1848.] Literary Institutions in Switzerland. 793 Council of Basil, with chains attached to the binding, many inestimable Mss., some of the works of Erasmus, etc. Public instruction at Geneva is under the general direction of the Council of Public Instruction. This council has the control, 1. of the Academy, which is composed of four faculties, Theology, Law, Sciences and Letters, and which counts twenty-six professors, and about 150 regular students; 2. the colleges of Geneva and Carouge; 3. the secondary school for girls; 4. fifty primary schools, numbering 4000 scholars; 5. auxiliary establishments, viz. the public library, the botanic garden, the academical museum and the observatory. The College of Geneva was founded by Calvin in 1538. The pupils are divided into eleven classes, four of which are called French classes, in which students are fitted for industrial or commercial pursuits. The number of scholars is between 400 and 500. At the end of each academical year, about the middle of August, there is a public celebration, at which there is a distribution of prizes, etc. The successful pupils receive their medals at the hands of the chief syndic in St. Peter's Church. The venerable company of pastors has had in charge religious and theological instruction. The public library, in the basement of the college, was founded in 1551 by Bonivard, "the prisoner of Chillon." It contains about 40,000 volumes and 500 Mss. It is rich in works of ancient theology. It has a collection of the autograph letters of Calvin, of Beza, Farel, Viret, and other reformers, the homilies of Augustine, written on papyrus of the sixth century, a translation of Quintus Curtius, found in the luggage of Charles the Bold, after the battle of Grandson, a beautiful Ms. of the four Gospels, etc. The Museum, commenced in 1818, has heen augmented by the geological collections of Saussure, Brongniart, Jurine and Necker, and is very rich in ornithology. There is a complete series of the minerals of the country, and of the fishes of the lakes. The botanic garden was formed in 1818 by the celebrated botanist Decandolle. Among the distinguished individuals who have adorned this small city, were the Turretines, Calvin, Beza, Le Clerc, Cellérier, Casaubon, Scaliger, Godefroy, Burlemaqui, De Lolme, Dumont, Necker, Sismondi, Mallet, Bonnet, Saussure, who first ascended Mont Blanc, Prevost, Decandolle, Huber, Dacier, De la Rive, Madame de Stael, A. Decandolle, Maunoir, etc. For an account of the New Theological School, see Bib. Sacra, III. p. 786. The publications in all departments of literature have greatly fallen off since February last, except political books and pamphlets which everywhere spring up. Among the few in classical and theological literature we notice the following: Principia Grammatices Neo-Persicae cum Metrorum doctrina et dialo gis Persicis, pp. 352. This grammar, by Gabriel Geitlin, professor of oriental languages in the university of Helsingfors, is commended in the Halle Allg. Litt. Zeitung, “as a book in the highest degree useful to the teachers and learners of the Persian language.”—Caspari C. P. Beiträge zur Einleitung in das Buch Jesaia u. zur Geschichte der Jesaianischen Zeit. 1 Thlr. 24 Sgr. This is a part of the "Biblico-Theological and apologetico-critical Studies," by Prof. Delitzsch and Caspari.-Reinhard F. W., Versuch über den Plan, etc. 24 Sgr. This is a new edition of Reinhard's celebrated book on the Plan of the Founder of the Christian Church, with an appendix and additions by the excellent Dr. Heubner of Wittenberg. Die Grundlebre d. Religion Jesu, nach dem Principe des Evangelischen Protestantismus ermittelt u. systematisch entfaltet von Dr. August Francke, 1 Thlr. 1848.-Schneidewin F. W. Die Homerischen Hymnen auf Apollon 12 Ngr.-Parallelgrammatik d. Griechischen u. Lateinischen Sprache von Dr. V. C. F. Rost, F. Kritz u. F. Berger, 2ter Theil. Schulgrammatik d. Lat. Sprache. von Dr. Kritz u. Dr. Berger. Rost is the well known Greek grammarian, Kritz is the editor of Sallust and belongs to Erfurt.-Euripides' Werke. Griechisch mit metrischer Uebersetzung u. prüfenden u. erklärenden Anmerkungen von J. A. Harsong. "The literary activity of Hartung has in various ways and in a very productive manner, been employed on Euripides. By his fundamental learning and extensive reading, by accurate observation of the characteristic peculiarities of the poet, by acute groupings, original judgments, and a fine artistic feeling, he has aided in various ways to the understanding of the poet." Jena Allg. Litt. 28.—Dr. Karl Ullmann of Heidelberg has published a pamphlet in which he advocates the equality of all the Confessions and unlimited civil freedom. The Christian Symbolic of the late Dr. Marheinecke, exhibiting the creeds of the Catholics, Lutherans, Reformed, Socinians, Greek Church, is about to be published under the charge of Mathies and Vatke.-Ulfilas, Urschrift, Wörterbuch, Sprachlehre, von Ign. Gaugengigt, Bevorwortet von Dr. M. Fertig.-An important work has just been published by Dr. Karl Wieseler, professor of theology in Göttingen, entitled: "Ein Versuch über die Chronologie und Abfassungszeit der Apostelgeschichte und der Paulinischen Briefe." The first book treats of the chronology of the Acts of the Apostles, the second, the time of the writing of the Pauline epistles, with an Appendix on the time of the writing of the epistle to the Hebrews. Two excursus treat of the residence at Rome, partly of Paul, partly of Peter. Dr. J. F. Röhr, the great rationalist leader, died at Weimar, June 15, 1848. He was born near Naumburgh, July 30, 1777.-Died at Berne, July 12, 1848, Dr. Matthias Schneckenburger, professor of theology in the university there. He was born in 1804. He published a Commentary on the Epistle of James, Contributions to New Testament Introduc 1848.] Latham's English Grammar. 795 tion, on the origin of the first canonical Gospel, the orthodox doctrine on the two Natures of Christ.