Atom, Molecule, and Cluster Beams II: Cluster Beams, Fast and Slow Beams, Accessory Equipment and ApplicationsSpringer Science & Business Media, 27.09.2000 - 374 Seiten This book completes the physical foundations and experimental techniques described in volume 1 with an updated review of the accessory equipment indispensable in molecular beam experiments. It extends the subject to cluster beams and beams of hyperthermal and subthermal energies. As in volume 1, a special effort is made to outline the physical foundations of the various experimental techniques. Hence this book is intended not only as a reference standard for researchers in the field, but also to bring the flavor of current molecular beam research to advanced undergraduates and graduate students and to enable them to gain a solid background in the field and its technique. |
Inhalt
1 Fast Beams Production and Detection | 1 |
11 Charge Exchange | 4 |
111 GroundState Particles | 6 |
112 Metastable Particles | 13 |
113 Rydberg Atoms | 17 |
12 Neutralization of Negative Ions by Electron Detachment | 18 |
122 Collisional Detachment | 21 |
13 Neutralization of Ions by Collisions with Metal Surfaces | 22 |
33 Doppler Shift Measurements | 171 |
331 Experimental Technique and Resolution | 172 |
332 Measurements of Differential Scattering Cross Sections | 175 |
34 Deflection in Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields | 177 |
341 TwoWire Field | 178 |
342 Magnetic Hexapole Fields | 184 |
35 Deflection by Gravity | 191 |
36 Determination of the de Broglie Wavelength | 193 |
14 Aerodynamic Acceleration | 24 |
15 Plasma and Gas Discharge Sources | 29 |
152 Radiofrequency Discharges | 34 |
154 Hollow Cathode Discharges | 37 |
16 Laser Ablation | 39 |
17 Sputtering | 42 |
18 Photolysis | 48 |
182 GasPhase Measurements | 49 |
19 ElectronStimulated Desorption | 50 |
110 Other Methods | 51 |
1102 Shock Waves | 52 |
111 Some Examples of Fast Beam Applications | 53 |
1112 Photofragment Translational Spectroscopy | 56 |
1113 Precision Measurements of Lifetimes | 57 |
1114 Merged Beams | 59 |
1115 Injection of Fast Beams into Fusion Plasmas | 62 |
1116 Fast Beam Methods for Plasma Diagnostics | 63 |
112 Fast Beam Detection | 65 |
1122 Bolometer and Pyroelectric Detectors | 67 |
1123 LaserInduced Fluorescence | 68 |
1125 CollisionInduced Fluorescence | 69 |
2 Production and Diagnostics of Cluster Beams | 71 |
21 Survey of Methods for Cluster Formation | 75 |
22 Supersonic Jets | 77 |
221 Influence of Nozzle Shape | 78 |
222 Influence of Carrier Gases | 80 |
223 Technical Realization of Cluster Sources | 81 |
23 Gas Aggregation | 82 |
24 Surface Erosion | 85 |
241 Sputtering | 86 |
242 Laser Ablation | 87 |
243 Pulsed Arc Discharges | 89 |
244 Liquid Metal Ion Sources LMIS | 91 |
25 LaserInduced Pyrolysis | 92 |
252 Multiphoton Infrared Dissociation and Photosensitization | 93 |
253 Source Design and Applications | 95 |
26 Doping of Clusters and Production of Mixed Clusters | 96 |
261 Formation of Mixed Clusters by Coexpansion | 97 |
264 Cluster Aggregation | 99 |
265 Laser Ablation | 100 |
266 Pulsed Arc Discharges | 101 |
28 Determination of Size Distributions in Cluster Beams | 102 |
282 Light Scattering | 105 |
283 Gas Scattering | 107 |
284 Atom Diffraction | 120 |
285 Mass Spectrometric Methods | 122 |
286 Other Methods | 125 |
29 Some Cluster Applications | 132 |
292 Cluster Impact Lithography | 133 |
293 Examples of Experimental Results | 134 |
294 Cluster Beams in High Energy Physics | 136 |
3 Velocity Measurement and Selection | 137 |
31 Mechanical Selectors | 138 |
311 Slotted Disk Velocity Selector Fizeau Principle | 139 |
312 Calibration | 150 |
313 Special Designs | 152 |
314 Slotted Cylinder Velocity Selector | 153 |
315 Other Designs | 154 |
32 TimeofFlight Methods | 156 |
321 Resolution and Methods of Deconvolution | 157 |
322 CrossCorrelation Method | 161 |
323 Experimental Details | 164 |
324 Calibration | 169 |
362 Diffraction from Transmission Gratings | 195 |
4 State Selection | 197 |
41 Potentials of CylinderSymmetric and Planar Fields | 199 |
411 Monopole Field | 200 |
412 Multipole Fields | 201 |
413 TwoDimensional Periodic Fields | 202 |
42 Deflection in Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields | 204 |
422 TwoWire Field RabiField | 206 |
423 Quadrupole Sector Field | 211 |
424 TwoPole Field | 213 |
43 Deflection in Inhomogeneous Electrostatic Fields | 220 |
431 Effective Electric Dipole Moment of Molecules | 221 |
432 Rabi and TwoPole Fields | 222 |
433 Electrostatic Multipole Fields | 224 |
434 Other Fields | 230 |
441 ThreeDimensional Quadrupole Fields | 232 |
442 Ioffe Trap | 233 |
45 Nonadiabatic Majorana Transitions | 234 |
46 Technical Details | 235 |
47 Applications of State Selection by Inhomogeneous Fields | 240 |
472 Cesium Frequency and Time Standard | 242 |
473 Atomic and Molecular Collisions | 244 |
474 Cluster Investigations | 247 |
475 Atomic Polarizabilities | 248 |
476 State Analysis | 249 |
478 Miscellaneous Applications | 250 |
48 Optical Methods for State Selection | 251 |
481 Optical Pumping | 252 |
483 Selective Population of an Atomic State | 254 |
484 Selective Population of a Molecular State | 255 |
485 TwoPhoton Processes | 257 |
486 Photodissociation | 260 |
488 Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage STIRAP | 263 |
5 Slow Atom Beams Traps and Atom Optics | 267 |
51 Radiation Pressure Forces | 268 |
511 Photon Recoil Force | 269 |
512 Optical Dipole Force | 271 |
513 Optical Beam Slowing by Photon Recoil | 273 |
514 Atomic Beam Deflection by Photon Recoil | 278 |
52 Trapping and Cooling of Atoms | 282 |
522 Atom Traps | 284 |
523 Atom Traps as Sources for Slow and Cold Atoms | 287 |
524 Methods of Beam Compression | 289 |
53 Examples of Applications | 291 |
532 Atomic Collision Processes | 292 |
533 BoseEinstein Condensation | 293 |
534 Photoassociative Spectroscopy | 295 |
535 Atom Lithography | 297 |
54 Atom Optics | 298 |
541 AtomOptical Elements | 299 |
542 Lenses | 300 |
543 Mirrors | 303 |
544 Atom Waveguides | 308 |
545 Diffraction Gratings | 309 |
546 Prisms | 315 |
55 Atom Interferometry | 316 |
551 A MachZehnder Interferometer | 317 |
552 Some Experimental Results | 318 |
References | 323 |
369 | |
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
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