Open Air Crusaders: A Report of the Elizabeth McCormick Open Air School, Together with a General Account of Open Air School Work in Chicago and a Chapter on School VentilationSherman Colver Kingsley United charities of Chicago, 1910 - 107 Seiten |
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Age Grade 12 Ass'n attendance average baths blanket Board of Education bread breathing CAMP ALGONQUIN carbon dioxide cents Chapter Charities of Chicago Chicago Public School Chicago Tuberculosis Institute child clothing CO₂ cold air cold weather comfort culosis currents December 14 disease dollars a week Elizabeth McCormick Open Eskimo suits father Frank E fresh air Gauntlet gloves Graham School heat hot dry air HUMIDIFYING humidity improvement Incipient and predisposed lunch Mary Crane Nursery matron McCormick Open Air milk month mother Number of children Open Air Crusaders open air room Open Air School Open tuberculosis Open Window School Outdoor School physician pneumonia Potter Palmer predisposed tuberculosis Public School Extension pupils roof school building school children School Extension Committee school room shelter tent showed sleep supply teacher temperature tuber tubercular tuberculous United Charities ventilating engineers ventilating system volume of air warm winter York City ΙΟ
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Seite 96 - Blowing Out of the Rooms : During the recess periods the air in the room should be blown out by raising all the windows and opening all of the doors. This lowers the bacterial count of the air of the room about ninety-five per cent. It blows out contagion of all kinds. It freshens the air, makes it bracing. It should get back to about 50° F. by the time the students come in. They have been running and playing and they will warm the room to 60° F., in a very few minutes. Dust: The dust should be...
Seite 31 - I would rather sit on a pumpkin and have it all to myself, than be crowded on a velvet cushion. I would rather ride on earth in an ox cart with a free circulation, than go to heaven in the fancy car of an excursion train and breathe a malaria all the way.
Seite 44 - The only air available from dark till sunrise is "night air." Breathe it. j* j* Switzerland requires her school children to be in the open air at least ten minutes out of every school hour.
Seite 83 - ... floor space for games and dancing. Common wooden chairs or kindergarten chairs take the place of seats, and long tables of simple construction replace the old form of rigid desks. The children sit in the school room clad in the clothing which protects them on the way to school. They keep all that clothing on, if they choose, or lay aside their caps, mittens, overshoes, and coats if they feel uncomfortable with them on. During the year no money was paid out for any sort of clothing to protect...
Seite 83 - No selection of individuals was made except that as children entered the school for their first year's work they were given their choice of entering a cold room or a warm one. Of course some pains were taken to inform the parents in advance as to what it was expected the cold air would do. After several weeks of trial in which zero weather was encountered and no bad effects followed, teachers, parents and pupils, seeing what had been done for those in the two rooms, asked for rooms in the other grades...
Seite 97 - When the department became established in new well-ventilated quarters, the loss was reduced to 10,114 days' absence on account of illness, although the working force was much larger. In the printing establishment of Mr. CJ O'Brien, in New York, a ventilation system was installed because of the insistence of the State Department of Labor that the law be complied with, the order having been resisted for two years. After the system had been...
Seite 41 - The teacher, the supervisor of the school work, as well as the desks, blackboards, and all equipment were provided by the Board of Education. No heat whatever was furnished in the tent, but heated soapstones were placed at the feet in extremely cold weather. No one seemed to have difficulty at any time in handling pen or pencil although the thermometer often went below zero. Outside of the inclosed tent was a large shelter tent which 103 consisted simply of a canvas top, without sides, to protect...
Seite 97 - Mass. — a long room having a capacity of 30,000 cu. ft., extending from front to back of a business block. Fifty or sixty women are employed in this room as operators. "During the warmer months no difficulty has ever been experienced in ventilating the room by means of large windows at each end and by the use of electric fans. In the winter time, however, it was impossible to secure adequate natural ventilation without undue exposure to drafts. In the spring of 1907 a simple but efficient system...
Seite 98 - ... That carbon dioxide, as encountered in working practice, is not the harmful agent of major importance in expired air or air otherwise contaminated. 2. That a temperature of 68 degrees Fahrenheit with a proper relative humidity is the proper maximum temperature for living rooms artificially heated.
Seite 97 - In certain buildings where the results of changing from poor to good ventilation have been carefully observed, a marked improvement in the general health of the occupants has been manifest. For example: The records of the United States Pension Bureau show that when the offices of the Department were located in scattered and poorly ventilated buildings 18,736 days were lost by employees through illness in one year, and about the same number for several successive years. "When the Department became...