconia Mining Company; I stepped into the dressing-room for a moment, stepped out for another, walked 50 home after a nod with Dennis and tying the horse to a pump: - and while I walked home, Mr. Frederic Ingham, my double, stepped in through the library into the Gorges' grand saloon. Oh! Polly died of laughing as she told me of it at midnight! And even here, where I have to teach my hands to hew Polly was skipping round the room, I guess, gay as a lark. Auchmuty came to her in pity for poor Ingham,' who was so bored by the stupid pundit; and Auchmuty could not understand why I stood so long. But when Dennis took Mrs. Jeffries down, Polly could not resist standing near them. He was a little flustered, till the sight of the eatables and drinkables gave him the same Mercian courage which it gave Diggory. A little excited then. he attempted one or two of his speeches to the judge's lady. But little he knew how hard it was to get in even a promptu there edgewise. Very well, I thank you,' said he, after the eating elements were adjusted; and you?' And then did not he have to hear about the mumps, and the measles, and arnica, and belladonna, and camomile-flower, and dodecatheon, till she changed oysters for salad; and then about 55 the old practice and the new, and what her sister said, and what her sister's friend said, and what the physician to her sister's friend said, and then what was said |