Discourse on Civility and BarbarityOxford University Press, 04.12.2007 - 368 Seiten In recent years scholars have begun to question the usefulness of the category of ''religion'' to describe a distinctive form of human experience and behavior. In his last book, The Ideology of Religious Studies (OUP 2000), Timothy Fitzgerald argued that ''religion'' was not a private area of human existence that could be separated from the public realm and that the study of religion as such was thus impossibility. In this new book he examines a wide range of English-language texts to show how religion became transformed from a very specific category indigenous to Christian culture into a universalist claim about human nature and society. These claims, he shows, are implied by and frequently explicit in theories and methods of comparative religion. But they are also tacitly reproduced throughout the humanities in the relatively indiscriminate use of ''religion'' as an a priori valid cross-cultural analytical concept, for example in historiography, sociology, and social anthropology. Fitzgerald seeks to link the argument about religion to the parallel formation of the ''non-religious'' and such dichotomies as church-state, sacred-profane, ecclesiastical-civil, spiritual-temporal, supernatural-natural, and irrational-rational. Part of his argument is that the category ''religion'' has a different logic compared to the category ''sacred,'' but the two have been consistently confused by major writers, including Durkheim and Eliade. Fitzgerald contends that ''religion'' imagined as a private belief in the supernatural was a necessary conceptual space for the simultaneous imagining of ''secular'' practices and institutions such as politics, economics, and the Nation State. The invention of ''religion'' as a universal type of experience, practice, and institution was partly the result of sacralizing new concepts of exchange, ownership, and labor practices, applying ''scientific'' rationality to human behavior, administering the colonies and classifying native institutions. In contrast, shows Fitzgerald, the sacred-profane dichotomy has a different logic of use. |
Inhalt
3 | |
The Critical Study of Religion | 43 |
Religion and Secular Sacred and Profane | 71 |
4 On Civility and Barbarity | 109 |
5 Luther Calvin and Henry VIIIs Formularies of Faith | 143 |
6 English Historical Documents 14851558 | 165 |
7 Samuel Purchas His Pilgrimage | 193 |
8 English Historical Documents 16601832 | 231 |
9 Religion State and American Constitutionalism | 267 |
10 Postscript on Civility and Barbarity in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries | 301 |
Notes | 313 |
325 | |
337 | |
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American Amerindians Anglican Anglophone arguably argued authority Bailyn barbarian belief Browning Catholic chapter Christ Christian Truth church civil religion civilised civility and barbarity colonial common commonweal concept concerned Constitution constructed context culture deism dichotomy disciplines discourses on religion Dissenters distinction domain economics encomienda encompassing England English English-language essentialised essentially European example faith gion God’s hierarchy historian human idea ideology implies Indians Islam John Locke king king’s language ligion Locke lord lords spiritual Majesty’s meaning medieval missionaries modern sense Muhammad Abdul Bari nation natural neutral nonreligious nuance one’s pagan Pagden Parliament Phythian-Adams practices princes problem profane Protestant Purchas Quentin Skinner refer relation religion and politics religious studies rhetorical ritual Roman sacred salvation Samuel Purchas says Scottish Enlightenment secular seems separation seventeenth century social society spiritual suggest superstitions texts things tion trade traditional U.S. Constitution usage Vitoria Williams word