-Dr. F. A. Bornemann, professor in the gympasium at Meissen in Saxony, died at Kirchberg, June 27, 1848. He edited an edition of Xenophon's Cyropaedia, 1828, 1838, 1840, of the Memorabilia, 1829, Scholia in Lucam, 1830, Acta Apostolorum, 1848, etc. He was born April 9, 1786.—The Swiss historian, Henry Zschokke, born at Magdeburg, March 22, 1770, died June 27, 1848, at Aarau, Switzerland. His writings are very voluminous. Selections from his historical writings have appeared in 16 vols. 12mo. His last publication was "Hours of Devotion to promote true Christianity."-The celebrated Chateaubriand died in Paris, July 4, 1848. He was born at St. Malo, Sept. 4, 1769.-Berzelius, the distinguished chemist, died at Stockholm, Aug. 7, 1848.—A bust of Martin Luther has been at last placed in the cele brated Valhalla. It stands between those of Holbein and Copernicus.— Prof. Ewald has accepted an invitation to return to Göttingen, the scene of his former labors.-Dr. Stickel has become ordinary professor of Oriental literature in Jena.—April, 1848, completed 500 years since the founding of the university of Prague, The English Language by R. G. Latham, M. D., fellow of King's College, Cambridge, late professor of the English language in University College, London. Second edition, revised and greatly enlarged. London: Taylor and Walton, 1848, 8vo. pp. 581. This elaborate grammar-to be regarded in the second edition as almost a new work-is divided into seven parts. Part I. takes up the general ethnological relations of the English language; Part II. the history and analysis; Part III. the sounds, letters, pronunciation and spelling; Part IV. the etymology; Part V. the syntax; and Part VI. the prosody. The ethnological division discusses the Germanic affinities of the English language and the languages of the Gothic stock, the Celtic stock of languages and their relations to the English, the Anglo-Norman and the languages of the classical stock, and the position of the English language as Indo-European. We quote the following from the preface: "In 1840, so little had been done by Englishmen for the English language, that in acknowledging my great obligations to foreign scholars, I was only able to speak of what might be done by my own countrymen. Since then, however, there has been a good beginning of what is likely to be done well. My references to the works of Kemble, Garnet and Guest show that my authorities now are as much English as German. And this is likely to be the case. The details of the Syntax, the illustrations drawn from our provincial dialects, the minute history of individual words, and the whole system of articulate sounds can, for the English, only be done safely by an Englishman; or to speak more generally, can, for any lan-` guage, only be dealt with properly by the grammarian whose mother tongue is that language. The Deutsche Grammatik of Grimm is the work not of an age nor of a century, but, like the great history of the Athenian, 2 κτῆμα εἰς ἀεί. It is the magazine from whom all draw their facts and illustrations. Yet it is only the proper German portion that pretends to be exhaustive. The Dutch and Scandinavians have each improved the exhibition of their own respective languages." "Accurate and systematic scholars of other countries prepared the way for the Deutsche Grammatik-Ten Kate in Holland, Dowbrowsky a Slavonian and Rask a Dane." Infant Baptism a Scriptural service, containing a critical survey and digest of the leading evidence, classical, biblical and patristic, by Rev. Robert Wilson, professor of Sacred Literature for the General Assembly, Royal College, Belfast. London: Longman and Co. 8vo. pp. 534. Among the recent American publications or works now in press are the following: Manual of Ancient Geography, by Dr. S. C. Shirlite, of the Royal Gyinnasium at Wetzlar. Translated by Profs. Beck and Felton of Cambridge. The third American edition, from the fifth English, of Prof. William Smyth's Lectures on Modern History, edited by Jared Sparks. Moritz Meurer's Life of Martin Luther, from the original authorities, translated by a Lutheran clergyman of New York city, pp. 692. The unaltered Augsburgh Confession, with a Preface and an Historical Introduction, and the three chief Symbols of the Christian church, etc. by C. H. Schott, translated from the German, 18mo. The Doctrine of the Person of Christ, by Dr. Sartorius. Translated from the fifth German edition, by Rev. O. S. Stearns. Boston: Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, 18mo. pp. 161. Recent Discourses delivered in the chapel of Brown University, on many of the leading moral and religious topics of the day, by Francis Wayland, D. D. Sketch of the History of Harvard College, by Samuel A. Eliot. Boston: Little and Brown, 1848, 18mo. pp. 190. Modern French Literature by L. Raymond de Vericour, revised with notes and additions by Win. S. Chase. Boston: Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, 1848, 12mo. pp. 444. [A valuable and seasonable work.] The Pulpit Orators of France and Switzerland, sketches of their Character and specimens of their Eloquence, by Rev. Robert Turnbull. NewYork: Robert Carter, 1848, 18mo. pp. 341. [This book contains sermons from Bossuet, Flechier, Bourdaloue, Fenelon, Massillon, Saurin, Vinet, Monod A., Grandpierre, Lacordaire, Merle D'Aubigné and Gaussen.] Baptism with reference to its Import and Modes, by Edward Beecher, D. D. New-York: John Wiley, 12mo. pp. 342. INDEX. A. Abila, or Lysanias, 79. Adam, his relation to his posterity, Advancement of Society in knowledge First French Revolution, Salt Akkâr in Northern Syria, 20. Apostolical Constitutions, new edition Anachronism in Acts 5: 36; in rela- tion to Theudas, 409. [457. Arvad or Ruad, 251. Austrian Universities, 203. B. Barîn in Syria, 689. ed on a new Syriac Lexicon, 390. British Museum, origin of, 388; his- Brooks's edition of Ovid's Metamor- C. Cambridge University, England, state- |