vēnit. 4. Hunc audiebant antea, nunc praesentem vident. 5. Fundo in tres partes diviso, Romam vēnit. 6. Veni ut mihi succurras. 7. Hannibal, Alpibus superātis, in Italiam venit. 8. Lex erat Romanōrum vetustissima, ne quis intra urbem sepelirētur. (b) 1. Have not the boys been sent to bring water? 2. They have come to shut the gates of the city. 3. Will you come to shut the gates? 4. Let them come to shut the gates. 5. Let all come to hear the instructions of the wise. . 6. Let the instructions of the wise be always heard. 7. By hearing the instructions of the wise we shall learn wisdom. 8. He has buried his father. 9. Has he buried him within the city? 10. Do not bury him within the city. LESSON LXIX. Verbs with the Dative.-Indirect Object. 396. THE use of the indirect object has been already illustrated; but as some verbs in Latin are followed by the dative (the case of the indirect object) where we use no preposition, and should therefore be led by the English to put the accusative, it may be well to notice a few instances of this. The verbs of this class are principally such as signify: To command or obey, please or displease, favor or injure, serve or resist, together with to indulge, spare, pardon, envy, believe, persuade.* * See 648 REM. 1.-Văcărě (to have leisure) and nûběrě (to marry, used of females), also take the dative. REM. 2.-It will be readily perceived, in most cases, that the dative after the above verbs is really the indirect and not the direct object; thus, imperārě (to command) means to give a command to; plăcere (to please) to give pleasure to; and so of most, if not all, of the others. 397. VOCABULARY. Ars, artis, art. Beate, happily. Crěděrě, credid, crèdit, to believe, put confidence in. Cupiditas, atis, desire, passion. Făvērě, fáv, faut, to favor. Ignoscěrě, nov, nōt, to pardon. Indulgérě, induls, indult, to indulge. Invĭdērě, vid, vis, to envy. Nocerě, nocu, nocit, to hurt. Rěsistěrě, stĭt, stīt, to resist. Studērě, u, to study, strive for. Văcărě, av, at, to have leisure for. 398. Exercises. (a) 1. Irae multos annos serviĕras. 2. Regendis animi cupiditatibus studeamus. 3. Caesar legendo libro vacābit. 4. Christiani est patriae suae legibus parere. 5. Ignosce mihi. 6. Nemo tibi credet. 7. Improbus patriae legibus non parēbit. 8. Num legibus parēbunt improbi, violāta fide? 9. Discant Christiāni anĭmis suis imperare. 10. Sapientia ars est bene beateque vivendi. (b) 1. I would have favored Caius. 2. You would have resisted anger. 3. You (pl.) would have hurt nobody. 4. We would have indulged the desire. 5. I was hurting myself. 6. You were hurting me. 7. You had hurt Caius. 8. You had been-the-slave-of passion. 9. Do not be-the slave-of passion. 10. You were sparing the enemies. 11. It is the duty of a Christian to envy nobody. 12. Do not envy the good. 13. It is pleasant to succor the miserable. 14. Nobody will believe the wicked. 15. Death spares nobody. 16. They had spared the gate of the city. 17. He spares himself in the winter. 18. He does not spare even himself. 19. You will never have persuaded me.20. Let the Christian learn to command himself. LESSON LXX. Deponent Verbs. 399. A DEPONENT verb is one which has a passive form, but an active meaning. 400. Deponent verbs have all the four participles; e. g., 1) Loquens, speaking; 2) locutus, having spoken; 3) locuturus, about to speak; 4) loquendus, to be spoken. REM.-The past participle of a deponent verb is the participle of the perfect active, which other verbs do not have. 401. RULE OF SYNTAX.-The deponent verbs, utor, fruor, fungor, potior, vescor, dignor, and their compounds, usually take the ablative; e. g., Võluptatě fruitur, he enjoys pleasure. REM.-The ablative after the above is not strictly the object, but the ablative of means; thus, to enjoy pleasure, is to be delighted with pleasure. 402. RULE OF SYNTAX.-Verbs of reminding, remem bering, forgetting, and pitying, usually take the genitive of the object remembered, forgotten, &c.; e. g., Reminiscor běněfícií tuī, I remember your kindness. ·REM.—Most of these verbs, except those signifying to pity, sometimes take the accusative instead of the genitive. (a) 1. Christianōrum est miserēri paupĕrum. 2. Homo improbus aliquando cum dolōre flagitiōrum suōrum recordabitur. 3. Multi beneficiis male utuntur. 4. Vincamus odium, pacèque potiamur. 5. Christiani est injuriarum oblivisci. 6. Beatus est, qui omnibus vitae officiis fungitur. 7. Elegantiam loquendi legen. dis oratoribus et poētis auxerant. (b) 1. Let the Christian discharge all the duties of life. 2. Let us use our horses. 3. The good after death will enjoy eternal life. 4. Will not the good after death enjoy eternal life? 5. Is the life that we now enjoy eternal? 6. Let boys learn to discharge all the duties of life. 7. Have you not spared the con quered ?* 8. Spare (pl.) the conquered. 9. Let us spare the conquered. 10. We will resist anger. 11. Will you not resist anger? 12. Let Caius, who sold * Participles as well as adjectives (117) are sometimes used substantively. his country for gold, be condemned to death. 13. Let the wicked, who sold their country for gold, be accused of treason. LESSON LXXI. Irregular Verbs. 405. THE irregular verbs are those which deviate from the ordinary rules, not only in the formation of their roots, but also in the inflection of some of their tenses. 406. The irregular verb posse (to be able), compounded of pot (potis, able) and essě (to be), is conju gated like the simple esse, except, 1) T before s becomes s; as, possum (potsům). 2) The fin the second root is dropped; as, pătu (potfu). 3) In the present infinitive and imperfect subjunctive there is a contraction; as, posse (for potesse), possěm (for potessěm). 407. Paradigm. Posse, to be able; 2d root, potu. INDICATIVE. Pres. Possum, põtěs, potest, possumus, potestis, possunt. SUBJUNCTIVE. Pres. possim; Imp. possěm; Perf. põtu-ĕrim; Pluperf. põtu issěm. INFINITIVE. Pres. possě; Perf. põtu-issě. PARTICIPLE. Potens (used as an adjective, powerful). |