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entiam parvi aestimavĕrant. 12. Pater filium sepelivit. 13. Puĕri patrem sepelivěrant.

(b) 1. The boy has heard a voice. 2. The boys had heard their father's voice. 3. The slave had shown the way to the shepherd. 4. They will have shown the house to their master.

6. He has praised his horse in pieces. 8. 9. They had valued easy to keep (one's)

5. Caius had praised his son. slaves. 7. The lion has torn the The fox had frightened the boy. wisdom at a low price. 10. It is word. 11. It is difficult to appease anger. 12. He has appeased the boy's anger with a gift.

LESSON XXXVI.

Third Conjugation.-Class I.—Second Root the same as the First.

197. MOST verbs of the third conjugation may be divided into two classes, viz.:

1) Those which have the second root the same as the first.

2) Those which form it by the addition of s.

198. The first class comprises most verbs of this conjugation which have the first root in a vowel, together with a few which have it in a consonant; e. g.,

Suĕrě, to sew:
Defenderě, to defend:

.

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199. The manner in which the third persons of the tenses for completed action are formed from the second root, has already been explained. See 193, 194.

PARADIGM.

THIRD CONJUGATION.

Defenderě, to defend: 1st root, defend; 2d root, defend.

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200. The Preposition is the part of speech which expresses the various relations of objects; * e. g.,

Rex per urbem ambŭlābăt.

(The king through the city was walking.)
The king was walking through the city.

REM.-In this example, per, through, is a preposition.

201. PARTIAL RULE OF SYNTAX.-Some prepositions govern the accusative, and some the ablative. REM. 1.-Whenever a preposition occurs in the exercises, its particu lar case will be given in the vocabularies.

REM. 2. The accusative, urbem, in the above example, is governed by the preposition pĕr.

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* It will be remembered, however, that certain relations are some. times expressed by the cases of nouns (63, 80, 86).

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(a) 1. Privātum aedificium incendit. 2. Reliqua privāta aedificia incenderant. 3. Puellae vestem suērunt. 4. Patres annuĕrant. 5. Milites urbem defendĕrant. 6. Romāni urbem defenderunt.

7. Reliquas legiones in acie constituit. 8. Ursi in antro dormivērunt. 9. Agricola per urbem ambulavit. 10. Non respuit conditionem Caesar. 11. Diem concilio constituerunt. 12. Diem concilio constituerit. 13. Servus viam monstraverat. 14. Puer mortem timuit. 15. Humānum est mortem timēre. 16. Impiï est fidem violare.

6

(6) 1. The king has appointed a day for the battle. 2. They had appointed a day for the council. 3. The soldiers defended the building. 4. They had defended the poet's house. 5. The queen assented.

king had not assented.

6. The

7. The good boy will walk in the city. 8. The poet's daughter had walked through the great city. 9. They will set the house of the poet on fire. 10. It is the duty' of a good man to defend the house of a friend. 11. The avaricious (man) will build a small house. 12. They will not defend the house of the avaricious. 13. They will not reject the condition. 14. Caesar had rejected the terms. 15. He will have arranged his sol

diers in order of battle. 16. They had arranged their

voldiers in order of battle.

LESSON XXXVII.

Third Conjugation.-Class II.-Second Root formed by adding s to the First.

204. VERBS of the third conjugation which have the first root in a consonant, generally form the second from it by the addition of s; e. g.,

Carpěrě, to pluck; 1st root, carp; 2d root, carps.

Rēpěrě, to creep;

rēp;

reps.

REM.-When 6 stands at the end of the first root, it is changed into p before s in the second; e. g.,

Scriběrě, to write; scrīb; scrips (not scribs).

Nūběrě, to marry; nūb; nups (not nubs).

205. An adjective modifying the subject is sometimes used in Latin instead of an adverb modifying the verb; e. g.,

Portăm invitus claudět.

(Lat. Id.) The gate unwilling he will shut (adj.). (Eng. Id.) He will shut the gate unwillingly (adv.).

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207. Excercises.

(a) 1. Caius epistolas sua manu scripsit. 2. Puella epistolam sua manu scripserat. 3. Puĕri lanam carpsērunt. 4. Malus pastor deglupsit oves.

5. Facile est* lanam carpere. 6. Pater meus fidem servaverat. 7. Turpe est fidem suam non servāre. 8. Sapientis est virtutem magni aestimare. 9. Virtutem magni aestimavĕrint.

(b) 1. The boy has written a letter in his own hand. 2. The girl had written letters in her own hand. 3. They wrote letters. 4. The girl has plucked a flower. 5. The shepherd's daughter had gathered flowers with her own hand.

6. The boy will pluck the grape. 7. It is easy to pluck the grape. 8. The girls were gathering flowers. 9. They had gathered flowers. 10. It is easy to gather flowers. 11. The slaves will card the wool. 12. They will have carded the wool. 13. In winter the bear will sleep in the cave. 14. In summer the girls will play in the garden.

LESSON XXXVIII.

Third Conjugation.-Class II., continued.-Second Root formed by adding s to the First.

208. WHEN a k-sound (c, g, h, qu) stands at the end of the first root, it generally unites, in the second, with the s which is added, and forms x (i. e. cs, gs, hs, or qus becomes x); e. g.,

* What is the subject of est? (608, 2.)

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