and having overcome him, he will keep to a houseless

state.

37.

He who has discerned that this body is like froth, having by his thoughts made this (idea) as lasting as a citadel, fights Mâra with wisdom as a weapon; and having overcome him, he will keep to a houseless state.

38.

He who has discerned that this world is like froth, having by his thoughts made this (idea) as lasting1 as a citadel, fights Mâra with wisdom as a weapon; and having overcome him, he will keep to a houseless state.

39 (89).

He whose mind is devoted to meditating on the seven branches of the bodhi, who is free from all attachment (upadana), who has cast off attachment, is cleansed of the stains of misery, and goes beyond sorrow (parinibbuta) in this world.2

40.

He who watches over his mind as does the yak over the end of its tail, is merciful to all creatures, and his happiness will not grow less (in this world).3

41.

He whose mind is well composed (not given to anger), delights in living alone (like) the largest of elephants, the elephant with goodly tusks.1

42.

He whose mind knows no harm, who is kind to all

1 Sran - btsugs, "enduring, hard, &c." According to the Comment., "thoroughly understanding this idea, &c."

2 This gâtha was spoken on hearing of the death of the ayuchmat, Çâriputra. Comp. chap. xxxii. 32.

3 For slightly different versions of this verse, see Dulva, ix. fol. 36b (Bhixuni Prâtimoxa); Jatakanidânam, fol. 454b; and Fausböll's Jataka, p. 20, gâthâ 133, 134, Yathapi camari válam, &c.

Comp. Khaggavisânasutta(Sutta Nipata), 19.

creatures (bhuta), who is merciful to creatures, there never arises any ill feeling in him.1

43.

He who knows no evil thoughts, who is kind to all creatures, who is merciful to all living beings, there never arises any ill feeling in him.

44.

He who knows no evil thoughts, who is kind to creatures, who shows mercy to all sentient beings, there never arises any ill feeling in him.

45.

(Repetition of verse 44.)

46.

He who is kind to all his acquaintances, to all his friends, and to all creatures, and who entertains a spirit of mercy, will greatly increase his happiness.2

47.

If one has but thoughts devoid of cruelty for living beings, and shows mercy, he is by this fact virtuous; if one shows a compassionate heart to all sentient beings, he will attain such merit as is acquired by the elect (ariya).

48.

The man who with a joyous mind, without faintheartedness, observes the laws of virtue,3 will arrive at perfection and happiness.

49.

Emancipated by perfect knowledge, he is safe and at

1 Or it may be translated "there never arises ill-feeling toward him." 2 He will either be born in the world of Brahma, or he will have

the happiness of no harm (befalling him), or the happiness of reaching the end (of worldly life?)-P.

3 Morality and meditation.-P.

rest; his mind being at rest, the actions of his body and his words are quiet.1

50.

Thus, by having the mind fixed on one point, one obtains perfect comprehension of the law, but it is not by having cymbals on the five limbs that one will find joy.

51.

They whose minds delight in meditation find no enjoyment in desires; he who is shielded from the smallest affliction will enjoy blissful slumber.

52.

They whose minds delight in meditation find no enjoyment in desires; he who is troubled by no affliction whatever will find great joy.

53.

He whose mind, like a rock, remains without being moved, who in the midst of passions is without passions, in the midst of anger is without anger, with a mind such as this it is not possible to experience suffering.

54 (185).

Speak no abuse, do no harm, be firm in the observance of the Pratimoxa, know how to be moderate in your food, take up your abode in a remote forest, and you will find peace of mind in spiritual insight (vipaçyana); this is the doctrine of the Buddha.2

1 There is evidently a hiatus in the text of the Bkah-hgyur between the last line of verse 48 and the second line of verse 50. The text of the 71st vol. of the Bstan-hgyur gives, however, the missing lines, and it is from it that I have taken verse 49 and the first line of 50. These three verses were spoken on seeing King Adjatasatru amusing himself with his wives and court, and

on hearing the inhabitants of Râjagriha exclaim on seeing him, "This is happiness! this is joy!" The latter part of verse 50 alludes most likely to the singers and dancers of the king.

2 According to one account, there was at Cravasti a great concourse of Bhixus, who, on seeing a dead dog which omitted a most offensive odour, spoke evil words, some of them say

55.

He who possesses a correct estimation of the mind, who appreciates the flavour of perfect solitude, protected by the earnestness of his meditative mind, he enjoys the pleasure of being without anything (that causes suffering).

56.

1

He whose attentive mind delights in the truth and adheres to the (four) truths, who always walks in the way with his body, he is safe in speech and in mind,2 and, casting off sorrow, he will experience no more suffering.

57.

He whose mind is not guarded, who is under the rule of false theories, subdued by sleep and laziness, he will fall into the power of Mâra.

58.

His mind therefore guarded, led by orthodox opinions, with perfect understanding in his way of doing,3 perfectly comprehending birth and decay, the Bhixu, subduing sleep and laziness, has found the way to put an end to suffering.

59.

He who is pure is in safety; he whose mind is subdued and perfectly controlled is happy; all those who have been led astray by brutish instincts will go to hell.

60.

He who is pure is in safety; he whose mind is subdued and perfectly controlled is happy; all those who have been led astray by brutish instincts will exist (hereafter) among beasts.

61.

He who is pure is in safety; he whose mind is subdued and perfectly controlled is happy; all those who have been led astray by brutish instincts will exist (hereafter) among pretas.

62,

He who is pure is in safety; he whose mind is subdued and perfectly controlled is happy; all those who are guarded against brutish instincts will find joy among

men.

63.

He who is pure is in safety; he whose mind is subdued. and perfectly controlled is happy; all those who are guarded against brutish instincts will find joy in heaven.

64.

He who is pure is in safety; he whose mind is subdued and perfectly controlled is happy; all those who are guarded against brutish instincts will find nirvâna.1

Chapter on the Mind, the Thirty-first.

1 The last six verses were spoken for the following reason; Virudhaka, for having killed a great number of the Çakyas and delighting in killing,

had been born in hell. The murdered Çakyas went on the happy way and left behind all sorrow. —P.