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er, or, os, es, in-do, go, io, as, is, ys, a, e, i, y, c, l, n, t,

aus, s impure, ar, ur, and us

creasing in gen.

Dec. III.

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Dec. IV. us.

Dec. V.

ēs.

ů.

(For exceptions see Table of Genders [579]).

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* The inclosed endings belong to Greek nouns, many of which, being proper names (of men and women), have natural gender.

Preceded by a consonant.

Accĭpĕre forms its imperfect and future tenses like verbs of the fourth conjugation. (See 270, 271.)

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Achilles, being a Greek noun. is declined like Pericles (174),

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(a) 1. Aeneas, Anchīsae filius, urbem condebat. 2. Ascanius, Aeneae filius, regnum accipit. 3. Dido Carthaginem condēbat. 4. Epitomen orationis suae scribet.

5. Caesar milites omnes educebat. 6. Industria multum voluptatis habet. 7. Labōrem suum finiet. 8. Horti nostri multos flores habent. 9. Servus pueros vocabit.

(b) 1. Aeneas was founding Rome. 2. The son of Anchises was founding Rome. 3. Aeneas, the son of Anchises, was founding the city of Rome (the city Rome) 4. The Trojan hero loves queen Dido. 5. They will kill the Trojan hero.

6. They are reading an abridgment of the history. 7. The soldiers praise Caesar. 8. Aeneas praises his father Anchises. 9. The Trojans fear Achilles. 10. Achilles was slaying the Trojans. 11. The soldier is showing his sword to the boy. 12. They will show their swords to the boys.

* Dido is sometimes declined regularly, as a Latin noun of the third declension, and sometimes has the genitive in us, and all the other cases like the nom.

LESSON XXXIII.

Verbs.-Esse, to be. Predicate, Esse, with a Noun or

an Adjective.

178. Essě, to be, is an irregular verb (i. e., it does not belong to either of the four conjugations already noticed), and gives us in the third persons of the present, imperfect, and future tenses, the following

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179. The predicate of a proposition is sometimes expressed by the verb essě (to be), with a noun or an adjective; e. g.,

1. Terră est rotundă.

The earth is round.

REM. 1.-In this example, the predicate is not simply est, but est rotundă; for the assertion is not that the earth is (i. e. exists), but that the earth is round.

REM. 2.-The adjective rotundă agrees with the subject terră in gender, number, and case, by the rule already given.

(114).

2. Plurimae stellae sōlēs sunt.

(Very many stars suns are.)

Very many stars are suns,

REM.-Here the predicate is sōlēs sunt.

180. RULE OF SYNTAX.-A noun in the predicate after esse is put in the same case as the subject when it denotes the same person or thing.

REM.-In example 2, sōlēs is in the nominative by this rule.

181. RULE OF SYNTAX.-The adjectives dignus, indignus, contentus, praeditus, frētus, and liber, take the ablative; e. g.,

Virtus parvo contentă est.

(Virtue with little content is.)

Virtue is content with little.

REM-Parvo in this example is a neut. adj. used as a noun; it is put in the ablative after contentă, by the rule just given.

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* This verb, together with some others of the third conjugation, has

the imperfect and future like verbs of the fourth conjugation.

+ The genitive neminis and ablative nemine are not in good use.

183. Exercises.

(a) 1. Nix est candida. 2. Bonus est beātus. 3. Boni sunt beāti. 4. Sapientes parvo contenti sunt. 5. Servus laude dignus est. 6. Patris mei servus laude indignus est.

7. Caius patriam auro vendebat. 8. Caius, homo vita indīgnus, patriam auro vendet. 9. Quam multi indīgni luce sunt! 10. Arbor florebat. 11. Balbus multa laude florebat.

(b) 1. No-one is always happy. 2. The avaricious (man) will never be contented. 3. The avaricious are not contented. 4. Caius is not free from blame. 5. Caius is unworthy of praise.

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6. Balbus praises my fidelity. 7. Balbus, a man endued with great virtue, was praising my fidelity. 8. Balbus does much good. 9. Caius is unworthy of life. 10. Caius, a man unworthy of life, does no good. 11. Caius, relying on his strength, does not fear the lion. 12. The slaves are not free from blame. 13. Christians are contented with little.

LESSON XXXIV.

Verbs.-Infinitive as Subject.-Genitive with Esse in the Predicate.

184. An infinitive mood (with the words belonging to it) (9) may be used as a noun, and thus become the subject of a verb. When thus used it is in the neuter gender (44, 3), and of course takes the adjectives in agreement with it in the same gender; e. g.,

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